藜麦叶片黄酮类物质的提取及基因型差异

为了优化藜麦Chenopodium quinoa叶片黄酮的乙醇提取工艺和分析基因型间的差异,为藜麦黄酮的开发和高黄酮的品种筛选提供理论依据,采用3因子3水平正交试验设计,探讨了乙醇体积分数、料液比和浸提时间等因素对藜麦叶片黄酮提取率的影响;并采用最佳提取条件,对10个不同基因型品种藜麦的叶片黄酮得率进行了比较分析。结果表明:藜麦叶片黄酮最佳提取条件为体积分数70%乙醇,1∶40料液比,80℃水浴下回流浸提0.5 h。在优化条件下,1次提取工艺得率达85%以上。各因素对叶片黄酮提取率的影响程度依次为:浸提时间>乙醇体积分数>料液比。比较结果发现:藜麦叶片黄酮得率存在明显基因型差异,其中品种PI814932的叶片黄酮类物质得率最高,达0.933%。所测藜麦品种的叶片黄酮平均得率为0.619%,变异系数为34.44%。研究表明:乙醇回流法适于提取藜麦总黄酮类化合物。     

顺应理论视角下的冗余信息策略研究

冗余信息作为我们所熟悉的一种语言现象,是语言固有的本质特征之一.现有的研究大多数局限在语言传递信息的功能上,相对较少地关注其社会功能,因此,对冗余信息的理解也不免过于简单和片面.维索尔的语用顺应理论是对语言使用的一种纵观.本文就是从语言顺应角度出发,分析冗余信息策略的应用.     

新疆兵团九师退化天然草地补播改良效果分析

在新疆兵团九师不同类型退化天然草地典型区域,选择豆科、禾本科牧草混播开展补播试验2年,结果表明：补播当年各播入种出苗率均达85%以上,且都能安全越冬;第2年各牧草返青达80%以上,山地草甸类杂类草＋鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata ）型、温性草原类针茅（Stipa capillata ）＋羊茅（Fes-tuca ovina ）型和温性草原类羊茅＋冷蒿（Artemisia frigida ）型草地干草产量分别比对照（未补播）显著（P 〈0.01）提高了114%,125%和109%;豆、禾牧草比例明显增加,草群结构趋于合理;各草地群落高度、盖度、密度都显著（P 〈0.01）高于对照,山地草甸区补播效果最明显,分别增加了34 cm,40.8%和265株/m2;豆、禾牧草对不同草地类型区域适应性不同,山地草甸区豆科牧草补播改良效果优于禾本科,温性草原区二者表现刚好相反。     

Cu2+和Cd2+对斑节对虾幼虾的毒性作用

研究了Cu^2 和Cd^2 对斑节对虾幼虾 的急性和亚急性毒性作用，获得了Cu^2 和Cd^2 的半致死浓度、安全浓度和累积量。     

噁喹酸和氟甲喹在鳗鱼体内的药代动力学研究

研究了单次血管注射喹酸(Oxolinicacid)和氟甲喹(Flumequine)后,在鳗鱼(Muraenesoxcinereus)体内的代谢规律及残留情况。采用高效液相色谱-质谱联用(HPLC-MS)法进行喹酸和氟甲喹的检测,检测低限(LOD)1ng/ml;定量限(LOQ)5ng/ml。喹酸和氟甲喹的代谢过程均可以用一级代谢二室模型来描述,喹酸的分布半衰期:0·18h,消除半衰期:14·84h,总体清除率0·07L/kg·h;氟甲喹的分布半衰期:0·19h,消除半衰期:9·38h,总体清除率0·07L/kg·h。两种药物在鳗鱼体内都有很强的“首过效应”,易在胆汁中积累;给药72h后,喹酸和氟甲喹在可食用组织肌肉中的残留量分别为36·1ng/g和21·8ng/g,低于目前国外要求的最高残留量50ng/g和75ng/g。     

Effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin on cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in mice

