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81.
Flight and avoidance reactions from human were examined using 168 postweaning
Thoroughbred foals in 22 breeding farms. Further 114 yearlings of 168 foals were tested in
the following summer. The foal handlings by the stabler were asked in questionnaire. The
relationship between the behavioural reactions and the foal handling frequencies was
analyzed. The flight reaction was estimated as the distance from the animal to a stranger
when the animal began to flight away from his approach. The avoidance scores were set up
from (1) (not resistant) to (5) (touch rejection) from human touching. In the stabler
questionnaire, handling frequencies of “body brushing”, “rectal temperature measurement”,
“hoof cleaning”, and “stall cleaning” in the early nursing period were asked. The handling
frequencies were scored from (1) (not done) to (5) (every day). In the preliminary test, a
measurement reliability of the flight distance and the avoidance score was confirmed. The
mean flight distances were 0.56 m and 0.27 m in the postweaning foals and the yearlings,
respectively. Touch-avoidance scores of the highest frequency were (3) and (2) in the
postweaning foals and the yearlings, respectively. As the results of Spearman’s
rank-correlation analysis, “body brushing” showed highly negative relationships with
“flight distance” (ρ=–0.31, P<0.001) and “avoidance score” (ρ=–0.37, P<0.001) in the
postweaning foals. In the yearlings, “hoof cleaning” also showed significantly negative
relationships with these behavioural indices (ρ=–0.24, P<0.01; ρ=–0.22, P<0.01,
respectively). 相似文献
82.
Kaoru YAMAZAKI Takehito SUZUKI Mitsuyuki SHIRAI Tatsuya TAKIZAWA Tadashi SHINODA Toshio MASAOKA Fumiaki AKAHORI Hidetoshi MORITA 《Animal Science Journal》2008,79(3):391-400
The effect of the endocrine-disrupting chemical 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphyenl (PCB 126) on intestinal microbiota after oral administration, and the improvement of intestinal microbiota and feces quantity by the subsequent administration of Lactobacillus acidophilus or Lactobacillus reuteri was investigated. All the rats were given 100 μg/kg bodyweight of PCB 126. The changes in bacterial counts were confirmed using a culture method. The administration of PCB 126 tended to decrease the bacterial counts of lactobacilli (109.6 −1010.2 to 108.8 −109.2 ) and bifidobacteria (105.3 −106.1 to 103.6 −104.2 ), and to increase those of Enterobacteriaceae (108.2 −109.1 to 109.4 −1010.3 ) and staphylococci (106.6 −107.4 to 107.2 −108.4 ) compared to no PCB 126 administration. After administration of PCB 126, L. acidophilus or L. reuteri orally administered to rats caused Enterobacteriaceae and staphylococci counts to decrease, suggesting that the intestinal microbiota was improved by the lactobacilli. The administration of L. acidophilus and L. reuteri improved the balance of intestinal microbiota, and defecation volume returned to its normal level. L. acidophilus and L. reuteri have a remedial effect on intestinal microbiota affected by PCB 126 and can function to lessen accumulated PCB 126 volume. 相似文献
83.
Fuminori Tanihara Maki Hirata Nhien T. Nguyen Quynh A. Le Takayuki Hirano Tatsuya Takemoto Michiko Nakai Dai‐ichiro Fuchimoto Takeshige Otoi 《Animal Science Journal》2019,90(1):55-61
Recently, we established the GEEP (“gene editing by electroporation of Cas9 protein”) method, in which the CRISPR/Cas9 system, consisting of a Cas9 protein and single guide RNA (sgRNA), is introduced into pig zygotes by electroporation and thus induces highly efficient targeted gene disruption. In this study, we examined the effects of sgRNA on the blastocyst formation of porcine embryos and evaluated their genome‐editing efficiency. To produce an animal model for diabetes, we targeted PDX‐1 (pancreas duodenum homeobox 1), a gene that is crucial for pancreas development during the fetal period and whose monoallelic disruption impairs insulin secretion. First, Cas9 protein with different sgRNAs that targeted distinct sites in the PDX‐1 exon 1 was introduced into in vitro‐fertilized zygotes by the GEEP method. Of the six sgRNAs tested, three sgRNAs (sgRNA1, 2, and 3) successfully modified PDX‐1 gene. The blastocyst formation rate of zygotes edited with sgRNA3 was significantly (p < 0.05) lower than that of control zygotes without the electroporation treatment. Our study indicates that the GEEP method can be successfully used to generate PDX‐1 mutant blastocysts, but the development and the efficiency of editing the genome of zygotes may be affected by the sgRNA used for CRISPR/Cas9 system. 相似文献
84.
Estimation of potassium and magnesium flows in animal production in Dianchi Lake basin,China 下载免费PDF全文
Yuta Amachika Hiroki Anzai Lin Wang Kazato Oishi Chagan Irbis Kunzhi Li Hajime Kumagai Tatsuya Inamura Hiroyuki Hirooka 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(7):938-946
The objectives of this study were to estimate and evaluate potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) budgets and flows of animal production in the basin of Dianchi Lake, China. Feed sampling and farmer interviews were conducted in field surveys. The supplies of K and Mg from local and external feeds and the retention, production and excretion of animals were calculated individually for dairy cows, fattening pigs, breeding sows, and broilers and laying hens. The K and Mg flows on a regional level were estimated using the individual budgets. At the individual level, in dairy cattle, the K and Mg supplied from local feeds accounted for large parts of the total nutrient intakes, whereas in the other animal categories most of the K and Mg in the feeds depended on external resources. Our findings also suggested that excessive Mg intake resulted in high Mg excretion and low use efficiency in dairy cattle and fattening pigs. At the regional level, the K and Mg amounts of manure produced and applied in the area (K: 339 and Mg: 143 t/year) exceeded those used as local feeds. Our results imply the animal production potentially increased the K and Mg loads in the regional agriculture system. 相似文献
85.
