Characteristics for Practical Use of Attenuated Isolate UA-Fukushima of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato mosaic virus</Emphasis>

L₁₁A-Fukushima (L₁₁A-F) derived from attenuated isolate LuA of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has the highest ability to cross protect against virulent ToMV among LuA and its derivatives and is stably inherited. Growth, yield, fruit quality and symptom attenuation of inoculated tomato plants did not differ significantly between L₁₁A-F and L₁₁A. The infectivity of progeny viruses in tomato infected with LuA-F was less than 4% of that with virulent ToMV. From these results, L₁₁A-F appears to possess the properties necessary for practical use. To manage L₁₁A-F strictly, a PCR-based assay to detect trace contamination of virulent ToMV in L₁₁A-F preparations was established. Received 10 June 2002/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 2002     

Effects of Latent Infection of Stock Plants and Abundance of Thrips on the Occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato spotted wilt virus </Emphasis>in Chrysanthemum Fields

DAS-ELISA proved to be reliable enough to detect a latent infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in asymptomatic stock plants of chrysanthemum. A high density of Frankliniella occidentalis, the predominant vector, in the presence of latently infected stock plants resulted in a high incidence of disease in the chrysanthemum production field. The incidence of disease was low when the vector thrips were not abundant in spite of the presence of latently infected stock plants. These results suggest that an infestation of the vector thrips causes severe secondary spread of TSWV originating from latently infected stock plants in chrysanthemum production fields. Received 27 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 November 2001     

不同栽培方式对生菜产量及品质的影响

采用土壤栽培、有机生态型无土栽培、无机耗能型无土栽培三种栽培方式，进行生菜三次采收四层立体栽培试验。结果表明：采用有机生态型无土栽培进行生菜分次采收立体栽培，可有效降低产品中硝酸盐含量，提高根冠比和相对生长速率，变一次性收获为三次采收，可使每盘产量提高30％以上，变平面栽培为4层立体栽培，使温室复种指数提高4倍。     

苹果梨中多酚氧化酶酶学特性的研究

 以苹果梨中的多酚氧化酶为研究对象, 对其酶的活性变化及其特性的研究表明, 苹果梨中的多酚氧化酶的最适pH 值是4. 6 , 最适温度是40 ℃; 亚硫酸氢钠、维生素C、柠檬酸对苹果梨中多酚氧化酶的抑制作用依次减弱, 硫酸钠几乎无抑制作用。不同底物和同底物不同浓度影响多酚氧化酶特性。     

黄瓜无毛突变体的生理特性研究

 黄瓜无毛突变体与普通黄瓜相比, 幼苗的各种性状均没有明显变化; 成株矮化明显, 雌花数降低, 产量明显下降, 但雌花节率没有明显变化, 蒸腾速率、气孔导度较高, 其他光合作用指标没有明显变化。遗传研究表明, 无毛性状是由一对核基因控制的隐性性状。     

杏花器官组织抗寒性研究

通过人工模拟霜害试验,研究了杏花抗寒性与花器官组织结构的关系,并统计了冻害率。结果表明:4个仁用杏品种的抗寒性由强到弱为优一、白玉扁、一窝蜂、龙王帽;在同一朵花中,抗寒性强弱为花瓣>雄蕊>雌蕊;未接种冰核细菌的花比接菌的抗寒性强。-3℃低温处理后,各品种的子房显微结构均受到不同程度的破坏。     

桃流胶病研究进展

流胶病为桃树生产上的主要病害之一,发生普遍,危害严重。综述了引起桃流胶病的致病菌种类,病原菌的发生与侵染规律,组织病理学研究,田间自然条件与人工接种的抗性鉴定及筛选出的抗性品种,所采取的综合防治措施,以及在抗性育种与抗病性筛选的生理生化指标方面的研究进展,并对今后的工作重点提出了建议。     

Indole-3-acetic acid biosynthesis in <Emphasis Type="Italic">Aciculosporium take</Emphasis>, a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo

 Aciculosporium take (Ascomycota; Clavicipitaceae) is a causal agent of witches' broom of bamboo plants. The symptoms of this disease are believed to be induced by plant hormones, particularly auxins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was identified in cultures of this fungus in an l-tryptophan-supplemented liquid medium. IAA production was confirmed on 30 isolates of A. take from various hosts and locations at levels up to 1 mg/l. The biosynthetic pathway of IAA in A. take culture was examined by analyzing intermediate products and by feeding experiments. The results showed that the indole-3-pyruvic acid pathway (l-tryptophan → indole-3-pyruvic acid → indole acetaldehyde → IAA) was the dominant pathway in A. take. Received: June 3, 2002 / Accepted: July 25, 2002     

Inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth by root-infecting fungi in soil of a rice paddy field

 Rice seedling growth, estimated by plant height and root development and discoloration, was better in pasteurized soil than in unpasteurized soil obtained from a flooded rice field. Rice seedlings also grew better in sterilized soil modified by adding roots harvested from the pasteurized soil than in soil modified by adding roots harvested from the unpasteurized soil. The results demonstrate that seedling growth in the rice field soil was inhibited by soil microorganisms, even though no typical symptoms such as seedling blight or damping-off appeared. Pythium aristosporum is suggested to be involved in the inhibition. Thus, it appears that inconspicuous restraint of rice seedling growth could occur in soils of rice paddy fields. Received: May 20, 2002 / Accepted: October 16, 2002 Acknowledgments The authors thank Dr. T. Ichitani, former professor at Osaka Prefectural University, for providing an isolate of Pythium aristosporum for comparison, and Mr. Mitsuaki Sato of Akita Prefectural College of Agriculture for technical assistance.