Effects of Lipoxygenase Null Genes of Soybean in Controlling Beany-flavor of Soymilk and Soyflour

The flavor of the soymilk and soyflour obtained from the lipoxygenase mutant isolines was concentrated by simultaneous distillation and extraction (SDE), and its constituents were identified by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Results showed that the same 24 flavor constituents were isolated in both soymilk and soyflour, and most of them were aldehydes and alcohols. Lox2 was most responsible for the production of the volatile and beany-flavor components, and Lox1 less responsible.Lox3 was least responsible and can reduce the yield of hexanal. Either Lx1 or Lx2 could significantly reduce the volatile and beany-flavor, and Lx3 could significantly increase the yield of hexanal. Primary and secondary interactions existed among the null mutant genes, and the major effects and interactions could be affected by processing conditions. The isoline with triple lipoxygenase null genes yielded the least volatile and beany-flavor components, and the isoline without the lipoxygenase gene Lx3 produced the greatest amount of the volatile and beany-flavor components. The amounts of volatile and beany-flavor components produced by the other isolines were between that of the isoline with triple lipoxygenase null genes and the isoline without lipoxygenase gene Lx3. According to the correlation analysis, the hexanal amount could be used as an index in evaluating the importance of lipoxygenase isozymes in the yield of beany-flavor compounds, and the effects of the different types of lipoxygenase null mutants in controlling beany-flavor compounds. The cultivars with triple lipoxygenase null genes will be a quality raw material for soyfood processing.     

Investigation of Coccidial Infection and Drug Test of Sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi

The purpose of the experiment was the seasonal variations investigation and drug test on coccidial infected sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi.To count infection rate and infection intention of coccidia by using the saturated solution floating method and MacMaster's method.We carried out drug test by using sulfadimidine, counted reduction ratio and negative transformation rate of oocysts and analysied the average OPG of adult sheep and lamb after sulfadimidine treatment by SPSS 17.0.The result showed that the overall prevalence of coccidial infection was 71.38%, the infection rate of summer was 65.28%, the infection rate of autumn was 78.24%, the infection rate of winter was 62.18%, the infection rate of spring was 81.58%;There was the highest infection rate of lamb;Seven species were identified by morphological analysis.The infection rate of sheep which infected by one kinds of coccidia was 42.75%, 2 to 4 kinds of coccidia was 53.94%, more than 5 kinds was 3.31%.The best effect of insecticide was high dose group, whose oocyst decrease rate and negative rate was better than the medium and low dose groups.Meanwhile, lamb using low dose could achieve obvious repellent effect.In order to treat the coccidial infected sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi, we could use the sulfadimidine to do the anthelmintic work of lamp in spring and autumn.     

乌鲁木齐大气污染现状及影响因素分析

对乌鲁木齐市1999-2008年空气污染物监测数据分析表明,乌鲁木齐主要污染物中可吸入颗粒物(PM10)、SO2和NO2,其浓度均表现为采暖期大于非采暖期,采暖期日平均PM10值为国家二级标准日平均浓度的1.74倍,SO2为1.45倍,NO2最低,且采暖期与非采暖期均处于达标状态。污染最严重的季节是冬季,重度污染天气1月最多为7.5 d,其次为12月5.3 d。城区南部污染重于北部和中部。乌鲁木齐大气污染的原因,主要有地形因素造成冬季风速小、温度低、逆温层厚、空气稳定性强。冬季漫长,供暖、供热、供电系统耗能多,排放污染物数量大,城市布局不合理,供暖、供热、供电系统距城市中心太近、城市中心区域人口密度大、交通拥挤污染程度重。     

