麦田恶性杂草防除的试验初报

通过几种药剂防除麦田恶性杂草的试验表明,对以碱茅、荠菜为优势杂草的小麦田,宜采用50%异丙隆120 g/667m2 75%巨星1.25 g/667m2的配方,株防效和鲜重防效分别达到95%和100%,同时对小麦安全。     

马铃薯疮痂病菌毒素及其致病性的研究

 本文对分离自我国不同地区的马铃薯疮痂病菌产生的毒素进行了研究。通过对不同菌株进行毒素提取、纯化和产毒分析发现各致病菌株均能产生同一类毒素,而非致病菌株均未见毒素产生。毒素的活性检测结果表明,毒素能使马铃薯薯片和萝卜幼苗产生与病菌作用相同的症状,说明毒素是疮痂病菌侵染过程中的主要致病因子。     

桃红叶植原体检测及鉴定

对表现红叶的桃植株进行植原体16SrRNA基因PCR扩增,得到1.2kb的特异片段.将此片段与pGEM T Easy载体连接并转化到大肠杆茵DH5α感受态细胞中.通过酶切、PCR鉴定,对筛选得到的重组阳性克隆进行序列测定及同源性比较分析,确定该株系属于翠菊黄化植原体组(Aster yellows group,16SrI).在国内首次报道了翠菊黄化组中的植原体侵染桃树.     

大豆制品转基因成分检测和定量标识分析

分别以大豆凝集素(Lectin)和5-莽草酸-3磷酸合成酶(CP4-EPSPS)为内源和目标基因,对28种大豆制品进行实时荧光PCR检测.检测结果表明,4种大豆制品的CP4-EPSPS扩增结果为阳性,含有转基因大豆成分.转基因成分的定量检测在贸易和可操作性方面要优于定性检测.     

侵染观赏南瓜的黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒的初步鉴定

从广西某农业展示中心观赏南瓜上分离到一种直杆状病毒,长约300nm,该病毒分离物P-3(NN)在测试的葫芦科作物上表现为系统花叶、褪绿斑及明脉症状,在曼陀罗上为局部褪绿斑,在测试的其它茄科作物及豆科和藜科作物上无任何症状反应.其致死温度为95～100℃.经DAC-ELISA测定,P-3(NN)与黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒有密切的血清学关系.根据以上结果,初步鉴定P-3(NN)为黄瓜绿斑驳花叶病毒(CGMMV)的一个分离物.     

基于分子遗传标记技术的实蝇种群遗传关系研究进展

分子遗传标记技术已用于分析实蝇的种群遗传关系,本文介绍了分子遗传标记技术在实蝇的起源、入侵、定殖、扩散及其他方面的研究进展,首次分析了我国实蝇种群遗传研究的现存问题并针对检疫性实蝇种群遗传关系研究提出了建议.     

甜菜碱促进肉鸭生长的作用机理研究试验研究

选用1日龄樱桃谷肉用仔母鸭864羽,随机分成6组(每组设6个重复),各组按2种剂量水平(0和0.05%)的甜菜碱和3种剂量水平(0、0.06%和0.12%)的蛋氨酸分别组合添加进行2×3析因法设计.结果表明,在蛋氨酸相对缺乏的饲料中甜菜碱能高效替代蛋氨酸,甜菜碱对改善肉鸭屠体品质比蛋氨酸更为有效;甜菜碱和蛋氨酸在增重、料重比、胸肌率、腹脂率、肝脏中的甜菜碱一高半胱氨酸S-甲基转移酶(BHMT)的活性和胸肌中肉碱含量则无明显互作效应.     

Patterns of Variation in Alkamides and Cichoric Acid in Roots and Aboveground Parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench

We investigated patterns of variation in alkamides and cichoric acid accumulation in the roots and aboveground parts of Echinacea purpurea (L.) Moench. These phytochemicals were extracted from fresh plant parts with 60% ethanol and quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. Concentrations of alkamides and cichoric acid were measured on a dry-weight basis (mg·g(-1)). For total alkamides, concentrations among individual plants varied from 5.02 to 27.67 (mean = 14.4%) in roots, from 0.62 to 3.42 (mean = 1.54) in nearly matured seed heads (NMSH), and 0.22 to 5.25 (mean = 0.77) in young tops (about ? flower heads, ? leaves, and ? stems). For cichoric acid, concentrations among individual plants varied from 2.65 to 37.52 (mean = 8.95), from 2.03 to 31.58 (mean = 10.9), and from 4.79 to 38.55 (mean = 18.88) in the roots, the NMSH, and the tops, respectively. Dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10E-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide and dodeca-2E, 4E, 8Z, 10Z-tetraenoic acid isobutylamide (alkamides 8/9) accounted for only 9.4% of the total alkamides in roots, but comprised 87.9% in the NMSH, and 76.6% in the young tops. Correlations of concentrations of alkamides or cichoric acid between those of roots and those of the NMSH were not statistically significant, and either within the roots, the NMSH, and the young tops. However, a significant negative correlation was observed between the concentration of cichoric acid in the roots and in young tops, and a significant positive correlation was observed between total alkamide concentration in the roots and cichoric acid concentration in the young tops. These results may be useful in the genetic improvement of E. purpurea for medicinal use.     

Commercial Seed Lots Exhibit Reduced Seed Dormancy in Comparison to Wild Seed Lots of Echinacea purpurea

Seed germination patterns were studied in E. purpurea (L.) Moench grouped by seed source, one group of seven lots from commercially cultivated populations and a second group of nine lots regenerated from ex situ conserved wild populations. Germination tests were conducted in a growth chamber in light (40 μmol·m(-2)·s(-1)) or darkness at 25 °C for 20 days after soaking the seeds in water for 10 minutes. Except for two seed lots from wild populations, better germination was observed for commercially cultivated populations in light (90% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 95%) and in darkness (88% mean among seed lots, ranging from 82% to 97%) than for wild populations in light (56% mean among seed lots, ranging from 9% to 92%) or in darkness (37% mean among seed lots, ranging from 4% to 78%). No germination difference was measured between treatments in light and darkness in the commercially cultivated populations, but significant differences were noted for treatments among wild populations. These results suggest that repeated cycles of sowing seeds during cultivation without treatments for dormancy release resulted in reduced seed dormancy in E. purpurea.     

Effects of gastrin on expression of cyclooxygenase and growth factors in rat gastric mucosa

AIM: To clarify the effects of gastrin on the expression of cyclooxygenase (COX) and several growth factors in rat gastric mucosa. METHODS: Male Sprague Dawley rats were fasted for 24 hours and subcutaneously injected with saline or gastrin 17 at doses of 1 μg/kg, 10 μg/kg and 100 μg/kg, respectively. The expression of COX-1, COX-2, heparin-binding epidermal growth factor-like growth factor (HB-EGF) and hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) in the gastric mucosa were examined using Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. Effects of a potent gastrin receptor antagonist YM022 on the expression of COX-1, COX-2, HB-EGF and HGF in gastric mucosa were also evaluated. RESULTS: Gastrin dose-dependently increased the expression of COX-2 and HB-EGF in rat gastric mucosa while the expression of COX-1 and HGF did not change significantly after treatment with gastrin. However, pretreatment with YM022 dose-dependently abolished the up-regulation of COX-2 and HB-EGF expression induced by gastrin. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that gastrin up-regulates COX-2 and HB-EGF expression in rat gastric mucosa, indicating that COX-2 and HB-EGF are involved in pathogenesis of the gastrin-related gastric mucosal hyperplasia and carcinoma of stomach.