Identification of a thyroid hormone receptor that is pituitary-specific

Three cellular homologs of the v-erbA oncogene were previously identified in the rat; two of them encode high affinity receptors for the thyroid hormone triiodothyronine (T3). A rat complementary DNA clone encoding a T3 receptor form of the ErbA protein, called r-ErbA beta-2, was isolated. The r-ErbA beta-2 protein differs at its amino terminus from the previously described rat protein encoded by c-erbA beta and referred to as r-ErbA beta-1. Unlike the other members of the c-erbA proto-oncogene family, which have a wide tissue distribution, r-erbA beta-2 appears to be expressed only in the anterior pituitary gland. In addition, thyroid hormone downregulates r-erbA beta-2 messenger RNA but not r-erbA beta-1 messenger RNA in a pituitary tumor-derived cell line. The presence of a pituitary-specific form of the thyroid hormone receptor that may be selectively regulated by thyroid hormone could be important for the differential regulation of gene expression by T3 in the pituitary gland.     

福建永泰李的栽培

李(Prunus Salicina,Lindl.)为蔷薇科(Rosaceae)樱属(Prunus)重要果树之一,系我国原产,栽培历史已有3,000余年,由于对风土适应性强,故南自广东,北至辽宁,几乎全国都有李的分布。李在本省分布亦广,如永泰,闽清,闽侯,幅安,霞浦,宁德,福鼎等县均有李的栽培,尤以永泰为最多。李在永泰县产区对农家经济收入占有很大比重,如该县二区埔埕乡果农反映,李一年丰产就可供全家三年生活。以永泰全县来说,李的生产,是占有重要经济地位的。1955年6月,我们利用暑期在李成熟期间,前往该县作李的栽培管理及加工情况调查,深入各主要产区向果农们学习,交流经验,现将调查所得加以整理报道,但限于我们的水平及时间,可能不够深入和全面,欢迎同志们批评与指正。     

An X chromosome gene, WTX, is commonly inactivated in Wilms tumor

Wilms tumor is a pediatric kidney cancer associated with inactivation of the WT1 tumor-suppressor gene in 5 to 10% of cases. Using a high-resolution screen for DNA copy-number alterations in Wilms tumor, we identified somatic deletions targeting a previously uncharacterized gene on the X chromosome. This gene, which we call WTX, is inactivated in approximately one-third of Wilms tumors (15 of 51 tumors). Tumors with mutations in WTX lack WT1 mutations, and both genes share a restricted temporal and spatial expression pattern in normal renal precursors. In contrast to biallelic inactivation of autosomal tumor-suppressor genes, WTX is inactivated by a monoallelic "single-hit" event targeting the single X chromosome in tumors from males and the active X chromosome in tumors from females.     

Detection of mutations in the 7A allele of wheat (Triticum aestivum) granule-bound starch synthase (Wx-7A) with a monoclonal antibody produced by targeted peptide immunisation

A peptide sequence unique for the granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS1) of hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum) was identified by sequence alignment of the three isoforms. Multiple antigenic peptides (MAP) of different length (16 and 20 AA) were synthesised against the selected sequence. The assessment of the immune response in mice against differently presented forms (resin-bound, free) and two types of adjuvants indicated that the free MAP with the longer peptide is more immunogenic. A 20AA MAP that elicited a strong immune response was used to produce a monoclonal antibody for the 7A isoform of GBSS 1. Epitope mapping of the selected Mab (F5-1F2) revealed that a 12mer partial sequence of the immunising peptide was specifically detected. Based on this Mab, a simple high throughput ELISA was developed that allows the quick identification of wheat lines carrying the 7A allele of GBSS 1 with minute amounts of sample.     

Recent developments in elucidating modes of resistance to phenylamide, DMI and strobilurin fungicides

Resistance risk assessment, analysis of resistance events and risk management are based on elements such as the mode of resistance in target organisms, similarity of inhibitors, detection methods for resistant individuals, and design and validation of product use strategies. The mode of resistance may be analysed in several steps including the molecular, genetic, biochemical, physiological, and population level. Historical and recent findings are described for phenylamide fungicides (PAFs), demethylation inhibitors (DMIs) in sterol biosynthesis and fungicides of the strobilurin-type action and resistance (STAR) group (Qo respiration inhibitors, QoIs) with regard to the site of resistance in target pathogens and the presence of resistant individuals in populations.     

Isolation,molecular characterization and antimicrobial susceptibility of Aeromonas spp. obtained from Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) fish in Sabah,Malaysia

Aeromonads are ubiquitous in aquatic environments and have been implicated in fish and human infections. In this study, we isolated, studied antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and screened the existence of 15 virulence genes in aeromonads from two famously consumed fish species—seven marine Tiger Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus) and eight freshwater Marble Goby (Oxyeleotris marmoratus) from the aquaculture hatchery in Sabah, Malaysia. A total of 30 aeromonads (17 A. caviae, 9 A. rivuli, 4 A. dhakensis) were identified using PCR targeting GCAT gene, rpoD‐restriction fragment length polymorphism and multi‐locus phylogenetic analysis. All 30 strains were resistant to amoxicillin and cephalothin and five strains were multidrug‐resistant. Nine virulence genes (lip, ela, eno, fla, aerA, hylA, dam, alt and ser) present in A. dhakensis, suggesting the virulence potential of this species as a fish pathogen. This study offers as a baseline for future studies in monitoring and managing these two fish in aquaculture industry.     

Artificial reefs as a reef restoration strategy in sediment‐affected environments: Insights from long‐term monitoring

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Case studies of spinal deformities in ornamental koi,Cyprinus carpio L.

This is a study of vertebral deformities in ornamental koi based on computed radiography and skeletons cleaned by dermestid beetles (Dermestes maculatus). All koi developed gradual onset of swimming abnormalities as adults. Extensive intervertebral osteophyte formation correlated with age of fish and was associated with hindquarter paresis in one koi. Vertebral compression and fusion were the most common spinal deformities occurring at multiple sites, similar to findings in other farmed fish. Site‐specific spinal deformities were thought to develop due to differences in swimming behaviour and rates of vertebral growth. One koi had offspring with spinal deformities. Spinal deformities are significant problems in both European and Australian food fish hatcheries. The heritability of vertebral deformities in farmed fish is reportedly low unless there is concurrent poor husbandry or nutritional deficiencies. The specific aetiologies for vertebral deformities in koi in this study could not be ascertained. Current knowledge on spinal deformities in the better studied European food fish species suggests multifactorial aetiologies. Future research should include prospective longitudinal studies of larger numbers of koi from hatch and consideration of all potential risk factors such as husbandry, nutrition, temperature, photoperiod and genetics.     

中国五大湖三角帆蚌群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析

用OPJ和OPM两组40条10碱基随机引物,对中国五大湖三角帆蚌地理群体及诸暨养殖蚌进行了随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)分析,其中12个引物的扩增结果具有丰富的群体多态性,多态率为55.6%～80%。群体内遗传相似度大小依次为:鄱阳湖(0.8889),太湖(0.8694),洞庭湖(0.8111),诸暨(0.7746),洪泽湖(0.7348),巢湖(0.7185)。依据群体间遗传距离指数及分子系统树,表明洞庭湖群体和洪泽湖群体亲缘关系最近,鄱阳湖群体则与巢湖群体的亲缘关系最近,并且诸暨人工养殖群体与鄱阳湖和巢湖的群体比较接近。