基于最大熵模型预测小火蚁在我国的适生区

小火蚁是中国大陆新发现的重要外来入侵害虫, 目前对该虫的传入来源和在我国的适生区范围尚不明确?为明确我国小火蚁适生区范围, 有效防控该虫在我国的扩散和蔓延, 本研究通过该虫全球已有的分布数据, 采用最大熵模型对其适生区进行了预测?研究表明, 最大熵模型预测小火蚁适生区精度较高?预测结果显示, 我国小火蚁的潜在适生区主要分布于南方, 其中, 高适生区分布在台湾?海南?云南南部边境?广西西南局部?福建西南部?广东南部及其沿海地区?预测结果与该物种现有地理范围的生态条件一致?年降水量对小火蚁的适生性影响最大, 理论年降水量为2 040 mm时小火蚁分布的概率最高?随着全球气候变暖, 未来我国小火蚁的适生区有向北扩大的趋势, 但主要适生区还是以南方为主?     

冀南平原大棚微咸水滴灌对土壤水盐分布及葡萄生长发育的影响

为确定适宜矿化度的微咸水滴灌方式,并为指导不同葡萄品种的微咸水滴灌灌溉制度提供理论依据,在冀南平原地区开展大棚葡萄微咸水滴灌试验,研究了淡水(CK)、2 g·L^-1微咸水(2 g·L^-1)、3 g·L^-1微咸水(3 g·L^-1)和4 g·L^-1微咸水(4 g·L^-1)4个不同矿化度水分灌溉处理对土壤水盐分布、葡萄生长和光合特性及果实品质的影响。结果表明：(1)2 g·L^-1处理的土壤盐分累积小于影响葡萄生长的盐分阈值,而3 g·L^-1和4 g·L^-1处理的盐分累积已超出该盐分阈值。(2)微咸水滴灌会减缓生育前期葡萄新梢的生长速度,且矿化度越高减缓程度越大。(3)随着矿化度的增加,叶片净光合速率、胞间CO₂浓度呈现逐渐降低的趋势,但2 g·L^-1处理的叶片水分利用效率高于其他处理。(4)2 g·L^-1处理‘火焰无核’葡萄的糖酸比...     

高原鼠兔对高寒草甸冬季牧场中土壤C∶N∶P化学计量特征的影响

【目的】从小尺度的斑块状栖息地角度出发分析高原鼠兔干扰及不同干扰强度对植被覆盖区土壤有机碳（SOC）、全氮（STN）和全磷（STP）含量的影响,有助于全面理解小型食草动物对草地土壤化学计量特征的影响。【方法】以高原鼠兔为研究对象,测定高原鼠兔栖息地及栖息地不同植被覆盖区土壤的 SOC、STN、STP 含量及土壤 C∶N∶P 化学计量特征的变化。【结果】与未干扰植被覆盖区相比,高原鼠兔栖息地植被覆盖区的 STN 含量和 N∶P 显著下降（P＜0. 05）,C∶N 显著增加（P＜0. 05）,但 SOC 和 STP 含量及 C∶P 没有发生显著变化;STN 和 SOC 含量、C∶P 和 N∶P 在高原鼠兔干扰最大的核心区最低,干扰强度最小的边缘区最高;C∶N 在干扰强度适中的次核心区最高,边缘区最低;而 STP 含量在不同干扰强度的植被覆盖区没有显著差异。【结论】高原鼠兔干扰及干扰强度会对其领地内植被覆盖区的土壤化学计量特征产生影响。高原鼠兔斑块状栖息地中土壤化学计量特征的变化可能是影响植物丰富度的因素之一。     

Human Simulated Intelligence Motion Control for Three-link Acrobot on Horizontal Bar

The design of multi-controller and multi-mode control law is presented for the three-link Acrobot on horizontal bar by employing Human simulated intelligent control method based on sensory-motor Schema.Imitated the characteristics of gymnast's swing-up and handstand movement,the control process of robot is divided by six sequence phase.Then the sensory cell and motor cell and the group of sensory-motor schema is designed based on the analysis of quality-quantity combination.The simulation results show that the controller ensures the gesture and the energy to the desired goal,farther more the motion control of giant swing backword is realized in the simulation.     

Dropwise Condensation Heat Transfer Coefficient on the Horizontal Circular Surface with Radial Gradient Surface Energy

A theoretical model is developed for the dropwise condensation heat transfer on the horizontal circular surface with radial gradient surface energy based on the heat transfer model of individual condensate drop and the size distribution model of condensate drop on homogeneous condensation surface.The effect of variation of contact angle on the gradient surface on condensation heat transfer and condensate drop size distribution is taken account of in this model.The theoretical calculation method was obtained to predict the dropwise condensation heat transfer coefficient on the horizontal circular surface with radial gradient surface energy under various wall subcooled temperature,contact angle profile on wall surface,and working fluid.The effects of surface energy gradient,wall subcooled temperature,and thermophysical properties of condensate on the condensation heat transfer are discussed respectively.The calculation results show that the condensation heat transfer coefficient increases slightly with the increase of wall subcooled temperature.As latent heat and surface tension increasing,the condensation heat transfer coefficient increases.A larger surface energy gradient induces a larger condensation heat transfer coefficient.     

Conditional Value-at-Risk and Its Use in Credit Risk Measurement of Banks

Credit risk, the major risk of bank, is more and more intense during the period of economic restructuring in China. In view of the flaw of present risk measurement system, Conditional Value-at-Risk is used for the credit risk measurement which is better than Value-at-Risk. This paper creates the model ,while gives the method and procedure for solving it. So CVaRof credit combination is produced, which is just the early warning value of credit risk. At last, it is concluded that the CVaRrisk measurement is too difficult to use widely at present in china, then some advice is provided.     

Discussion about the Agent- Construction System of Governmental Project in China

The agent - construction system, as a new public project management mode, has been practiced in some cities and attracted attention from the society. This paper firstly studies the features and operation modes of agent - construction system, and discusses the agent - construction system from the viewpoints of promoting competition, nourishing agent -construction enterprises, setting up a supervisory and encouraging mechanism, and its connection with the governmental project procurement system etc.     

水稻同核异质广亲和不育系细胞质效应的研究

利用同核异质广亲和不育系真系秋光A, 研究3种不育细胞质对杂交稻16个性状的遗传效应. 结果表明: (1) 不育细胞质在结实率、每穗实粒、单株产量、株高4个性状上表现显著的负效应, 在抽穗期、千粒重2个性状上表现显著的正效应, 单株穗数、每穗总粒及8个品质性状不育细胞质效应不显著, 不育细胞质效应与相对效应的分析结果基本     

矩形节流阀片可调油气弹簧旁通阀流量设计研究

给出了油气弹簧结构原理图,通过油气弹簧活塞与活塞杆的受力分析,对油气弹簧的承压面进行了研究,可知油气弹簧的阻尼力与油气弹簧活塞和油气弹簧缸筒内径之间的环形面积有关,对矩形节流阀片建立了力学模型,对矩形节流阀片的弯曲变形进行了分析,并在此基础上对油气弹簧的开阀速度、开阀压力以及油气弹簧流量进行了探讨,根据旁通阀打开所设计油气弹簧阻尼比,对旁通阀打开后可调油气弹簧的最大开阀速度和开阀压力进行了分析,对旁通阀的流量进行了研究和分析,最后对可控油气弹簧进行了阻力特性试验。可知,旁通阀最大流量设计方法正确的,利用控制电流可以实现对可调油气弹簧阻尼特性的控制。