彩叶植物分类及其园林应用

彩叶植物是园林植物的重要组成部分,以其独特的观赏价值倍受园林工作者青睐。彩叶植物的园林应用应遵循生态适应性原则,考虑季相变化,突出设计主题,并与环境相协调,根据实际选择合适的应用形式。指出了彩叶植物应用中存在的问题,并对其应用前景进行了展望。     

Immunogenicity of multiple-epitope antigen gene of HCV carried by novel biodegradable polymers

In order to develop a promising vaccine candidate utilizing a combined approach to induce both antibody production and T-cell activity, the DNA fragment containing MA of HCV with five conserved epitopes was synthesized. Two types of HCV vaccine candidates (the DNA type and DNA/polymers) were constructed using MA. PLA-PEG-PLA and PLGA-PEG-PLGA were synthesized and used as micelles with encapsulated plasmid pcDNA3.1(+)-MA. The preparation of copolymers, the cloning and analysis of recombinant plasmid DNA, in vitro expression, and immunogenicity in transgenic mice were evaluated in detail. The results indicated that even single immunization and oral immunization with DNA/polymers achieved satisfying immune responses in vivo tests. As biodegradable and nontoxic triblock copolymers, the novel copolymers demonstrated a great advantage, as they made long-term and single-immunizing vaccines possible; in addition, the copolymers showed a better adjuvant effect and scarcely any side effects.     

不同来源花生品种的ISSR分析及亲缘关系研究

利用13对ISSR引物对28个栽培种花生品种进行PCR扩增,研究这些品种的DNA多态性及其亲缘关系。结果表明,有7对引物检测到明显的多态性,从28个花生品种中扩增出90条带,其中多态性带达到79条,多态性比率为87.8%,平均每个引物可扩增出12.86条带,11.29条为多态性条带。品种间的遗传相似系数值在0.411~0.800之间,平均为0.620。在UPGMA聚类分析简单匹配系数值为0.57处,可把28个花生品种分成3个品种群。由此表明,这些不同来源的花生品种具有较高的DNA多态性,亲缘关系不同。     

果袋遮光对设施栽培沪油018油桃果实着色和品质的影响

在设施栽培条件下,采用不同透光率的果袋,研究了不同遮光处理对沪油018油桃果实着色与品质的影响.结果表明,3个不同透光率(69.6％、18.2％和0)套袋处理随着透光率的降低,果皮呈现从红到黄、从暗到亮的着色趋势.色素含量变化以0透光率处理最为显著,叶绿素、类胡萝卜.素和花色素苷分别比不套袋处理下降了94.3％、24.6％和100％.套袋遮光通过改变果皮中色素的比例及含量来改变果实着色,光强是引起油桃果皮色泽和色素变化最主要的原因.套袋显著降低了果实还原糖和可滴定酸含量,但对总糖和蔗糖含量无显著影响.套袋果实单果重有随果袋透光率降低而减少的趋势.套袋会引起果实钾、钙、镁含量变化.高透光率果袋(小林单层袋NK-15)是大棚栽培条件下沪油018油桃较适宜的果袋.     

北京地区蔬菜害螨的发生为害与综合防治

北京地区蔬菜上主要发生为害的害螨种类是叶螨和茶黄螨，主要为害茄科、葫芦科和豆科蔬菜作物等。叶螨于每年的3～4 月开始发生为害，6～7 月达到为害高峰期，秋季为害偏轻；而茶黄螨于7～9 月在设施蔬菜上为害严重。据此，笔者在多年试验和实践的基础上提出北京地区蔬菜害螨的综合防治技术。     

猪β防御素研究进展

β防御素是猪体内分泌的一类抗菌肽，广泛分布于各个组织中，在抵抗病原入侵和免疫调节中发挥着重要作用。猪β防御素对细菌、真菌和病毒都有很强的杀灭作用，并且具有分子量小、热稳定性好、无残留等优点，是理想的抗生素替代品。研究表明，猪β防御素的表达与个体抗病力正相关，增加内源性防御素表达或直接摄入外源性防御素均能增强机体免疫力并促进生长。脂肪酸、氨基酸、维生素、益生菌、病原微生物等外源刺激皆可影响β防御素的表达。随着防御素相关研究的深入，将有望解决养猪生产中长期使用抗生素而导致的耐药性、药物残留及环境污染等问题。文章介绍了猪β防御素的结构特征、表达特异性及生物学功能，主要综述了外源刺激对β防御素表达的影响及其作用机制，初步说明外源β防御素作为饲料添加剂在仔猪生产中的效果，旨在为猪β防御素的深入研究及其在生猪健康养殖中的应用提供参考。     

