不同抗球虫药物对山羊球虫病的驱虫效果试验

为了解山羊羔羊球虫病的感染情况,寻找对山羊羔羊驱虫效果较理想的抗球虫药物,试验选择3种不同抗球虫药物,通过对山羊羔羊球虫病的驱虫效果进行对比,从而选择出适宜山羊羔羊的抗球虫药物。结果表明:用药前羔羊球虫感染率达100%,使用3种抗球虫药物后72小时卵囊减少率地克珠利为99.74%,盐酸氨丙啉为88.77%,磺胺喹啉钠为74.62%。     

3种药物对绵羊自然感染球虫的治疗效果

为了筛选有效的抗绵羊球虫药物,选择地克珠利(diclazuril)、磺胺二甲嘧啶(sulfadimidine)、克球粉(clopidol)3种常用的抗鸡球虫药物,进行绵羊自然感染球虫的治疗试验,以每克粪便球虫卵囊数(oocysts per gramme,OPG)、动物转阴率、增重率、增重新增产值作为评判指标,评价其抗绵羊球虫的驱虫效果。结果表明,3种药物对成年绵羊球虫感染均具有较好的治疗效果,其中地克珠利效果最好,克球粉次之,磺胺二甲嘧啶稍差。磺胺二甲嘧啶对羔羊球虫感染的治疗效果较差,而地克珠利和克球粉均具有良好的治疗效果,且二者的效果相当。3种药物对阿撒他艾美耳球虫(Eimeria ahsata)、巴库艾美耳球虫(Eimeria bakuensis)、类绵羊艾美耳球虫(Eimeria ovinoidalis)等3种致病性羊球虫感染均具有较好的治疗效果,其中地克珠利和克球粉效果最好,而磺胺二甲嘧啶稍差。在整个试验期间,不给药组成年羊和羔羊的增重和新增产值均为负值,而三个用药组的体重和产值均增加,其中地克珠利组稍好于克球粉组和磺胺二甲嘧啶组。     

草原放牧绵羊消化道寄生虫感染调查

为了解草原放牧条件下绵羊消化道寄生虫的感染情况,采用麦克马斯特氏法(Mc Master's method)对100只草原放牧绵羊(乌珠穆沁羊20只,昭乌达肉羊80只)粪便进行了虫卵检测计数及感染种类鉴定。结果显示,线虫总感染率为58%,线虫平均感染强度为544.83,每克粪便样品中的虫卵数(EPG)最高达5 800;乌珠穆沁羊线虫感染率为75%,昭乌达肉羊线虫感染率为53.75%,成年公羊、成年母羊和羔羊的线虫感染率分别为72.73%、56.79%和50%。球虫总感染率为15%,球虫平均感染强度为586.67卵囊数(OPG)最高达3 000;乌珠穆沁羊球虫感染率为35%,昭乌达肉羊球虫感染率为10%,成年公羊、成年母羊和羔羊的球虫感染率分别为18.18%、14.81%和12.5%。研究结果表明,在草原放牧条件下,乌珠穆沁羊线虫和球虫的感染率、平均感染强度和高感染率均高于昭乌达肉羊,线虫和球虫的平均感染强度和感染率均表现为公羊>母羊>羔羊,总体线虫的感染率高于球虫感染率。     

新疆昭苏地区马匹秋季驱虫试验及其效果观察

为了评价昭苏马秋季驱虫效果,采用病原学常规检测方法对294匹马粪样进行了驱虫前后对比检测分析。结果表明:马匹驱虫前感染的优势虫种为马圆线虫、无齿圆线虫、普通圆线虫、马副蛔虫、马尖尾线虫和球虫;线虫感染率为73.5%(216/294),球虫感染率为2.7%(8/294),混合感染率为64%;虫卵计数显示,每克粪便感染虫卵为200~600个。本试验使用的内外净(碘醚柳胺悬浮)药物组虫卵转阴率达87%,虫卵减少率达90%,驱虫效果明显,为今后马匹驱虫药的筛选提供参考。     

不同药物对白牦牛肠道寄生虫的驱虫效果评价

为筛选出抗白牦牛肠道寄生虫的最佳药物,并进行临床效果评价,笔者拟用不同药物组进行线虫、球虫驱虫效果对比试验,经饱和盐水漂浮法及麦克马斯特氏计数法对其驱虫效果进行评价。结果表明:伊维菌素组虫卵减少率与转阴率(88.5%、98.0%)均高于阿苯达唑组(85.6%、92.0%)与盐酸左旋咪唑组(74.0%、84.0%)。地克珠利组卵囊减少率与转阴率(83.0%、96.0%)也明显高于肠球清组(74.5%、88.0%)与盐酸氨丙啉组(71.7%、88.0%)。经伊维菌素与地克珠利联合用药后,其虫卵减少率与转阴率依次为72.5%、98.4%,卵囊减少率与转阴率依次为77.6%、96.9%。可见,伊维菌素与地克珠利是祛除圆线虫与球虫的最佳药物。     