A Double‐blind,Placebo‐controlled,Multicenter, Prospective,Randomized Study of Beraprost Sodium Treatment for Cats with Chronic Kidney Disease 下载免费PDF全文
M. Takenaka A. Iio R. Sato T. Sakamoto H. Kurumatani the KT‐ Clinical Study Group 《Journal of veterinary internal medicine / American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine》2018,32(1):236-248
Background
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common progressive and irreversible disease in cats. The efficacy and safety of beraprost sodium (BPS) in cats with CKD have not been evaluated.Hypothesis/Objectives
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of BPS in the treatment of cats with CKD, as compared to placebo.Animals
Seventy‐four client‐owned cats with naturally occurring CKD.Methods
Double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, multicenter, prospective, randomized trial. The cats received BPS (55 μg/cat) or a placebo PO q12 h for 180 days. The primary endpoint was prospectively defined as a change in the serum creatinine (sCr), serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio or urine specific gravity (USG).Results
The sCr increased significantly (P = 0.0030) in the placebo group (mean ± SD: 2.8 ± 0.7 to 3.2 ± 1.3 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (2.4 ± 0.7 to 2.5 ± 0.7 mg/dL). The difference between the groups at day 180 was significant (0.8 mg/dL, 95% CI: 0.2 to 1.3 mg/dL, P = 0.0071). The serum phosphorus‐to‐calcium ratio was significantly (P = 0.0037) increased in the placebo group (0.46 ± 0.10 to 0.52 ± 0.21 mg/dL) but not in the BPS group (0.50 ± 0.08 to 0.51 ± 0.11 mg/dL). There was no significant change in the USG in either group. An adverse event judged as being treatment‐related included vomiting that occurred in 1 case in the placebo group. No clinically relevant change was observed in the CBC and other blood chemistry tests.Conclusions and Clinical Importance
Beraprost sodium treatment was well tolerated and safe in cats with CKD. BPS inhibited the reduction in renal filtration function as measured by sCr increase. 相似文献86.
Bluefin tuna maintain a higher body temperature than ambient sea water. Body heat is derived mainly from metabolic heat to
elevate and maintain regional body temperature that is higher than the ambient, while heat loss is caused by heat transfer
throughout the whole body surface and gills. Retention of high body temperature is thought to differ at each growth stage,
so that a larger body mass maintains a higher body temperature. We evaluated the whole-body heat transfer coefficient, thermal
difference between each tissue and water temperature, and metabolic heat in tissues during swimming of juvenile bluefin tuna
as a function of fork length (FL) using a small thermometer and a treadmill-type flow tank. A system for maintaining high
body temperature was well developed in fish with FL greater than 20.0 cm. Whole-body heat transfer coefficient was fitted
to a −0.695 power of mass. Juvenile bluefin tuna showed a transition speed of 3.0 FL/s at which they switched from aerobic
to anaerobic motion. 相似文献
87.
88.
Conclusions When the hydroxyl values of materials containing phenolic 3 or sterically hindered hydroxyl groups were determined by the esterification method, the values were considerably smaller than the theoretical values. In contrast, the NCO method provided hydroxyl values much closer to the theoretical values for such materials, though the values varied depending on the kinds and amounts of catalysts.The quantity of hydroxyl groups reacting with the NCO group could be directly determined by the NCO method using a catalyst mixture consisting of DABCO and DBTDL in a molar ratio of 21. Therefore, this method can be considered useful for determining the hydroxyl value before preparing polyurethane from liquefied wood or bark.Part of this paper was presented at the 51st Annual Meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Tokyo, April 1988 相似文献
89.
The current knowledge of Racodium snow blight, one of the major snow blight diseases in Japan, is reviewed. This disease was discovered in Aomori Prefecture in 1951. The causal fungus (Racodium therryanum) is distributed in the Ao layer and affects the seedlings and seeds of many conifers. Hence, it is considered one of the inhibitors of the natural regeneration in the forests of Hokkaido. The perspectives for future research on this disease are discussed. 相似文献
90.
Masanori KOBAYASHI Chie TSUZUKI Marika KOBAYASHI Hinano TSUCHIYA Yume YAMASHITA Kanako UENO Moe ONOZAWA Masato KOBAYASHI Eiichi KAWAKAMI Tatsuya HORI 《The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science》2021,83(7):1044
Oxidative stress owing to an imbalance between reactive oxygen species and antioxidants, such as coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10), is a major contributor to male infertility. We investigated the effects of the reduced form of CoQ10 (ubiquinol) supplementation on semen quality in dogs with poor semen quality. Three dogs received 100 mg of ubiquinol orally once daily for 12 weeks. Semen quality, serum testosterone, and seminal plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were examined at 2-week intervals from 2 weeks before ubiquinol supplementation to 4 weeks after the treatment. Ubiquinol improved sperm motility, reduced morphologically abnormal sperm, and increased seminal plasma SOD activity; however, it had no effect on testosterone level, semen volume, and sperm number. Ubiquinol supplementation could be used as a non-endocrine therapy for infertile dogs. 相似文献