Aeromonas hydrophila-related septicemia in the Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

From diseased wild and cultured Oreochromis niloticus in Lower Egypt, 17 Aeromonas hydrophila isolates were recovered. The mortality was between 10% and 70% in among cultured fish. The course of the disease ran in an acute manner. For cultured fish, the disease outbreaks were found mainly in winter and for the wild Nile fish, mortalities were observed in late spring and summer. Additionally wild fish were affected with ectoparasites. The LD50 values of the isolates ranged between 10(3) and 10(7). Isolates of high virulence were resistant to 1 hr boiling and to the bactericidal effect of fresh normal guinea pig serum. Moreover, they did not agglutinate in acriflavin. Only the virulent isolates could agglutinate tilapia erythrocytes. The above effects were reversed for avirulent isolates while moderately virulent isolates showed no consistency in their reactions. Tube agglutination test using O and WC antisera prepared against 6 isolates versus O and WC antigens of 17 isolates indicated an antigenic heterogenicity of different isolates. While some isolates were identical, 4 antigens out of 17 did not react with any of the sera.     

新出现和再流行的禽病

家禽疾病一直对社会经济和公众健康产生重要影响。近年来，人们对于食源性细菌感染和抗药菌株的出现更加关注，而且在一些国家中还掀起了重大的政治事件。本就新出现和再次流行的家禽疾病综述了其主要的研究进展。     

Polygalacturonase-inhibiting protein (PGIP) from Japanese pear: possible involvement in resistance against scab

Venturia nashicola is the causal agent of scab, a fungal disease affecting Asian pears. The Japanese pear cv. ‘Kousui’ is highly susceptible to the race 1 of this fungus whereas the cv. ‘Kinchaku’ and the non-host European pear cv. ‘Flemish Beauty’ are resistant. The aim of this work is to investigate the role of polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) of pear during the interactions with V. nashicola leading to susceptibility or resistance. PGIP protein was detected from immature fruit of Kousui and Kinchaku. It showed a molecular mass of 42 kDa that shifted to 35 kDa after chemical deglycosylation. The gene pgip was amplified by PCR using genomic DNA and/or cDNA from young leaves of Kousui, Kinchaku, and European pear cvs. Flemish Beauty, ‘Bartlett’, and an Asian wild pear strain ‘Mamenashi 12’, then sequenced after sub-cloning. Some conserved variations were identified in the sequence indicating that gene family also exists in pgip of Japanese pear and confirmed by Southern blot analysis. The expression of PGIP was studied in scab-inoculated leaves of the susceptible Kousui and the resistant Kinchaku and Flemish Beauty. pgip Gene and its encoding protein were highly and rapidly activated in these resistant plants. In addition, PGIP extracts derived from Kinchaku and Flemish Beauty partially inhibited the activity of polygalacturonase (PG) from V. nashicola suggesting a possible role of PGIP in limiting fungal growth frequently observed in these resistant cultivars.     

Bio-efficacy of bacterial insecticide,Bacillus thuringiensis Berl. as biological control agent against snails vectors of Schistosomiasis in Egypt

The molluscicidal activity of Thuricide used as bacterial insecticide,Bacillus thuringiensis, againstBiomphalaria alexandrina andBulunus truncatus was tested.The obtained results indicate that Thuricide possess a mollus-cicidal activity against both snails species.B. truncatus was more sensitive to the action of Thuricide. However the slope function of the LC₅₀ forB. alexandrina was significantly higher than that forB. truncatus. The mortality rate of exposedB. alexandrina increased by increasing the exposure time.     

Production and Germination of Oospores of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary in Morocco

One hundred and eight isolates of Phytophthora infestans were collected from infected potato and tomato crops in the middle-north of Morocco during 1997–2000. Pairings of these isolates with tester isolates of mating type A1 and A2 revealed that 60% of the isolates were mating type A2 (65/108) and 40% were mating type A1. After 10 days incubation at 20 °C and a 16-h photoperiod, approximately 25% and 18% of the oospores produced in-vitro germinated in potato soil extract and potato root extract, respectively. Oospores were observed in potato leaf tissues in pairings that were fertile in-vitro. Maximum production of oospores was obtained in potato leaves of cultivars that were moderately susceptible (Desirée, Nicola) after 10 days of incubation at 15 °C and a 16-h photoperiod. These results confirm the presence of P. infestans strains that are sexually compatible under Moroccan climatic conditions. Production of oospores constitutes a threat for these crops because of the occurrence of recombinants with new virulences which may be difficult to control and as a consequence survival of oospores in absence of the host plant in the soil.     

Serological investigations of peste des petits ruminants among cattle in the Sudan

Tropical Animal Health and Production - During 2015 and 2016, from five different States of the Sudan, a total of 1000 cattle sera were purposively collected from many herds of apparently healthy...     

Comparative effectiveness of Sumaq and Neem extract cream,Eniloconazole and glycerine iodine on dermatophytosis in Arabian horses: a randomized clinical trial

Dermatophytosis is a contagious fungal disease among animal communities. The major concerns of dermatophytosis are cost of treatment, difficulty of control, and the public health consequences. The objective of the present study was to compare the clinical efficacy of Sumaq and Neem extract cream with that of traditional treatments, eniloconazole and glycerine iodine, on dermatophytosis in Arabian horses. For this purpose, 37 Arabian horses with dermatophytosis had been used. Fungal isolation and identification for each horse were carried out by standard microbiological procedures. Sumaq (Rhus coriaria Linn.) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) seed extracts were selected based on in vitro effectiveness. Horses were randomly allocated into four groups. The first group (n?=?8) was treated with glycerine iodine 10% daily for 7 days. The second group (n?=?10) was treated using eniloconazole 10% emulsified concentrate four times with 2 days interval. The third group (n?=?11) was treated with Neem seeds extract (20% cream) daily for 10 days, and the fourth group (n?=?8) was treated with Sumaq extract (5% cream) daily for 10 days. Clinical and mycological evaluations were assessed at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post-treatment. The Sumaq and eniloconazole were more effective on clinical index score after 7 days of treatment followed by Neem seed 20% cream. At 28 days post-treatment, a complete healing was obtained by Sumaq 5% cream and eniloconazole (median clinical sum score?=?zero) followed by Neem (median clinical sum score?=?1.5). Moreover, Dermatophytes spp. was isolated only from two horses, one from Neem group and the other from glycerin iodine group. The present results indicate that Sumaq 5% and Neem seed extract are effective alternative treatment for dermatophytosis in Arabian horses.