十二种不同杀虫剂对梨小食心虫和桑白蚧的防治效果

试验比较了不同类型的12种杀虫剂对梨小食心虫为害桃梢的防效和对桑白蚧的兼治效果.结果表明:35％氯虫苯甲酰胺水分散粒剂8 000倍液、10％啶虫脒微乳剂3 000倍液、1％甲维盐水剂1 500倍液、80％灭多威可溶粉剂1 500倍液具有较好的防效.240 g/L螺虫乙酯悬浮剂1 000倍液防治桑白蚧效果较突出,其次为2.5 g/L高效氯氟氰菊酯乳油2 000倍液、2.5％联苯菊酯乳油1 000倍液和40％毒死蜱乳油1 500倍液.氯虫苯甲酰胺、啶虫脒、甲维盐虽对梨小食心虫防效较好,但本试验发现,可能会导致桑白蚧为害加重,是值得进一步研究和探讨的问题.     

Genomic sequencing globally identifies functional genes and potential virulence-related effectors of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. malvacearum

Highly virulent strains (HVS) of Xanthomonas axonopodis pathovar (pv.) malvacearum (Xam) infect all commercial cultivars of cotton, including the long-established “immune” cultivar 101-102B. Here, we present high-quality draft sequences of a highly virulent Xam strain (GSPB2388) from Sudan, and a strain of race 18 (GSPB1386) from Nicaragua, using Illumina/Solexa paired-end sequencing. The short sequence reads were assembled into 61 scaffolds for GSPB2388 (N50 of 164 kb) and 127 scaffolds for GSPB1386 (N50 of 100 kb), with draft maps of roughly 5 Mb, which contain 4,665 and 4,520 protein-coding genes, respectively. Through gene annotation and comparisons with plant pathogen proteins, 181 and 178 potential virulence-related genes, including genes encoding a major group of type III effectors, were identified from GSPB2388 and GSPB1386, respectively. The differential effectors and sequence diversity between the HVS and race 18 may enable the identification of key factors that contribute to the high virulence of HVS. Additionally, the average nucleotide identity (ANI) between Xam and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri is 98.4 %, suggesting that these strains belong to the same species.     

东莞市动物卫生及畜产品安全监管信息化研究与示范

东莞是畜禽消费大市,由于生猪90%要依靠外省市供应,导致肉品供需关系发生了变化,对动物卫生监督工作也提出了更高要求。随着RFID(无线射频)、视频监控、激光灼刻等技术在农产品安全追溯中的应用,动物及其产品质量安全监管信息化建设也取得可喜进展。笔者从2006年开始研究畜禽监管信息数字化并将之示范应用,2012年初步实现东莞市生猪从养殖、运输、屠宰和销售全过程信息化监管工作。     

Au20: a tetrahedral cluster

Photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that a 20-atom gold cluster has an extremely large energy gap, which is even greater than that of C60, and an electron affinity comparable with that of C60. This observation suggests that the Au20 cluster should be highly stable and chemically inert. Using relativistic density functional calculations, we found that Au20 possesses a tetrahedral structure, which is a fragment of the face-centered cubic lattice of bulk gold with a small structural relaxation. Au20 is thus a unique molecule with atomic packing similar to that of bulk gold but with very different properties.     

东北民猪、哈尔滨白猪在发情期和配种后血液生化常值变化的研究

采用Ｆｏｌｉｎ－吴宪法、比色法、微量消化定氮法和醋纤薄膜电泳法分别测定了东北民猪和哈白猪发情期和配种后的血液糖量、血清总脂、血清总蛋白和血清蛋白含量．结果说明：哈白猪发情情与配种后生化常值比较差异皆不显著；东北民猪除γ－球蛋白和β－球蛋白差异显著外，其它皆不显著。东北民猪、哈白猪比较，发情期生化指标差异皆不显著；配种后生化常值除清蛋白和γ－球蛋白外，其它皆无显著差异。     

膨润土用于反刍动物的饲料添加剂

本文就产自新疆哈密的膨胀润土进行了全面的岩石学和矿物学研究。采用红外光谱，Ｘ－射线衍射分析、化学全分析等手段，对其矿物成分，微量元素、稀土元素、物化性能等方面做了全面测试分析，结果表明：该膨润土为质地优良的钠基膨润土，可作为饲料工业的原料矿产，尤其是反刍动物的饲料添加剂效果最佳。     

在我国发生的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒病

 1978年以来,在内蒙包头、呼和浩特等地发现了一种甜菜新病害。地上部表现叶片黄化、枯斑坏死、沿脉黄化坏死等症状;地下部表现次生侧根异常增生。根据鉴别寄主的症状,病株根部多粘菌(Polymyxa betae)的寄生和病毒形态及粒子长度分布特征确定内蒙所发现的这种新病害即国外报道的由Polymyxa betae传带的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒所致的甜菜丛根病。     

CAD在建筑设计业中的利与弊

本文作者从自身建筑设计行业角度研讨CAD在建筑设计工作应用中的利弊,客观地反映了CAD在实际工作中的使用情况,对CAD在普及应用过程中应把握的问题提出一定的见解。     

Callus induction from leaves of differentpaulownia species and its plantlet regeneration

The experiment was carried out on five different species ofPaulownia for callus induction from leaves. MS medium was adopted as basic medium, and from different combinations of NAA and BA the suitable media were determined for callus induction, bud differentiation, and root differentiation of five different species. MS+0.5NAA+4BA, MS+0.3NAA+2BA, MS+0.5NAA+4BA, MS+0.3NAA+6BA, and MS+0.3NAA+8BA were suitable media of callus inductions of leaves, respectively, forPaulownia tomentosa, Paulownia australis, Paulownia fortunei, Paulownia elongata andP. tmentosa x P. fortunei, and MS+0.3NAA+12BA, MS+0.3NAA+12BA, MS+0.5NAA+12BA, MS+0.5NAA+12BA, and MS+0.7NAA+12BA were suitable media for bud differentiation from leaf callus respectively for above five species. The rooting media was determined as 2MS+0.1NAA, 1/2MS+0.1NAA, 1/2MS, 1/2MS+0.3NAA, and 1/2MS+0.5NAA. These results provide reference data for breeding new fine varieties with different kinds ofPaulownia protoplasts fusions. Foundation Item: This paper was supported by National Nature Science Foundation of China (No. 39870631) and Nature Science Foundation of Henan Province (No. 994011100). Biography: Fan Guo-qiang (1964), male Ph. Doctor, Professor in Forestry Department of Henan Agriculture University. Zhengzhou 450002, P. R. China. E-mail: guoqiangf@263.net. Responsible editor: Song Funan