五种抗球虫药对肉鸽球虫病的防治研究

为筛选有效的抗鸽球虫药物,选用地克珠利(1 mg/kg)、磺胺喹恶啉钠(300 mg/kg)、磺胺氯吡嗪钠(300 mg/kg)、托曲珠利(25 mg/kg)、白头翁散(500 mg/kg)等5种抗鸡球虫药物进行了本试验,试验重复3次,每次分为用药感染组和不用药感染组,人工感染主要含有拉氏艾美耳球虫和鸽艾美耳球虫的混合孢子化卵囊,剂量为15×104个,以相对卵囊减少率作为抗球虫效果的指标。结果显示磺胺喹恶啉钠、磺胺氯吡嗪钠效果最好,相对卵囊减少率分别为99.9%和99.5%;其次是托曲珠利、白头翁散,相对卵囊减少率分别为96.7%和92.0%;地克珠利效果最差,相对卵囊减少率仅为75.6%。     

乌鲁木齐县羊消化道寄生虫感染季节动态变化调查

为了对新疆维吾尔族自治区乌鲁木齐县羊消化道寄生虫感染进行季节动态变化调查,采集乌鲁木齐县板房沟乡和永丰乡的5个羊场新鲜羊粪1251份,采用饱和盐水漂浮法和麦克马斯特计数法计算感染率和感染强度,参考寄生虫图谱进行种类鉴定。结果表明,该县寄生虫总感染率为84.73%,春季感染率最高,夏季感染率最低。球虫感染率为71.38%,线虫感染率为36.53%,吸虫感染率为3.36%,绦虫感染率为2.00%。球虫春季感染率最高,线虫冬季感染率最高,吸虫春季感染率最高,绦虫秋季感染率最高。羔羊感染率高于成年羊。经形态学初步鉴定羊消化道寄生虫25种,其中球虫7种、线虫15种,绦虫2种,吸虫1种。本调查结果为制定科学合理的羊消化道寄生虫防治措施提供了科学依据。     

集约化羊场绵羊球虫感染情况调查与分析

应用饱和盐水浮集法和麦克马斯特虫卵计数法对河南省洛宁县某集约化羊场384只绵羊粪便样品进行球虫感染情况调查。结果发现，球虫总感染率为69.5%(267/384),哺乳羔羊、断奶羔羊、哺乳母羊和怀孕母羊感染率分别是52.6%(61/116)、94.5%(104/110)、65.8%(52/79)和63.3%(50/79)。检出的11种艾美耳球虫及其感染率分别是小型艾美耳球虫27.1%、类绵羊艾美耳球虫40.6%、苍白艾美耳球虫25.5%、浮氏艾美耳球虫16.7%、槌型艾美耳球虫33.1%、巴库艾美耳球虫27.9%、阿撤他艾美耳球虫18.5%、温布里吉艾美耳球虫16.4%、错乱艾美耳球虫1.8%、马尔西卡艾美耳球虫3.6%、颗粒艾美耳球虫6.8%。多为2～5种混合感染，混合感染率77.9%(208/267)。类绵羊艾美耳球虫和槌型艾美耳球虫为优势种。哺乳羔羊和断奶羔羊阳性样品每克粪便中的卵囊数极显著高于哺乳母羊和怀孕母羊(P<0.01)。结果表明，球虫感染在集约化绵羊养殖场十分普遍，应高度重视哺乳羔羊和断奶羔羊球虫病的预防控制。     

青海省祁连县绵羊球虫感染情况和种类调查研究

对青海省祁连县默勒镇96只绵羊进行了球虫感染情况和种类调查研究。结果显示:总感染率为70.8%,其中1岁绵羊感染率83.3%,2岁羊感染率76.7%,成年羊感染率46.7%;多为2～5种球虫混和感染;平均OPG值为154.1(20～1460)。显微镜下对孢子化卵囊进行形态学观察,测量卵囊大小,显微照相,并列出了各种球虫的主要鉴别特征,绘制了卵囊形态图,进行虫种鉴定,共检出12种艾美耳球虫,其中确定的有11种:小型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria.parva)、类绵羊艾美耳球虫(E.ovinoidalis)、槌形艾美耳球虫(E.crandallis)、威布里吉艾美耳球虫(E.weybridgensis)、苍白艾美耳球虫(E.pallida)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(E.ahsata)、浮氏艾美耳球虫(E.faurei)、卵状艾美耳球虫(E.oodeus)、巴库艾美耳球虫(E.bakuensis)、颗粒艾美耳球虫(E.granulosa)以及错乱艾美耳球虫(E.intricata),前4种为优势虫种;未定种一种。     