不同光质LED光源对鱼腥草幼苗膜脂过氧化及抗氧化酶的影响

以鱼腥草为材料,以日光灯处理为对照,分析了不同光质LED光源(白、红、黄、绿、蓝LED灯)对鱼腥草叶片活性氧、类黄酮含量及抗氧化酶的影响。结果表明,蓝光下叶片中TBARS(硫代巴比妥酸)含量最高,较对照高30.18%,与希夫试剂染色结果相一致;过氧化氢产生最多,较对照高190.21%,与DAB染色结果一致;超氧阴离子产生速率在蓝光下最高,为对照组的1.54倍,白光下最低;蓝、绿光下脯氨酸含量是对照的2倍;蓝光和黄光处理下,黄酮含量较对照提高了21.4%。蓝、绿光提高了SOD2同工酶的表达,且在蓝光下最高;蓝、绿、红、黄光处理分别诱导了更多的POD基因位点的表达;不同LED光质均提高了CAT抗氧化酶活性,其中蓝、绿光下CAT同工酶的表达量明显高于对照。综上所述,蓝色光处理可以有效提高幼苗的抗氧化能力,可为鱼腥草品质的控制提供参考。     

暗纹东方鲀的开发利用与管理

综述了国内暗纹东方鲀(Fuguobscurus)渔业资源开发过程和利用现状,表明该渔业资源有较高价值和消费前景;总结了国内相关法规的完善过程、相关专利的申请和授权状况、相关标准的制定和颁布情况以及养殖河豚毒性等相关研究成果,说明国内已经基本具备解禁暗纹东方鲀渔业资源鲜食利用的条件;介绍了上海开展河豚试食工作的准备历程、启动和完成的相关研究项目、养殖消费现状等,为河豚解禁做了大量的准备工作。本文内容体现了暗纹东方鲀资源的社会和经济价值,为河豚渔业的开发利用和监管提供参考。     

Effects of bFGF on brain edema,nerve function injury and autophagy related protein in rats with traumatic brain injury

AIM:To study the effects of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) on brain edema, nerve function damage and autophagy related proteins in rats with head injury. METHODS:The rat model of craniocerebral injury (CI) was constructed. The rats were divided into control group, CI group, and low-, middle-and high-dose bFGF groups (n=10). The CI model was established in CI group, while the rats in control group were not given epidural impact. The rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were given bFGF at 2, 4 and 6 μg, respectively, by intraperitoneal injection after 30 min. The neurological function in the rats was evaluated by improved neurological function scoring. The rat brain tissues were taken, and the water content was detected. The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-1β in the brain tissue were measured by ELISA. The malondialdehyde (MDA) content was analyzed by thiobarbituric acid method. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) was examined by WST-8 assay. The glutathine peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity was detected by colorimetric method. The protein levels of autophagy related proteins LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 in the brain tissues were determined by Western blot. RESULTS:The neurological function score was increased significantly of the rats in CI group. The rat model of craniocerebral injury was successfully constructed. Neurological function scores in the rats in low-dose, middle-dose and high-dose bFGF groups were reduced, the water content of the brain tissue was also reduced (P<0.05). The levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1 β were decreased in the brain tissues (P<0.05), the content of MDA was declined (P<0.05), the activities of SOD and GSH-Px were increased (P<0.05), the protein levels of LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1 were decreased, compared with the untreated rats in CI group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION:bFGF improves the nerve function of the rats with craniocerebral injury, reduces the water content of the brain tissue, reduces the expression of autophagic protein LC3-Ⅱ and beclin-1.The mechanism is related to the inhibition of inflammatory reaction and oxidative damage.     

临沭县冬小麦复合微生物肥效对比试验

为了讨论复合微生物肥料在冬小麦上的肥料效应,开展同等地力条件下,冬小麦使用复合微生物肥料(含有机质)和测土配方研制的小麦专用配方肥(大量元素肥料)对比试验。试验表明:施用复合微生物肥料(含有机质),对改善冬小麦的农艺性状、增产增效等均有良好的效果。