Ochracenoids A and B,Guaiazulene-Based Analogues from Gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea Collected from the South China Sea

Two new guaiazulene-based analogues, ochracenoids A (1) and B (2), along with four known analogues (3–6), were isolated from the gorgonian Anthogorgia ochracea collected from the South China Sea. The planar structures of the new compounds were elucidated by comprehensive spectroscopic data. The absolute configuration of 1 was determined as 3R by the comparison of TDDFT calculated electronic circular dichroism with its experimental spectrum. Compound 1 is a rare guaiazulene-based analogue possessing a unique C₁₆ skeleton. The possible generation process of 1 through an intermolecular one-carbon-transfer reaction was also discussed. Compound 2 was previously described as a presumed intermediate involved in the biogenesis of anthogorgienes A and I. Compound 3 exhibited antiproliferative effects on the embryo development of zebrafish Danio rerio.     

Study on differences of reaction behavior of phenolic hydroxyl groups with vinyl sulfone reactive dyes and monochlorotriazine reactive dyes

Using p-methylphenol as a model compound for phenolic hydroxyl groups on silk fibroin, the reaction kinetics of two typical of reactive dyes including vinyl sulfone reactive dyes and monochlorotriazine reactive dyes with phenolic hydroxyl groups were studied by reverse phase ion-pair high-performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that, the reaction rates of monochlorotriazine reactive dyes with phenolic hydroxyl groups were by far faster than those of vinyl sulfone reactive dyes, attributed to the stability of resultants from the former. The optimum reaction conditions for phenolic hydroxyl groups with vinyl sulfone reactive dyes and monochlorotriazine reactive dyes were at 50–70 °C and pH=8–9 for the former, and at 85–95 °C and pH=8–9 for the latter. The methods and results in this paper would help to deeply study the reaction mechanisms of reactive dyes with silk fibroin.     

Effects of environment parameters on sol-gel transition and dry-spinnability of regenerated silk fibroin aqueous solution

Protein concentration, pH, the types and concentrations of metallic ions, and extensional flow are thought to be important environment parameters affecting the natural spinning process. In this study, we investigate the effects of the types and concentrations of metallic ions (Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, and K⁺ ions), pH, and silk fibroin concentration on the sol-gel transition and the rheological behavior of a regenerated silk fibroin (RSF) aqueous solution. The results show that with an increase in the silk fibroin concentration, the weak acidic RSF aqueous solutions containing Mg²⁺ or Ca²⁺ ions undergo a phase transition to a weak gel state. Moreover, the rheological characterization of RSF aqueous solutions shows a dramatic change, and their apparent viscosities increase by almost three orders of magnitude and approach the apparent viscosity of the native dope in the silkworm gland. By using conventional pressure equipment, we investigate the dry-spinnability of weak gels. Further, we observe that the as-spun fibers exhibit a smooth surface and have inferior mechanical properties. The structure of the as-spun fibers is predominantly in a random coil or Silk I conformation.     

The synthesis of core-shell monodisperse P(St-MAA) microspheres and fabrication of photonic crystals Structure with Tunable Colors on polyester fabrics

The core-shell monodisperse P(St-MAA) microspheres with different diameters ranging from 200 nm to 400 nm were prepared by soap-free emulsion copolymerization, in which styrene (St) and methacrylic acid (MAA) were polymerizable monomers, and ammonium persulfate (APS) acted as initiator. The diameters and monodispersity of P(St-MAA) microspheres could be controlled by adjusting the concentrations of styrene, methacrylic acid and ammonium persulfate. The core-shell structure and chemical component distribution of the P(St-MAA) microspheres were confirmed by TEM and XPS. The photonic crystals on polyester fabrics with three-dimensionally ordered arrangement were fabricated by self-assembly of gravitational sedimentation with P(St-MAA) microspheres and exhibited brilliant structural colors without any chemical dyes and pigments. SEM, TEM and crystallographic analysis were applied to confirm a face centered cubic (fcc) structure of the photonic crystals on polyester fabrics. The versatile structural colors of the photonic crystals were dependent on the photonic band-gap which could be regulated by the spherical size of P(St-MAA) microspheres and viewing angles. This technology may provide a new strategy to color the fabrics and reduce the pollution in the current textile industry.     

Water-Soluble Polysaccharides Extracted from Pueraria lobata Delay Aging of Caenorhabditis elegans under Heat Stress

Plant Foods for Human Nutrition - Pueraria lobata is a perennial legume, commonly used as a food source in China. The polysaccharides extracted from P. lobata have demonstrated various biological...     

