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91.
Nicolas Guillerault Géraldine Loot Simon Blanchet Paul Millet Camille Musseau Julien Cucherousset Frédéric Santoul 《Fisheries Management and Ecology》2021,28(5):486-495
Stocking and electrofishing occurrence and abundance data for northern pike Esox lucius L. in >3800 km of French rivers across 7 years were compared to assess the effect of recreational fisheries stocking programmes on wild pike populations. A positive relationship was found between the additive effect of stocking and the size of the stocked pike. However, the stocking programmes implemented in France by recreational fishery managers from 2008 to 2013 increased the probability of pike occurring in the river network, without increasing abundance in well-established pike populations, because pike stocked in their early-life stages were used in most of the stocking programmes. 相似文献
92.
93.
Rust resistance in the sunflower line P386 is controlled by Pu6, a gene which was reported to segregate independently from other rust resistant genes, such as R4. The objectives of this work were to map Pu6, to provide and validate molecular tools for its identification, and to determine the linkage relationship of Pu6 and R4. Genetic mapping of Pu6 with six markers covered 24.8 cM of genetic distance on the lower end of linkage Group 13 of the sunflower consensus map. The marker most closely linked to Pu6 was ORS316 at 2.5 cM in the distal position. ORS316 presented five alleles when was assayed with a representative set of resistant and susceptible lines. Allelism test between Pu6 and R4 indicated that both genes are linked at a genetic distance of 6.25 cM. This is the first confirmation based on an allelism test that at least two members of the Radv/R4/R11/ R13a/R13b/Pu6 cluster of genes are at different loci. A fine elucidation of the architecture of this complex locus will allow designing and constructing completely new genomic regions combining genes from different resistant sources and the elimination of the linkage drag around each resistant gene. 相似文献
94.
Laurent J. Lamarque Déborah Corso José M. Torres-Ruiz Eric Badel Timothy J. Brodribb Régis Burlett Guillaume Charrier Brendan Choat Hervé Cochard Gregory A. Gambetta Steven Jansen Andrew King Nicolas Lenoir Nicolas Martin-StPaul Kathy Steppe Jan Van den Bulcke Ya Zhang Sylvain Delzon 《Annals of Forest Science》2018,75(3):88
Key message
Direct, non-invasive X-ray microtomography and optical technique observations applied in stems and leaves of intact seedlings revealed that laurel is highly resistant to drought-induced xylem embolism. Contrary to what has been brought forward, daily cycles of embolism formation and refilling are unlikely to occur in this species and to explain how it copes with drought.Context
There has been considerable controversy regarding xylem embolism resistance for long-vesselled angiosperm species and particularly for the model species for refilling (Laurus nobilis L.).Aims
The purpose of this study was to resolve the hydraulic properties of this species by documenting vulnerability curves of different organs in intact plants.Methods
Here, we applied a direct, non-invasive method to visualize xylem embolism in stems and leaves of intact laurel seedlings up to 2-m tall using X-ray microtomography (microCT) observations and the optical vulnerability technique. These approaches were coupled with complementary centrifugation measurements performed on 1-m long branches sampled from adult trees and compared with additional microCT analyses carried out on 80-cm cut branches.Results
Direct observations of embolism spread during desiccation of intact laurels revealed that 50% loss of xylem conductivity (Ψ50) was reached at ??7.9?±?0.5 and ??8.4?±?0.3 MPa in stems and leaves, respectively, while the minimum xylem water potentials measured in the field were ??4.2 MPa during a moderate drought season. Those findings reveal that embolism formation is not routine in Laurus nobilis contrary to what has been previously reported. These Ψ50 values were close to those based on the flow-centrifuge technique (??9.2?±?0.2 MPa), but at odds with microCT observations of cut branches (??4.0?±?0.5 MPa).Conclusion
In summary, independent methods converge toward the same conclusion that laurel is highly resistant to xylem embolism regardless its development stage. Under typical growth conditions without extreme drought events, this species maintains positive hydraulic safety margin, while daily cycles of embolism formation and refilling are unlikely to occur in this species.95.
Coherent anti‐Stokes Raman scattering (CARS) spectroscopy in Caenorhabditis elegans and Globodera pallida: evidence for an ivermectin‐activated decrease in lipid stores
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96.