羊肝片吸虫病药物防治模式试验探讨

羊肝片吸虫病是草原畜牧中危害肉羊最为严重的寄生虫病之一,常常造成肉羊黄疸、贫血、慢性营养消耗等对畜牧业经济产生严重影响,为了做好肝片吸虫病的防治,选取自然感染肝片吸虫的绵羊采用不同药物进行驱虫试验,结合沉淀法确定驱虫效果,结果表明:氯氰碘柳胺钠虫卵减少率100%;硝氯酚虫卵减少率91.4%,转阴率84.6%;丙硫苯咪唑虫卵减少率86.6%,虫卵转阴率76.9%;中药肝蛭散虫卵减少率53.2%,虫卵转阴率7.6%。通过试验氯氰碘柳胺钠注射液对肝片吸虫祛除率高,是首选药物。丙硫苯咪唑驱虫需反复灌服为宜,硝氯酚在秋季驱虫效果好但需要联合用药,肝蛭净散驱虫要和广谱抗虫药联合用药,通过筛选为临床寄生虫提供科学依据,为今后研究最佳的驱虫模式奠定了基础。     

Investigation of Coccidial Infection and Drug Test of Sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi

The purpose of the experiment was the seasonal variations investigation and drug test on coccidial infected sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi.To count infection rate and infection intention of coccidia by using the saturated solution floating method and MacMaster's method.We carried out drug test by using sulfadimidine, counted reduction ratio and negative transformation rate of oocysts and analysied the average OPG of adult sheep and lamb after sulfadimidine treatment by SPSS 17.0.The result showed that the overall prevalence of coccidial infection was 71.38%, the infection rate of summer was 65.28%, the infection rate of autumn was 78.24%, the infection rate of winter was 62.18%, the infection rate of spring was 81.58%;There was the highest infection rate of lamb;Seven species were identified by morphological analysis.The infection rate of sheep which infected by one kinds of coccidia was 42.75%, 2 to 4 kinds of coccidia was 53.94%, more than 5 kinds was 3.31%.The best effect of insecticide was high dose group, whose oocyst decrease rate and negative rate was better than the medium and low dose groups.Meanwhile, lamb using low dose could achieve obvious repellent effect.In order to treat the coccidial infected sheep in Xinjiang Urumqi, we could use the sulfadimidine to do the anthelmintic work of lamp in spring and autumn.     

我国部分地区羊消化道寄生虫感染情况调查及球虫种类鉴定

为了解我国部分地区羊肠道寄生虫的感染情况,采用水洗离心沉淀法、卢戈氏碘液染色法和饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法,对来自全国8省16个地区共472份羊粪样品进行了肠道寄生虫的显微镜检查,并根据虫卵和卵囊形态进行了虫种鉴定。本次调查寄生虫总感染率为85.38%(403/472),混合感染率为46.40%(219/472),共查到球虫、阿米巴、线虫和绦虫4大类寄生虫,感染率分别为68.86%(325/472)、44.49%(210/472)、29.24%(138/472)和1.91%(9/472)。球虫种类鉴定结果显示共10种,分别为阿氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeri arloingi)、艾丽艾美耳球虫(Eimeri alijevi)、苍白艾美耳球虫(Eimeri pallida)、家山羊艾美耳球虫(Eimeri hirci)、山羊艾美耳球虫(Eimeri caprina)、阿撒他艾美耳球虫(Eimeri ahsata)、斑点艾美耳球虫(Eimeri punctata)、羊艾美耳球虫(Eimeri caprovina)、颗粒艾美耳球虫(Eimeri granulosa)和克氏艾美耳球虫(Eimeri christenseni);线虫共4种,分别为类圆线虫(Strongyloides spp)、毛首线虫(Trichuris spp)、毛细线虫(Capillaria spp)和细颈线虫(Nematodirus spp);绦虫为扩展莫尼茨绦虫(Moniezia expansa)。结论:我国部分地区羊肠道寄生虫在春夏季节感染较为普遍,其中球虫感染率最高,为优势虫种。本调查为羊场精准驱虫提供了参考依据。     

新疆部分地区兔球虫种类调查研究

对新疆部分地区家兔球虫的种类进行调查,发现兔的艾美耳球虫检出率为100%,并检出10种兔艾美耳球虫,即斯氏艾美耳球虫(Eimera stiedai)、大型艾美耳球虫(E.magna)、无残艾美耳球虫(E.irrestidua)、梨型艾美耳球虫(E.piriformis)、小型艾美耳球虫(Eexigua)、肠艾美耳球虫(E.intestinalis)、盲肠艾美耳球虫(E.coecicola)、穿孔艾美耳球虫((E.perforans)、野兔艾美耳球虫(E.leporis)、黄艾美耳球虫(E.flsvescens),其中穿孔艾美耳球虫、小型艾美耳球虫和斯氏艾美耳球虫为优势虫种.     

