心尖锚的力学分析

设计了一种六齿镍钛合金锚钩用于封堵器等二尖瓣、三尖瓣返流修复系统的心尖固定,并对其力学特性进行研究.通过分析心脏结构及解剖数据,确定锚钩形状和可控尺寸设计变量,利用Solidworks建立锚钩3D模型,运用Abaqus软件对23个不同尺寸锚钩模型的入鞘过程进行有限元计算,分析锚钩入鞘过程中的最大入鞘力、最大冯米塞斯应变和入鞘轨迹的影响因素.制作了一种规格锚钩实物,与计算结果进行对比分析.结果表明:鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽对应力、应变的影响最大,可以通过减小鞘部长度、鞘部角度及齿宽,有效降低最大应力、应变值;厚度、曲率半径及齿宽对入鞘力起到决定性作用,而根长和角度对入鞘力的影响很小;轴向刺入深度主要通过控制鞘部长度及鞘部角度来定义,径向刺入深度则由曲率半径的大小所决定.研究可为需心尖固定的心脏介入产品设计提供一定的借鉴意义.     

利用酵母双杂交系统筛选与草莓镶脉病毒移动蛋白P1互作的寄主因子

 构建感染草莓镶脉病毒(SVBV)森林草莓的酵母cDNA文库,利用酵母双杂交系统,筛选出与SVBV P1蛋白互作的15种寄主因子。生物信息学分析发现,这15种寄主因子参与茉莉酸途径、泛素化、光合作用、抗病抗逆、蛋白修饰、蛋白运输和氧化还原等多种生物过程。另外,这些寄主因子还具有其他分子功能,包括氧化还原酶活性、蛋白二硫化物异构酶活性和金属离子结合活性等。本研究初步探讨了P1与寄主因子的互作机理,为揭示SVBV侵染森林草莓以及SVBV在寄主中扩展的分子机制提供理论依据。     

Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on agricultural exports

The COVID-19 outbreak has shocked the world's economies in the year of 2020. As this pandemic spreads around the globe, many experts feared that the global food supplies might start running short, especially if supply chains were disrupted. COVID-19 also added to the uncertainty of the business operation. Therefore, it is critical to understand how COVID-19 pandemic affected global food supply and market. In this study, we investigate the impact of COVID-19 on agricultural export companies in China using a unique firm-level survey data. We found that although on average agricultural businesses experienced declines in the exports, exports of some agricultural products especially grain and oil held strong and even increased, implying the essential demand for staple food during the pandemic. Not surprisingly, exports of medicinal herb also increased significantly during the pandemic. However, exports of goods such as edible fungus and horticultural products sharply decreased. Our results also showed that in general, impact of COVID-19 on smaller firms was more severe than that on larger firms. The results of this study can provide useful guidance and implications for agricultural businesses and policy makers on their COVID-19 mitigation efforts to navigate this global pandemic.     

Effect of dietary calcium or phosphorus deficiency on bone development and related calcium or phosphorus metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary calcium (Ca) or phosphorus (P) deficiency on bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age based on our previous study, which indicated that dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development by regulating related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. A total of 504 one-day-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments with 7 replicates in a completely randomized design, and fed the normal control and Ca- or P-deficient diets from 1 to 21 days of age. At 22 days of age, the broilers were further fed the normal control diet (0.90% Ca+0.35% non-phytate P (NPP)), the P-deficient diet (0.90% Ca+0.18% NPP), the Ca-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.35% NPP) or the Ca and P-deficient diet (0.30% Ca+0.18% NPP), respectively. The results showed that dietary Ca or P deficiency decreased (P<0.05) tibia bone mineral density (BMD), bone breaking strength (BBS), ash content, tibia ash Ca content and serum P content on days 28 and 42, but increased (P<0.05) tibia alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of broilers on day 42 compared with the control group. Furthermore, the broilers fed the P-deficient diet had the lowest (P<0.05) tibia BMD, BBS, ash content, serum P content and the highest (P<0.05) serum Ca content on day 28 compared with those fed the Ca-deficient or Ca and P-deficient diets. The results from the present study indicated that the bone development and related Ca or P metabolic utilization parameters of broilers were the most sensitive to dietary P deficiency, followed by dietary Ca deficiency or Ca and P-deficiency; dietary Ca or P deficiency impaired the bone development possibly by regulating serum Ca and P contents as well as tibia Ca content and ALP activity of broilers from 22 to 42 days of age.     

Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens

We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control.     

文心兰高效再生体系的建立

[目的]建立文心兰高效再生体系,为利用转基因技术进行品种改良提供科学依据.[方法]以文心兰柠檬绿的无菌苗叶片为材料,探讨不同植物生长调节剂配比对其原球茎诱导的影响,开展增殖、生根及移栽研究,建立其高效稳定的再生体系.[结果]影响文心兰原球茎诱导的3种植物生长调节剂主次排序为萘乙酸(NAA)>噻苯隆(TDZ)>6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-BA),在1/2MS培养基中添加0.5 mg/L NAA、0.5 mg/L 6-BA和0.3 mg/L TDZ的诱导率最高,达48.0%.培养基中活性炭含量及碳水化合物种类对文心兰原球茎增殖的影响存在明显差异,不同活性炭含量处理间的原球茎增殖系数存在显著差异(P<0.05,下同),添加1.0 g/L活性炭较添加0.5 g/L活性炭的增殖系数显著升高,不同碳水化合物种类间的原球茎增殖系数排序为海藻糖>麦芽糖>蔗糖,最佳增殖和分化培养基为1/2MS+4.0 mg/L 6-BA+0.4 mg/L NAA+1.0 g/L活性炭+20 g/L海藻糖.添加10%椰子水的文心兰幼苗生根数显著高于添加10%香蕉汁和10%苹果汁,每株平均生根量接近4.00条,即生根效果最佳的培养基为1/2MS+0.8 mg/L 6-BA+0.2 mg/L NAA+10%椰子水.移栽过程中根部用水苔包裹后再移至椰糠中,保证光照、水分适宜,适当添加缓释肥,移栽成活率可达100%.[结论]利用海藻糖或麦芽糖作为碳源的文心兰原球茎增殖效果较优,生根数和生根质量优势明显;不同植物生长调节剂配比、碳源和有机物的添加对文心兰组织培养具有明显的促进效果.     