光肩星天牛幼虫排粪规律调查

天牛幼虫排出的虫粪在指示天敌寻找寄主的过程中起着重要的作用。通过在光肩星天牛幼虫发生期定期收集幼虫虫粪的方法,首次研究了林间天牛幼虫排粪量的变化规律。结果显示,光肩星天牛成虫羽化前,排粪总量呈现由上升到下降的过程,单个排粪孔的日平均排粪量为(0.030 2±0.002 1)g,单排粪孔的日最大排粪量可以达到0.319 4 g。同时研究了幼虫排粪量与寄主树的胸径、树皮厚度、树皮含水量和排粪孔大小的关系,结果表明,在调查期内,无论是各个排粪孔的排粪总量还是日均最大排粪量,均与排粪孔的大小有直接关系,而与其他几个因子无关。通过在树干上缠绑胶带形成的微栖境,采集到了光肩星天牛的天敌花绒寄甲成虫,表明花绒寄甲的发生与寄主天牛的发生紧密相关。     

新疆乌鲁木齐绵羊球虫感染调查及驱虫试验

试验旨在对新疆乌鲁木齐绵羊球虫感染季节动态变化进行调查及药物驱虫试验。采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特计数法计算感染率和感染强度,使用磺胺二甲嘧啶进行驱虫试验,计算卵囊减少率和转阴率,用SPSS 17.0软件分析成年羊和羔羊驱虫前后平均OPG。结果表明,绵羊总感染率为71.38%,夏季感染率为65.28%,秋季感染率为78.24%,冬季感染率为62.18%,春季感染率为81.58%;羔羊感染率最高;经形态学鉴定共发现7种绵羊球虫,感染单一虫种的占42.75%,感染2~4种的占53.94%,感染5种以上的占3.31%。成年羊高剂量组的卵囊减少率和转阴率最高,与中、低剂量组相比,驱虫效果较好;羔羊使用低剂量就能取得明显的驱虫效果。因此针对新疆乌鲁木齐绵羊球虫感染,今后应做好羔羊及春、秋季节的驱虫工作,使用磺胺二甲嘧啶进行驱虫,能取得较好的驱虫效果。     

3种三七根腐病致病菌的抑菌植物筛选

[目的]筛选出对3种三七根腐病致病菌具有强抑菌效果的拮抗植物,为制定三七根腐病绿色安全的防控措施提供科学依据.[方法]针对三七根腐病的3种致病菌[假单胞杆菌属(Pseudomonas sp.,菌株号B857)、无色杆菌(Achromobacter marplatensis,菌株号B562)和产碱菌属(Candidimonas sp.,菌株号B2681)],选用16种常见草本植物进行乙醇超声波提取,用二倍稀释法稀释成5个浓度梯度进行平板打孔抑菌试验,测量抑菌直径并计算毒力回归方程及致死中浓度(LC50),采用刃天青微孔板法观测16种植物提取液对3种病原菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC),筛选出抑菌效果强的植物进行田间三七苗覆盖试验,观测其对三七出苗及农艺性状的影响.[结果]毒力测定结果显示,大狼毒对3种病原菌均非常敏感,LC50均小于0.100 g/mL;紫茎泽兰和黄花蒿对B857和B562非常敏感,LC50均小于0.100 g/mL;苦蒿、艾草和万寿菊对B857非常敏感,鬼针草对B562非常敏感,LC50均小于0.100 g/mL.MIC测定结果表明,万寿菊、苦蒿和紫茎泽兰对3种病原菌的抑菌效果较强,其中,万寿菊对3种病原菌的综合效果最强,对B562和B2681的MIC低至1.875 mg/mL,对B857的MIC为3.750 mg/mL;苦蒿对B857和B562的MIC为1.875 mg/mL;紫茎泽兰对B2681的MIC为1.875 mg/mL,对B562和B857的MIC为3.750 mg/mL.田间化感作用试验结果表明,万寿菊覆盖方式的三七出苗率最高,为75.86%,苦蒿覆盖方式的出苗率最低,为65.43%;3种植物覆盖方式对三七茎粗、叶长和叶面积无显著影响(P>0.05),对三七苗株高有显著促进作用(P<0.05,下同).万寿菊和苦蒿覆盖方式致使三七苗叶宽变窄,且与对照差异显著.[结论]万寿菊和紫茎泽兰对3种三七根腐病致病菌的综合抑菌效果较强,且对三七生长无显著化感作用,万寿菊可直接采收后作为覆盖物返田利用,紫茎泽兰需烘干打粉后施用.刃天青微孔板法可作为植物源提取物最小抑菌浓度的测定方法.     