绵羊球虫感染情况和种类调查

应用饱和蔗糖溶液漂浮法对河南、山东和东北等地的1052只绵羊球虫感染情况及种类进行了调查,结果表明球虫总感染率为94.8%,对968份阳性样本中的球虫卵囊进行形态学鉴定,共检出12种艾美耳球虫,分别为阿撒他艾美耳球虫、巴库艾美耳球虫、小型艾美耳球虫、贡氏艾美耳球虫、类绵羊艾美耳球虫、颗粒艾美耳球虫、苍白艾美耳球虫、马耳西卡艾美耳球虫、温布里吉艾美耳球虫、错乱艾美耳球虫、槌形艾美耳球虫和浮氏艾美耳球虫。调查结果发现绵羊最多可同时感染9种球虫,多数为2~5种,混合感染率为71.8%;1岁以下和1岁以上绵羊球虫感染率分别为99.4%和86.0%,平均OPG值分别为7907.36和3263.89;舍饲和放牧绵羊球虫感染率分别为97.0%和89.0%;夏、秋季为球虫主要流行季节。     

阿维菌素复方缓释制剂在绵羊寄生虫病防治中的应用

选择伊维菌素-丙硫咪唑复方片剂、伊维菌素-丙硫咪唑亚砜注射液和阿维菌素-丙硫咪唑亚砜复方长效油胶,对新疆阿克苏一群未进行驱虫和药浴的当年生羔羊进行试验。结果表明,复方片剂、伊维菌素-丙硫咪唑亚砜注射剂和阿维菌素-丙硫咪唑亚砜长效油胶在用药以后7 d就可以100%地杀灭发病绵羊的多种体内外寄生虫,第25天绵羊痒螨病的临床症状均已缓解或消除,并开始生长新毛。用药后40 d复方片剂组就出现了再感染现象,而阿维菌素-丙硫咪唑亚砜长效油胶组,维持100 d左右才出现肠道线虫感染,感染率为80%,但感染强度只是复方片剂组的10%,对绵羊疥癣可基本控制。     

Long-Term Study of Toxoplasma gondii Infection in a Swedish Sheep Flock

Lundén, A., A. Näsholm and A. Uggla: Long term study of Toxoplasma gondii infection in a Swedish sheep flock. Acta vet. scand. 1994,35,273-281.– The infection rate of Toxoplasma gondii was studied during 6 years in a sheep flock in central Sweden. The flock consisted of 165-249 breeding ewes of which 20-35% were lambs less than 1 year old. Most ewes were slaughtered when 5 years old. The sheep were kept indoors from end of September to early May. Lambing took place in March and April. Individual serum samples were collected twice a year, once just before turning the sheep out to pasture in the spring, and again after housing in the autumn. Sera were analysed by ELISA for antibodies to T. gondii. The seroprevalence varied between 10% and 45% during the 6 years of observation. Seroconversion was detected predominantly at the autumn sampling, indicating that in most cases infection was acquired at pasture. Subclinical effects of T. gondii infection on lamb weight, litter size, total litter weight and ewe weight were also studied. Lambs born to chronically infected ewes were lighter at birth than those of uninfected ewes, but this disparity was no longer evident at weaning.     

Evaluation of Ewe Performance in 795 Selected Sheep Flocks in South-Eastern Norway