97.
Nicolas Mathevon Aaron Koralek Mary Weldele Stephen E Glickman Frédéric E Theunissen 《BMC ecology》2010,10(1):9
Background
Among mammals living in social groups, individuals form communication networks where they signal their identity and social status, facilitating social interaction. In spite of its importance for understanding of mammalian societies, the coding of individual-related information in the vocal signals of non-primate mammals has been relatively neglected. The present study focuses on the spotted hyena Crocuta crocuta, a social carnivore known for its complex female-dominated society. We investigate if and how the well-known hyena's laugh, also known as the giggle call, encodes information about the emitter. 相似文献98.
Fidèle Tiendrébéogo V.S. Edgar Traoré Jean-Michel Lett Nicolas Barro Gnissa Konaté Alfred S. Traoré Oumar Traoré 《Crop Protection》2010
The impact of okra leaf curl disease on four accessions of a local okra cultivar and four commercial okra cultivars was assessed in field conditions from June to October in 2007 and 2008. Disease incidence varied from 68.5% to 72.5% among accessions of the local cultivar while commercial cultivars were much less infected (8.7–16.2%). Diseased plants of the local cultivar suffered more reduced growth (58% reduction) than those of the commercial cultivars (39.6%). The number of marketable fruits per plant, the fruit length, fruit diameter and fruit weight which were subject to reductions of 26–61%, 19–64%, 6–42% and 23–63%, respectively. The overall yield losses were significantly higher in accessions of the local cultivar (26–55%) than in the commercial ones (4.4–9.6%). The average economic losses for one hectare of crop were estimated at of 11,100 USD and 1950 USD, respectively for the local and the commercial cultivars. 相似文献
99.
Macaire Dobo Nicolas Ayres Grace Walker Williams D. Park 《Journal of Cereal Science》2010,52(3):450-456
The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between waxy allelic forms and amylose in European and US rice germplasm. These allelic forms were defined according to the single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) found in the leader intron 5′ splice site (G → T), exon 6 (A → C) and exon 10 (C → T). The combination of these three SNPs accounted for 89.2% of the variation in apparent amylose content in a pedigree of 85 US rice varieties and 93.8% of the variation among 279 accessions in a European germplasm collection. The allelic forms TAC and TCC were found in low amylose varieties. All varieties with intermediate levels of apparent amylose had the GCC allele. High levels of apparent amylose varieties had either the GAT and GAC allele. The sequence AGTTATA in the intron 1 distinguished the low amylose varieties from the other classes regardless of any other base changes. Intermediate amylose varieties can be distinguished from those with high apparent amylose by changes in either exon 6 or exon 10. However the simplest interpretation of the data is that the tyrosine/serine change in exon 6 is responsible for the lower levels of Granule bound starch synthase (GBSS) protein and thus lower levels of amylose in intermediate vs. high amylose verities. 相似文献
100.
Jeannine Pizzol Bernard Pintureau Othman Khoualdia Nicolas Desneux 《Journal of pest science》2010,83(4):447-452
Parasitoids’ efficiency in controlling pests depends not only on their ability to parasitize their hosts but also on how much
they are adapted to climatic conditions (notably temperature) of the area where they are planned to be released. In addition,
the optimal conditions for production of parasitoids used for inundative releases like Trichogramma spp. may also vary largely as a function of strains. Using the parasitoid Trichogramma cacoeciae Marchal as biological model, we studied how temperature affects important parasitoid efficiency-related biological traits
under laboratory conditions. Emergence, mortality rates and fecundity of two strains of T. cacoeciae, one originating from France (Alsace) and the other one from Tunisia (Degache), were compared at constant temperatures of
15, 20, 25 and 30°C. The parasitoids of the French strain showed highest fecundity at 25°C with wasps that had been reared
at 20 or 25°C. The Tunisian strain showed the highest fecundity at 25°C, but only when wasps were previously reared at 25
or 30°C. For both strains, the highest mortality occurred among wasps that had laid eggs at 30°C. Emergence rates were relatively
high at all temperatures, although the French strain did better at 15–25°C and the Tunisian one at 20–30°C. Because of the
differences in biological traits of these two T.
cacoeciae strains in relation to the temperature, a judicious choice must be made among the various strains when using this species
in biological control programs. 相似文献