TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛的研制

通过对振动筛理、垂直风选、旋风分离与沉降系统的研究,研制出集振动筛理、风选、旋风分离沉降、含尘气流循环再利用为一体的TFSQ型高效环保组合式粮食杂质清理筛。经应用测试和专家鉴定:该设备具有清理效率高、清理过程粉尘污染小,使用维护方便、可靠性强等优点,具有广阔的市场推广前景。     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

我国竞技体育人才培养路径的协同机制研究*

体工队“三级训练网”、俱乐部、院校化是我国竞技体育人才培养的三个主要路径。研究运用文献研究、专家访谈等方法，解析各个培养路径的机制结构,分析不同培养路径的矛盾问题和解决思路，在培养主体、培养目标、人才输送三个方面提出我国竞技体育人才培养路径的协同机制。     

郑州市城市绿地人工群落调查及物种多样性分析

以郑州市公园绿地、附属绿地中的120个人工植物群落为研究对象,调查其群落结构和物种多样性,利用Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数对郑州市城市绿地人工群落的物种多样性进行研究,结果表明郑州市城市绿地人工群落的丰富度指数均处于较高水平,植物多样性丰富,其中公园绿地丰富度指数最高,道路附属绿地次之,社区附属绿地最低。     

44个紫花苜蓿品种的酸铝适应性与耐受性评价

为了解紫花苜蓿在贵州地区的适应性及耐酸铝胁迫机理，以44份紫花苜蓿品种为研究对象，研究紫花苜蓿处于酸铝胁迫下的生理变化，并揭示其生理变化与耐酸铝胁迫间的关系。利用基因与环境互作模型对两个地点1年的紫花苜蓿进行产量分析，筛选出阿尔冈金、新疆大叶苜蓿、Trifecta、Vernal和中牧1号苜蓿5个耐酸铝强适应品种。利用敏感型UC-1465和耐受型阿尔冈金进行酸铝胁迫试验。结果表明：相同处理下，耐受型紫花苜蓿的电导率、相对铝含量、死亡率显著低于敏感型；紫花苜蓿对酸铝胁迫的响应主要通过柠檬酸、苹果酸、乙酸、酒石酸、反丁烯二酸和草酸的显著（P<0.05）增加来体现，其中苹果酸的合成和分泌增多可能是其耐酸铝胁迫的重要原因。     

薄皮甜瓜新品种京玉绿宝的选育

京玉绿宝是以白沙蜜5代自交系357为母本,以地方品种240提纯系选后代397为父本配制而成的薄皮甜瓜一代杂种。果实扁卵圆形,单果质量200~400g,果面光滑无棱,果皮深绿色,果肉白绿色,可溶性固形物含量11%~15%,早熟,抗逆性较强,适合保护地及少雨露地栽培,每667m2产量1600kg。已在北京、河北、辽宁、吉林、内蒙古等地示范推广3000hm2。     

凤庆茶叶种植与混林茶园生态系统研究

中国云南是世界茶树的原产地,而云南省凤庆县又是滇红的诞生地,具有悠久的茶树栽培种植历史,其混林茶园生态系统也具有较高的研究价值。本文通过对其茶叶种植史和混林茶园生态系统进行梳理和研究,厘清凤庆县茶叶种植的历史发展脉络,挖掘凤庆混林茶园生态系统的优势及其应用价值。     

雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的时空动态影响及其规制研究——以长株潭城市群为例

【目的】随着美丽中国建设和三大攻坚战等战略的推进,旅游生态环境成为旅游科学研究的重要问题,研究雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的动态影响及其环境规制作用,促进旅游节能减排。【方法】本文以两型试验区长株潭城市群为例,构建关于旅游产业评价的集成指标体系,采用重心模型和回归模型计量方法,探究旅游产业和雾霾污染发展轨迹,考察旅游产业发展与雾霾污染之间空间动态关联性,分析雾霾对旅游产业发展影响程度,检验雾霾污染与其他自变量交互作用下旅游产业发展的主导要素,最后以环境规制为门槛变量进一步讨论雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的影响,【结果】1)旅游产业重心偏移方向由长沙向衡阳方向移动,雾霾重心偏移方向在常德和株洲两地之间往返,无显著移动规律,旅游产业发展与雾霾污染之间存在一定的空间动态关联性,且两者之间存在反向抑制作用。2)雾霾污染对旅游产业发展存在影响,就研究区域而言,增加1%的雾霾污染会减少3.3%的旅游产业发展,且影响旅游产业发展的主要因素是旅游人数和环境规制。3)以环境规制为门槛变量,发现雾霾污染随着环境规制类型的不同而对旅游产业发展产生不同影响,无环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响指数为0.8%,对旅游产业发展影响显著;宽松型环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响为0.2%,影响程度略小;严密型环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业负面影响为0.1%,影响性最小。【结论】雾霾污染对旅游产业发展存在负面影响,但政府环境政策可有效缓解雾霾污染,因此在环境规制下,雾霾污染对旅游产业发展的负面影响减弱。     

天津滨海盐土的脱盐碱化及其防治

天津滨海盐土在长期治理过程中由于盐土的脱盐碱化，以及缺少有机肥料和低矿化（高钠）碱性水灌溉等原因，已出现了程度不等的碱化土壤。试验表明，应用有机无机改土剂和增施有机肥、深耕深翻、咸淡水混合灌溉等农艺措施，并与工程措施、生物措施相结合进行综合治理，能收到明显的改良效果。     

Dietary fiber in a low-protein diet during gestation affects nitrogen excretion in primiparous gilts,with possible influences from the gut microbiota

We investigated the effects of dietary fiber (DF) supplementation in normal or low crude protein (CP) diets on reproductive performance and nitrogen (N) utilization in primiparous gilts. In total, 77 Landrace × Yorkshire pregnant gilts were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial design. The groups comprised 1) equal intake of normal CP (12.82% and 0.61% total lysine), 2) low CP (LP) (10.53% and 0.61% total lysine), and 3) with or 4) without DF supplementation (cellulose, inulin, and pectin in a 34:10:1 ratio). A low-protein diet during gestation significantly reduced daily weight gain from days 91 to 110 of pregnancy (−162.5 g/d, P = 0.004). From N balance trials conducted at days 35 to 38, 65 to 68, and 95 to 98 of pregnancy, DF addition increased fecal N excretion at days 65 to 68 (+24.1%) and 95 to 98 (+13.8%) of pregnancy (P < 0.05) but reduced urinary N excretion (P < 0.05), resulting in greater N retention at each gestational stage. DF increased fecal microbial protein levels and excretion during gestation. An LP diet also reduced urinary N excretion at different gestational stages. An in vitro fermentation trial on culture media with nonprotein N urea and ammonium bicarbonate (NH₄HCO₃) as the only N sources revealed that microbiota derived from feces of gestating gilts fed the high DF diet exhibited a greater capacity to convert nonprotein N to microbial protein. Microbial fecal diversity, as measured by 16S rRNA sequencing, revealed significant changes from DF but not CP diets. Gilts fed an LP diet had a higher number of stillbirths (+0.83 per litter, P = 0.046) and a lower piglet birth weight (1.52 vs. 1.37 kg, P = 0.006), regardless of DF levels. Collectively, DF supplementation to gestation diets shifted N excretion from urine to feces in the form of microbial protein, suggesting that the microbiota had a putative role in controlling N utilization from DF. Additionally, a low-protein diet during gestation negatively affected the litter performance of gilts.