高产油葵光合特性的初步研究

北疆沿天山一带高产油癸光合特性的初步研究结果表明,油葵单叶光合速率日变化呈双峰曲线,值分别出现在１２：００和１６：００左右。油葵群体光合速率日变化呈单峰曲线,峰值一般出现在１２：００￣１３：００,光合持续时间为１３ｈ左右,略低于同期单叶光合持续时间。不同时层群体的我率及光合速率均以中上层叶片较大,占群体总光合量的８２％。各生育期中,群体光合的最高值出现在盛花期,同时植株干物质积累也最大。灌浆期光合     

秦岭华山松群落能量环境及光能利用率研究

选取具有代表性的华山松群落,对5月份到达群落的太阳总辐射、直接辐射、散射辐射、反射辐射、净辐射进行观测和研究;利用1996～1998年的气象资料,计算群落获得的太阳辐射总量;分析了群落内太阳辐射日变化规律及能量分布特点.结果表明:到达群落上层的太阳辐射为41.99×107J/m2·月,其中直接辐射为30.23×107J/m2·月,散射辐射为11.76×107J/m2·月;生长季内华山松群落获得的总太阳辐射能为1.68 ×109J/m2,净辐射为1.10×109J/m2.两种不同结构的群落年净积累能量分别为     

小麦FtsH2蛋白与WYMV CP互作研究

 小麦黄花叶病毒(Wheat yellow mosaic virus, WYMV)是马铃薯Y病毒科大麦黄花叶病毒属成员,主要危害冬小麦。实验室前期以WYMV外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)为诱饵,通过酵母双杂交筛选小麦cDNA文库,发现FtsH2蛋白部分片段与WYMV CP互作。FtsH2蛋白是AAA蛋白酶家族成员,参与植物叶绿体光损伤修复和类囊体发育进程。本研究利用酵母双杂交和双分子荧光互补技术进一步对FtsH2蛋白全长与WYMV CP进行互作验证,并鉴定互作结构域;利用荧光蛋白标记技术研究FtsH2蛋白与CP的亚细胞定位。实验结果表明FtsH2蛋白全长与CP互作;两者互作的关键结构域包含FtsH2蛋白低复杂区、跨膜区及AAA结构域和WYMV CP的中段区域(61-293 aa)。FtsH2蛋白单独表达时定位在细胞质、细胞核和叶绿体;CP单独表达时定位在细胞质;两者共同表达时亚细胞定位均没有发生明显变化,且主要共定位于细胞质中。WYMV CP与小麦FtsH2蛋白的互作可能会干扰植物绿叶体的发育和功能。本研究对了解WYMV的症状形成机制具有一定意义。     

TMV接种烟株后不同部位与不同时期病毒相对含量的研究

 选择不同时期烟株接种烟草花叶（TMV）,并在不同时期取样,应用TAS-ELISA法对370个样品进行了检测分析。结果表明,烟株不同接种时期各部位病毒相对含量高低的排列顺序是:团棵期接种叶,苗期接种叶,团棵期接种根,苗期接种根,苗期接种茎,团棵期接种茎,旺长期接种茎,旺长期接种叶,旺长期接种根。样品与阴性对照OD值之比由高到低分别是13.33,7.366,5.737,4.4,4.29,4.216,3.559,3.14,2.754,差异显著,这一结果排列中团棵期接种后叶病毒相对含量最高的规律,与田间发病率消长规律中团棵期通过叶片调查烟株发病率最高的趋势基本吻合。苗期、团棵期、旺长期这3个不同时期接种TMV后病毒相对含量由高到低排列顺序是:团棵期,苗期,旺长期。接种TMV后烟株花器病毒相对含量由高到低的排列顺序是:花冠,子房,花萼,雄蕊,雌蕊。