约束非线性混合离散变量优化设计的一个方法

本文对机械设计中离散变量优化问题进行了讨论,提出了一个用于全离散变量或混合离散变量优化设计的方法——模式与随机搜索法。文中阐述了算法的原理,给出了迭代公式与框图。考核结果表明,本算法比通常的优化方法具有更好的可靠性与有效性,所得到的离散最优解更合理,并且计算时间与迭代次数明显减少。     

果奶稳定性和芒果豆奶生产技术研究

对提高果奶稳定性的方法研究表明，果奶必须含有０．４％－１．２％的油酯，ＰＨ值为３．７－４．０，温度为５０－８０℃，单宁含量低于０．３％，均质压力为１８－２５ＭＰａ，在加酸成果汁前后各均质一次，对果奶的稳定效果好。乳化剂和络合剂须与奶粉同时溶解，并经胶体磨充分乳化后再加入稳定剂。当均质后的料液温度低于４０℃时，剧烈搅拌并缓缓加入稀释的果汁或酸，在６５－７０℃杀菌３０ｍｉｎ。按上述工艺生产的果奶和芒果     

立桶式家用热泵热水器冷凝器性能的研究

针对华南地区的气候特点,用同样管径和长度的高导热耐腐蚀不锈钢管绕成等径螺旋盘管和非等径螺旋盘管作为家用热泵热水器的沉浸式冷凝器,并对其传热特性进行了对比分析和实验研究.结果表明,在同等环境条件下,加热90 L立桶式静态水至50℃,非等径螺旋盘管的综合效果优于等径螺旋盘管;加热3 L/min流量的立桶式动态水,采用非等径螺旋盘管的平均出水温度比等径螺旋盘管大约高1℃.     

Efficient near-infrared polymer nanocrystal light-emitting diodes

Conjugated polymers and indium arsenide-based nanocrystals were used to create near-infrared plastic light-emitting diodes. Emission was tunable from 1 to 1.3 micrometers--a range that effectively covers the short-wavelength telecommunications band--by means of the quantum confinement effects in the nanocrystals. The external efficiency value (photons out divided by electrons in) is approximately 0.5% (that is, >1% internal) and is mainly limited by device architecture. The near-infrared emission did not overlap the charge-induced absorption bands of the polymer.     

A common onc gene sequence transduced by avian carcinoma virus MH2 and by murine sarcoma virus 3611

A common cellular sequence was independently transduced by avian carcinoma virus MH2 (v-mht) and murine sarcoma virus (MSV) 3611 (v-raf). Comparison of the nucleotide sequences of v-mht and v-raf revealed a region of homology that extends over 969 nucleotides. The homology between the corresponding amino acids was about 95 percent with only 19 of 323 amino acids being different. With this example, 5 of the 19 known different viral onc genes have been observed in viruses of different taxonomic groups. These data indicate that (i) the number of cellular proto-onc genes is limited because, like other viruses of different taxonomic groups, MH2 and MSV 3611 have transduced the same onc gene-specific sequences from different cell species and (ii) that specific deletion and linkage of the same proto-onc sequences to different viral vector elements affect the oncogenic potential of the resulting viruses. The difference in transformation capabilities of MH2 and MSV 3611 serves as an example.     

兰花组织培养中常见问题及解决方法

对从台湾引进的兰花品种在组培苗生产过程中出现的褐化、黄化、污染、死亡等问题的原因进行分析,并提出采用适宜的外植体材料和适宜的无机盐成分、蔗糖浓度和激素水平,适当调节pH、光照和温度,使用适当的外植体消毒剂种类、浓度和处理时间,按照获取无菌外植体的基本操作和外植体灭菌操作规程等措施,可有效减少兰花组培苗的褐化、黄化、污染和死亡现象的发生。     

Identification of HTLV-III/LAV sor gene product and detection of antibodies in human sera

The nucleotide sequence of the genome of HTLV-III, the infectious agent etiologically associated with the acquired immune deficiency syndrome, predicts a small open reading frame, termed sor, located between the pol and env genes. A DNA segment containing 82 percent of the sor region was inserted into a prokaryotic expression vector, pJL6, to determine whether sor encodes a viral protein and to gain some insight into its possible function. The bacterially synthesized sor protein reacted with sera from individuals infected with HTLV-III, indicating that sor is expressed as a protein product or products that are immunogenic in vivo. Antibodies to the purified, bacterially synthesized sor protein were found to react specifically with the same protein and also with a protein of molecular weight 23,000 (23K) in HTLV-III-infected H9 cell extracts. The 23K protein comigrated with a protein immunoprecipitated by the serum of a hemophiliac patient with antibodies to HTLV-III, suggesting that this protein is probably the sor gene product.     

Ultrafast flash thermal conductance of molecular chains

At the level of individual molecules, familiar concepts of heat transport no longer apply. When large amounts of heat are transported through a molecule, a crucial process in molecular electronic devices, energy is carried by discrete molecular vibrational excitations. We studied heat transport through self-assembled monolayers of long-chain hydrocarbon molecules anchored to a gold substrate by ultrafast heating of the gold with a femtosecond laser pulse. When the heat reached the methyl groups at the chain ends, a nonlinear coherent vibrational spectroscopy technique detected the resulting thermally induced disorder. The flow of heat into the chains was limited by the interface conductance. The leading edge of the heat burst traveled ballistically along the chains at a velocity of 1 kilometer per second. The molecular conductance per chain was 50 picowatts per kelvin.     

罗非鱼消化道5-HT内分泌细胞的免疫组织化学研究

用链霉亲和素-生物素化过氧化物酶复合物(Strept Avidin Biotion -peroxidase Complex SABC )免疫细胞化学方法,对罗非鱼消化道内分泌细胞进行了免疫组织化学定位.结果表明:5-羟色胺细胞在消化道各段都有分布,其中胃体部密度最大,其次是幽门和喷门处,后肠的密度最小.本文主要讨论了5-HT内分泌细胞在罗非鱼消化道免疫细胞化学定位,可为鱼类的内分泌学提供主要依据.     

氟虫腈粉剂和奋斗呐粉剂防治红火蚁药效试验初报

田间试验结果,0.1%氟虫腈粉剂和1%奋斗呐粉剂防治红火蚁,药后3～10天工蚁校正防效分别为78.32%～92.08%和65.84%～66.48%;药后10天,灭巢校正防效分别为92.07%和64.86%,0.1%氟虫腈粉剂对红火蚁的防治效果优于1%奋斗呐粉剂.