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81.
Specific ion effects (Hofmeister effects) have recently attracted the attention of soil scientists, and it has been found that ionic non-classic polarization plays an important role in the specific ion effect in soil. However, this explanation cannot be applied to H+. The aim of this work was to characterize the specific ion effect of H+ on variably charged soil (yellow soil) colloid aggregation. The total average aggregation (TAA) rate, critical coagulation concentration (CCC), activation energy, and zeta potential were used to characterize and compare the specific ion effects of H+, K+, and Na+. Results showed that strong specific ion effects of H+, K+, and Na+ existed in variably charged soil colloid aggregation. The TAA rate, CCC, and activation energy were sensitive to H+, and the addition of a small amount of H+ changed the TAA rate, CCC, and activation energy markedly. The zeta potential results indicated that the specific ion effects of H+, K+, and Na+ on soil colloid aggregation were caused by the specific ion effects of H+, K+, and Na+ on the soil electric field strength. In addition, the origin of the specific ion effect for H+ was its chemical adsorption onto surfaces, while those for alkali cations were non-classic polarization. This study indicated that H+, which occurs naturally in variably charged soils, will dominate variably charged soil colloid aggregation. 相似文献
82.
Xuebin Ma Tingting Xu Wei Chen Rui Wang Zheng Xu Zhiwen Ye Bo Chi 《Fibers and Polymers》2017,18(5):817-824
New applications call for many new requirements. In order to improve the toughness of aldehyde hyaluronic acid (A-HA) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) hydrogel, the poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) was added. PEG content and molecular weight have little effect on the gelation time, and the composite hydrogels can form in situ within 20 seconds at room temperature. The press test showed that the hydrogels containing PEG possessed a better compression resistance, after pressed more than five times, the composite hydrogels could restore. Rheological properties were measured to evaluate the working ability and the effect of PEG on hydrogels. By analyzing the shear viscosity (η γ=0.01), yield stress (σ 0) and threshold shear stress (σ c ), the addition of PEG can make the structure of composite hydrogels get loose and improve the shear resistance. Especially, PEG800 can enhance the antishear ability obviously. The amplitude sweep tests showed a broad linear viscoelastic region, indicating a wide processing range. In the meanwhile, we also found that PEG can improve the optical transmittance of xerogel evidently. 相似文献
83.
Xinying Zhang Yajing Wang Guirong Huang Fu Feng Xiaoying Liu Rui Guo Fengxue Gu Xin Hu Ziguang Yang Xiuli Zhong Xurong Mei 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2020,206(2):161-168
Great understanding of the genotypic difference in diurnal stomatal conductance (gs) pattern and the key determinants of the pattern is important for saving water by adopting cultivars appropriately. Fifteen wheat genotypes were studied under different soil conditions and various meteorological conditions with pot cultivation in rain shelter for two years. Genotype and air humidity were found to be key determinants of diurnal gs pattern. All genotypes under low relative humidity (LRH) and most genotypes under high relative humidity (HRH) displayed a gradual decline pattern from morning through the afternoon. Under moderate relative humidity (MRH), all genotypes present a single-peak curve pattern, but they differed in peak time, which may lead to unreliable gs comparison between genotypes and get ostensible contrasting materials. The stomatal conductance was significantly different among genotypes under LRH and the increased gs magnitude is also significantly different when it was compared between LRH and HRH. The present results provide new thinking for selecting and adopting appropriate cultivars with specific stomata traits for the area with various meteorological conditions. 相似文献
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87.
通过播期试验,对三江平原5个主栽水稻品种的品质性状进行分析。结果表明,播期对整精米率、垩白米率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、食味值均有影响,对糙米率、精米率影响较小。随着播期的推迟,整精米率明显降低,外观品质变劣,且二者呈极显著负相关;直链淀粉含量呈升高趋势,蛋白质含量则呈降低趋势;食味值变化因品种而异。对品质各性状的变异系数进行聚类分析,结果表明,垩白粒率、垩白度受播期影响最大,属于敏感性状;糙米率、精米率、食味值、直链淀粉含量和蛋白质含量受播期影响较小,属于迟钝性状;整精米率受播期影响变异幅度在二者之间。综合而言,早播对5个水稻品种整体品质提升具有正向作用;但从食味值角度出发,早熟品种龙粳31和龙粳46适当晚播可能更有利于口感的改善。 相似文献
88.
研究不同水肥滴灌条件对草莓品质的综合影响,为草莓高品质生产提供水肥管理依据.以灌水量(X1)和施肥量(X2)为试验因子,依据蒸腾量(ETc)设置4个灌水水平(W1:100%ETc、W2:85%ETc、W3:70%ETc、W4:55%ETc);依据目标产量(F0)设置3个施肥水平(F1:120%F0、F2:100%F0、F3:80%F0),完全组合共12个处理.测定草莓可溶性总糖、可溶性蛋白、维生素C、可溶性固形物、糖酸比、游离氨基酸、还原性糖、硝酸盐8个品质指标,解析水肥耦合对各品质指标的调控效应.各品质指标对水肥因素响应不一致,基于博弈论组合赋权中,单一指标权重最大是可溶性蛋白为0.1689,维生素C次之为0.1551,硝酸盐最小为0.0918;基于GRA-TOPSIS建立草莓品质综合评价,解析草莓综合品质对水肥因素响应模型,可知,水肥交互作用显著,且施肥效应强于灌水.当灌水量控制在2 003~2566m3.hm-2,施肥量控制在1 878~2 195 kg.hm-2时,草莓综合品质最佳. 相似文献
89.
为调查部分省份牛结核病(bTB)的流行情况,我们在山东等14个省份34个历史上疫情较重的县共129个场户采集牛全血2 201份,采用CO2培养箱或蜡罐方法进行bTBγ-干扰素检测,结果显示样品的个体阳性率为6.4%,群阳性率为42.6%。饲养模式对bTB感染影响的统计显示较大规模场的个体阳性率(6.9%)和群阳性率(60%)均高于散养户(分别为5.7%和35.6%)。而牦牛样品的检测结果均为阴性。5个牛群的禽型PPD阳性统计结果显示牛型PPD阳性率越高,则禽型PPD阳性牛在牛型PPD阳性牛中的所占比率越低。在所有阳性牛群中,阳性率≥10%的牛群所占比例高达81.8%(45/55),bTB感染呈现出一个"群发性"的特征。 相似文献
90.
通过对海南省文昌市南阳镇、琼海市大路镇、乐东县黄流镇3个地区‘马来西亚1号’菠萝蜜叶片氮、磷、钾3种营养元素的周年变化规律跟踪调查分析,结果表明:3个地区菠萝蜜叶片营养元素变化规律相似。元素年平均含量表现为氮>钾>磷。根据实际生产中的生育期调研分析,将菠萝蜜的生长周期大致划分为2个批次3个时期:第一批次养树期(11—12月)、花芽分化期(1—2月)、结果期(3—4月);第二批次养树期(5—6月)、花芽分化期(7—8月)、结果期(9—10月)。生长周期内,氮元素含量年变化呈现“N”字型变化趋势;磷含量在1—4月呈先上升后下降的趋势,随后呈缓慢上升趋势;钾含量变化趋势与氮含量变化相似,但钾元素含量变化没有氮元素变化明显。菠萝蜜叶片中大量元素含量的适宜范围为:全氮21.03~22.15 g/kg,全磷2.86~3.40 g/kg,全钾13.49~14.47 g/kg。在生长发育过程中,菠萝蜜需氮、钾元素较多,特别是在花芽分化期和结果期,应注意增施氮肥与钾肥,磷肥应于养树期施足。 相似文献