A study of ewe performance was undertaken in 795 sheep flocks based on data from the Norwegian Sheep Recording System. Herd level data included in the annual report for 1998 were used as the basis for the study. Average flock size was 75.3 ewes. The material was considered as representative of the better and more motivated sheep farmers in the mountain valley regions in south-eastern Norway. The average number of lambs born per ewe, inclusive (and exclusive) of barren ewes, was 1.89 (2.02), and of autumn lambs (those surviving from birth in the spring to autumn) 1.60 (1.66). The average autumn weight of the lambs corrected to 145 days of age was 42.4 kg, giving an overall performance of 67.9 kg lambs live weight per ewe. When including artificially reared lambs, overall performance was 70.4 kg per ewe. Artificial rearing of lambs, mostly triplets which had been removed from the ewe, was practised on 395 of the farms. In the 74 flocks with a rate of artificial rearing of more than 10% of all lambs, overall performance per ewe was 13.3 kg higher than in flocks with no artificial rearing. Total lamb mortality from birth to autumn recording, including stillborn lambs, was 12.44%. Mortality had a skewed distribution, some flocks having very high mortality figures. The arithmetic means (and medians) for mortality were as follows: 2.75 (2.29)% stillbirths, 2.93 (2.30)% died during the indoor feeding period, 0.88 (0.00)% at spring pasture, and 6.16 (4.40)% at summer pasture. In regression models using Proc Genmod in SAS^®, it was found that average number of autumn lambs per ewe was negatively associated with the rate of barren ewes, late lambing date (flock average day in year when lambing took place), and total lamb mortality. The corrected autumn weight of the lambs was positively associated with the average number of lambs born per ewe and non-fertility rate, and negatively associated with flock size and total lamb mortality. The Dala breed had a positive effect on number of autumn lambs per ewe, and Spæl breed a negative effect on corrected autumn live weight of the lambs.     

羊沙门氏菌病流行与防治

羊沙门氏菌病是是由多种致病性沙门氏菌感染引发的一种急性传染性疾病,不同年龄品种的羊都可以受到病原侵染,其中对羔羊造成的危害最为严重,尤其是断奶不久后的羔羊感染沙门氏菌后,表现的临床症状最为明显,致死率最高。临床上由于致病性沙门氏菌的种类较多,侵染途径多样,一旦受到病原侵染,将很难清理,会造成羊群反复流行,带来的经济损失不可估量。该文主要探讨羊沙门氏菌病的流行特点与防治措施。     

Anticoccidial efficacy of drinking water soluble diclazuril on experimental and field coccidiosis in broiler chickens

Prophylactic and curative capacity of water soluble formulation of Diclazuril (Diclosol 1%) and feed additive form (Clinacox, 0.5%) were tested against Eimeria infection in broiler chickens. Such testing was performed both experimentally and in the field. Toltrazuril (Baycox, 2.5%) was used as reference control drug. Water soluble formulation of Diclazuril induced a marked inhibitory effect on the different stages of the parasite life cycle in experimentally infected treated birds especially when applied on the day when blood first appeared in the faeces [fifth day post-infection (d.p.i.)] as well as on the second day of blood dropping (6 d.p.i.). Both tested dosage levels of Diclazuril water soluble formulation in drinking water (5 and 10 ppm) showed the same effect in controlling coccidial infection and reducing the total oocyst numbers, lesion and faecal scores. Moreover, there was no significant difference in the efficacy of water soluble form of Diclazuril and the reference control drug (Toltrazuril, 25 ppm). In addition, testing the water soluble formulation (5 ppm) in naturally infected poultry farm (20,000 birds), showed the same anticoccidial effect observed when using Toltrazuril, as a treatment for coccidiosis. In conclusion, addition of Diclazuril at the dose of 5 ppm in the drinking water of naturally coccidia infected bird induced the same effect as 25 ppm of Toltrazuril as a treatment for coccidiosis in chickens.     

Efficiency of Duddingtonia flagrans against Trichostrongyle infections of sheep on mountain pastures

The control of sheep nematode parasites in extensive mountain/transhumant management systems using the nematophagous fungus Duddingtonia flagrans was assessed in this study. Two groups of Churra Tensina ewes were allowed to graze for 8 weeks in autumn on two separate paddocks of infected pasture near their winter sheds in the valley. At lambing, ewes and their twin lambs were turned out into the same paddocks for the following 12 weeks. One group of ewes received a daily dose of 5 x 10(5) chlamydospores of Duddingtonia flagrans/kg live weight per day both in autumn and in spring, while the other group was used as a non-treated control. Daily dosing of grazing ewes with the fungus D. flagrans had a clear effect on reducing autumn pasture contamination. This had a subsequent effect on the over-wintering larvae population that was confirmed by a 20% lower worm burden of tracer lambs kept in early spring on the paddock previously grazed by fungus treated ewes. In spring, pasture contamination was also significantly reduced in the paddock grazed by fungi-treated ewes and their lambs showed a 61% lower worm burden and a better performance than the control lambs. Results herein show that fungal spores fed to sheep at critical times with regard to the epidemiology of parasite infection, can have a significant effect on the infective larvae present on pasture, which could further improve lambs performance. This novel approach to parasite control would be of interest amongst both organic and conventional sheep farmers operating in mountain regions.