种植密度对春玉米灌浆期光合特性及产量的影响

[目的]揭示玉米（Zea mays L.）光合生理指标和产量间的关系,以期为玉米高产、高效生产及合理密植提供理论依据和技术支持.[方法]研究了3个春玉米品种（紧凑型品种铁研124和郑单958,半紧凑型品种丹玉39）在4.5万、6.0万、7.5万株/hm2种植密度条件下灌浆期光合特性和产量的变化.[结果]种植密度对春玉米灌浆期光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度有负影响;铁研124与郑单958在7.5万株/hm2种植密度下均获得了较高的产量,丹玉39在6.0万株/hm2种植密度下产量最高.相关分析表明,铁研124与郑单958的群体产量与单株光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈负相关;丹玉39的群体产量与单株光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈正相关.[结论]郑单958与铁研124的产量增加得宜于群体数量的增加,适宜密植.丹玉39主要来源于单株产量,不适宜密植.     

芝麻单株产量及其构成因素与主要农艺性状的关系

利用相关性和灰色关联分析方法,对芝麻单株产量及其构成因素与主要农艺性状的关系进行了研究。结果表明:株蒴数是单株产量的最主要决定因素;有效蒴、果轴长、果节数是单株产量及其构成要素联系紧密的农艺性状;现蕾期、成熟期是单株产量及其构成要素联系紧密的生育期因素。因此在新品种选育上应注重现蕾开花早、生育期长、果轴长、果节数多、单株蒴果多特别是有效蒴果多的品系。     

轴流泵运行工况和叶顶间隙对叶顶泄漏涡轨迹的影响

采用SST k-ω湍流模型模拟和旋涡强度方法,对某一轴流泵模型泵叶轮叶顶区流场和叶顶泄漏涡轨迹进行了数值计算,分析了运行工况和叶顶间隙两个因素对轴流泵叶顶泄漏涡运动轨迹的影响.数值模拟结果表明,随着流量增大,轴流泵叶顶泄漏涡的涡核轨迹起点由叶尖向叶片翼型中部逐渐移动.随着流量的增大,叶片流道内的流动方向发生偏移,叶顶泄漏涡在主流的卷吸下,运动轨迹随之变化,涡轨迹线的斜率受叶轮内主流的影响而变大.随着叶顶间隙增大,泄漏涡的卷吸程度逐渐增强,影响范围增大,涡核的起点由叶片前缘逐渐向后缘移动,且涡核的压力逐渐降低,因此在大间隙时涡带更易出现空化现象.当叶顶间隙达到1.5 mm时,轴流泵在0.9Qd工况附近出现驼峰现象,说明叶顶泄漏涡对驼峰区不稳定流场具有重要的影响.     

重型立式车床转台流固耦合传热数值模拟与实验

采用流固耦合的数值方法研究了重型立式车床转台的耦合传热特性,使传热外边界条件变成内边界条件,更符合实际工况。给出了转速范围在5~50 r/min内的空气流场,以及工作台、底座和静压油膜的温度场分布。数值模拟结果表明转速提高使静压油膜温度升高,承载能力下降,加强了散热面对流,且高转速时底座的散热量被低估,但散热面温度没有显著升高,加重了工作台和底座热集中。同时,工作台数值模拟结果与红外线热像仪测量数据吻合较好,说明数值模拟结果符合物理原理,扩展了流固耦合传热的应用范围,使立式车床的散热情况分析结果更加可靠和精确。     

不同竹炭施用量对稻田甲烷和氧化亚氮排放的影响

以来源于竹材废弃物的生物炭为试验材料,采集宁绍平原典型稻田土壤进行水稻盆栽试验,探究不同竹炭施用量条件下生物炭对稻田温室气体排放的影响。研究结果表明:与空白对照处理相比,来源于竹材废弃物的生物质经炭化后还田对稻田温室气体CH4和N2O排放有显著的抑制作用,且减排效果随着竹炭施用量的增加而增强,生物炭处理的水稻产量亦比空白和常规施肥处理有所提高。施用竹炭条件下,CH4和N2O季节累积排放量比对照处理分别降低了58.2%~91.7%和25.8%~83.8%;相对常规施肥处理而言,降低幅度分别高达64.3%~92.9%和72.3%~93.9%。这可能是由于竹炭所包含的有机碳高度芳香化而具有生物化学和热稳定性,同时竹炭有很大的比表面积和表面吸附能,竹炭的施用可能改善了水稻土理化特性并抑制相关微生物的活性,从而降低了稻田温室气体排放。