灌溉方式与基施磷素对设施黄瓜产量的影响

以黄瓜为试材,采用小区试验对比的方法,研究了滴灌和畦灌条件下不同磷素用量对秋季大棚黄瓜产量的影响,以期为提高秋季大棚黄瓜产量提供参考依据。结果表明:滴灌大棚的黄瓜生长状况明显好于畦灌大棚,商品黄瓜产量显著提高(P0.05),各阶段用水总量278.3 mm,节水达41%。畦灌条件下,不施磷肥处理黄瓜果实产量显著低于磷肥处理(P0.05);滴灌条件下,过量的磷肥施用(P2O5100 kg·hm~(-2))导致黄瓜果实产量和品质显著下降(P0.05)。由此可见,滴灌条件下合理施用磷肥能够降低水资源消耗,提高磷肥利用效率,有利于黄瓜品质和产量的提升。     

5种蔷薇科树种多酚氧化酶比较基因组学分析

蔷薇科植物中有多种具有重要价值的水果,如苹果、梨、桃、草莓和黑树莓等。这些水果普遍容易发生由多酚氧化酶(PPO)介导的酶促褐变而导致重大经济损失,从全基因组角度分析比较PPO基因家族,有助于加深对PPO基因家族和功能的认识。采用比较基因组学的方法,对这5种植物的PPO基因家族进行了基因鉴定、染色体定位、编码蛋白的亚细胞定位、内含子统计分析、基因系统进化、基因倍增与丢失等特征分析。从这5种植物中,共计鉴定出了42个PPO基因,其中6个基因被认定是假基因;绝大多数基因编码的蛋白定位于叶绿体,2个定位于线粒体,3个是分泌型蛋白;PPO基因在染色体上有串联重复和散布两种形式;9个基因具有内含子,聚类结果显示可以将它们分为6个类型,每个基因类型在进化过程中都发生过基因倍增和丢失;同型基因内含子的位置和大小具有相似性。这些结果揭示蔷薇科植物PPO基因内含子是伴随着基因倍增产生的,基因倍增也是推动PPO基因多样化的重要动力,PPO基因倍增和丢失差异导致PPO基因数量在不同物种之间产生差异。     

miR-204 inhibits proliferation of Hodgkin lymphoma cells by targeting Sirt1/p53 signaling pathway

AIM: To investigate the effect of microRNA-204 (miR-204) on the proliferation of Hodgkin lymphoma cells and the underlying mechanism. METHODS: The expression of miR-204 and Sirt1 mRNA in Hodgkin lymphoma tissues was detected by RT-qPCR. After transfection with miR-204 mimic, Sirt1 siRNA and miR-204 mimic+pcDNA3.1-Sirt1 into the L428 cells, the cell viability and BrdU incorporation were measured by CCK-8 assay and BrdU assay, respectively. The protein levels of Sirt1 and acetylated p53 (ac-p53) were determined by Western blot.The targeting relationship between miR-204 and Sirt1 was verified by double luciferase reporter assay. RESULTS: The low expression of miR-204 and the high mRNA expression of Sirt1 were found in the Hodgkin lymphoma tissues. Compared with control group, the cell viability, BrdU incorporation and the protein levels of Sirt1 and ac-p53 were significantly decreased after L428 cells were transfected with miR-204 mimic or Sirt1 siRNA (P<0.05). Compared with miR-204 mimic alone group, the cell viability, BrdU incorporation and the protein levels of Sirt1 and ac-p53 were increased after L428 cells were co-transfected with miR-204 mimic and pcDNA3.1-Sirt1 (P<0.05). The results of double luciferase reporter assay confiermed that Sirt1 was the target gene of miR-204. CONCLUSION: The inhibitory effect of miR-204 on the proliferation of L428 cells may be achieved by inhibiting the expression of Sirt1 and promoting the up-regulation of ac-p53.     

香蕉与B基因组相关的SCAR标记研究

香蕉(Musa L.)是由2个二倍体野生种Musa acuminata Colla(AA基因型)和Musa balbisiana Colla(BB基因型)种内或种间杂交进化而来,其B基因组中带有重要的优良基因。利用与香蕉B基因组相关的gypsy-IRAP分子标记,成功开发了一对SCAR引物,适用于鉴定尖叶蕉(AAw)、长梗蕉(BB)、香牙蕉(AAA)、贡蕉(AAcv)、大蕉、粉蕉(ABB)、粉大蕉(ABB)、龙牙蕉(AAB)以及四倍体香蕉(AAAB)等是否含有B基因组。