AIM:To study the protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSP) on nephrotoxicity induced by cisplatin (CP) in mice. METHODS:Male C57 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: control group (N group, n=10), CP group (intraperitoneal injection of CP at dose of 20 mg/kg, n=20), GSP group (intragastric administration of GSP at dose of 500 mg/kg, n=15) and CP+GSP group (intragastric administration of GSP 30 min prior to intraperitoneal injection of CP and intragastric administration of the same dose of GSP 72 h later, n=20). On the 5th day after CP treatment, blood and kidney samples were collected. The renal pathological changes were examined by HE staining. The protein expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK) was examined by Western blotting and immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS:Renal index, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine were significantly higher in CP group than those in N group. The renal tissues were heavily damaged in CP group. The protein expression of GRP78 and p-ERK increased in CP group compared with N group. GSP treatment alleviated the increase in the renal index, blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine. The damages of the renal tissues were attenuated. The protein expression of GRP78 and p-ERK was obviously reduced in CP+GSP group compared with CP group. CONCLUSION:GSP prevents kidney from CP-induced damage by suppression of endoplasmic reticulum stress.     

Vaspin and insulin signaling pathways in obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome animal model

AIM: To establish a suitable chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) model in rats for modeling the obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) and further to explore the relationship between vaspin and insulin signaling pathways at mRNA and protein levels. METHODS: Healthy male Wistar rats were divided into control group and CIH group. The rats in control group were raised under physiological condition, and the rats in CIH group were kept in the plexiglass chamber between 9:00~17:00 and underwent intermittent hypoxic challenge 8 h/d for 8 weeks. The blood pressure of arteria caudilis in the rats was measured by tail cannulation before and after study. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), fasting insulin (FINS), vaspin and adiponectin levels were measured. The mRNA expression of vaspin was detected by real-time PCR. The protein levels of vaspin, Akt and p-Akt were determined by Western blotting.RESULTS: Before the experiment, the weight and blood pressure of the rats had no significant difference, while after the experiment the blood pressure in CIH group was obviously higher than that in control group. FPG, FINS, TG and TC in CIH group were also markedly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). Serum vaspin concentration was significantly correlated with FPG, FINS, HOMA-IR and TC. The expression of vaspin at mRNA and protein levels in the fat tissue of CIH group was evidently higher than that in control group. The protein levels of p-Akt decreased distinctly in CIH group. CONCLUSION: The levels of FINS, HOMA-IR, SaO2 and vaspin were markedly higher than those in control group, indicating that there was a close relationship between vaspin and insulin resistance in OSAHS.     

重金属污染对蔬菜生产的危害以及缓解重金属污染措施的研究进展

重金属会影响蔬菜生长发育,导致其产量和品质的降低,最终危害人类健康。本文从水分代谢、光合作用、呼吸作用、抗氧化酶活性、抗坏血酸、谷胱甘肽、植物络合素、其他矿质元素吸收等方面,综述了重金属对蔬菜生长发育的影响及其生理生化反应,阐述了不同蔬菜种类、品种和器官对重金属的积累机理,总结了缓解土壤重金属污染的有效措施。结合研究现状,就蔬菜安全生产方面提出以下建议：应广泛开展不同蔬菜种类及其品种对重金属积累的差异化研究,针对现有国家无公害标准中土壤重金属临界值,开展蔬菜中低积累种类及其品种筛选,同时开发有效缓解土壤重金属污染的栽培调控措施,以保障蔬菜的安全生产。     

蒋卫杰博士：聚焦生产一线（五）——凌源市日光温室甜椒长季节栽培技术

辽宁省凌源市丰富的光照资源为日光温室的发展创造了条件。目前凌源市日光温室甜椒生产面积达1 333 hm²（2 万亩）,通过选用优良品种,进行工厂化育苗,田间配以精细栽培管理,日光温室冬春茬甜椒每667 m² 年产量达1.5 万kg,获得了较高的产量和效益。     

辣椒苗期耐热性及其生理生化特性研究

对6个耐热性不同的辣椒品种进行高温处理,计算热害指数,并研究辣椒幼苗叶片中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶的活性变化,以及丙二醛、脯氨酸的含量变化。结果表明,辛香8号和辛香24号耐热性较强;随着胁迫温度的升高,辣椒叶片中SOD的活性均表现为先上升后下降;POD活性与品种耐热性无明显相关性;MDA含量和脯氨酸含量与胁迫温度呈正相关。SOD活性、PRO和MDA含量变化可以作为辣椒耐热性鉴定的生理指标,而POD活性则不适合用于鉴定辣椒的耐热性。