水稻白条纹叶突变体st11的遗传分析与基因定位

白条纹叶突变体st11是从粳稻品种Kitaake组培过程中获得的。该突变体在分蘖前叶色表现为正常,从分蘖期开始新生叶表现为白条纹直至成熟期。与野生型相比,该突变体的分蘖、株高、结实率和千粒重等农艺性状没有发生明显变化。遗传分析表明该突变体白条纹叶性状受一对隐性核基因控制。利用该突变体分别与水稻02428、Jodan杂交构建了两个F2群体用于基因定位。通过集群分离分析(bulked segregant analysis)发现该基因位于第1染色体端粒附近,并与分子标记RM151和RM10080连锁。进一步利用更多分子标记分析F2群体,我们将该基因定位于I10和I26两个标记之间大约270kb的区间内。     

不同生态因子对匍茎草苔虫排氨率的影响

通过试验生态学方法,采用静水系统,对我国北方常见的污损生物匍茎草苔虫(Bugula stolonifera Ryland,1960)排氨率进行了初研究,主要包括匍茎草苔虫在饥饿状态下,温度对其排氨率的影响;温度和盐度交互作用对其排氨率的影响;温度和pH交互作用对其排氨率的影响。为预防控制海洋污损生物对养殖生物正常生长存活有着非常重要的意义,也为更深一步规划出有效的防治方法提供一定的基础科学依据。具体试验结果为:1.温度对匍茎草苔虫的排氨率具有极其显著的影响,在12~27℃范围内,呈1个峰值变化,在24℃时其排氨率达到最高值;2.温度与盐度的交互作用对其排氨率有显著的影响,在12~27℃条件下,盐度在16‰~40‰范围内,呈1个峰值变化,在盐度32‰时其排氨率达到最高值;3.温度与pH的交互作用对其排氨率有极其显著的影响,在12~27℃条件下,pH在5~10范围内,呈1个峰值变化,在pH为8时其排氨率达到最高值。     

不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻生长的影响

通过室内控制实验,研究了不同曝气比率对蛋白核小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)生长过程影响,构建了曝气比率与ODmax、μmax、Cmax的适配曲线。实验设置0%、2%、10%、20%、30%、50%、70%共计7组曝气比率,在1 000 lx光强和20℃条件下,采用BG-11培养基培养小球藻至稳定生长。结果显示,适宜的曝气能促进小球藻生长,其最适曝气比率为20%,过量曝气会抑制小球藻生长;曝气比率(x)与ODmax、Cmax、μmax拟合方程分别为:Omax=170.63x3-231.83x2+84.341x+1.8439(0x50%;R2=0.9850)、Cmax=15.844x3-19.803x2+6.8594x+0.0521(0x50%;R2=0.9285)、μmax=8.1202x3-11.428x2+4.4963x+0.1173(20%x30%;R2=0.8581);50%x70%的关系式有待进一步验证。探究不同曝气比率对小球藻生长的影响,可为其优化培养与资源化利用提供理论依据。     

甲醛和硫酸铜对半滑舌鳎的急性毒性试验

以半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis Gunther)为研究对象进行96h的急性毒性试验,探究甲醛和硫酸铜处理后半滑舌鳎的半数致死浓度(LC50)和安全浓度(SC)。实验结果表明,甲醛处理48h、96h后半滑舌鳎的LC50分别为375.68mg·L-1、351.74mg·L-1,SC为35.174mg·L-1;硫酸铜处理48h、96h后LC50分别为2.81mg·L-1、2.58mg·L-1,SC为0.258mg·L-1。     

霉菌毒素对蛋鸡的危害及其残留与检测方法的研究进展

霉菌毒素对蛋鸡饲料的污染,不仅影响到蛋鸡健康,其在组织和鸡蛋中的残留也给食品安全带来很大隐患。作者就霉菌毒素的污染情况、对蛋鸡的影响、在肌肉、肝脏和肾脏等组织和鸡蛋中的残留情况及其检测方法的研究现状进行综述,从而为深入研究霉菌毒素提供一定的依据。     

甘肃省马铃薯枯萎病（Fusarium avenaceum）鉴定及其病原生物学特性

对甘肃省马铃薯枯萎病菌进行了分离、鉴定及培养特性的研究。结果表明,该病原菌大型分生孢子镰刀形,无色,多细胞,大小为（12.5~30）μm×（2.5~5）μm;小型分生孢子数量较多,无色,卵圆形或椭圆形,大小为（4.70~12.94）μm×（1.76~2.35）μm;ITS序列分析表明,病原菌与Fusarium avenaceum（JN6317483）亲缘关系最近,相似性达到100%,结合形态特征鉴定该病原菌为燕麦镰刀菌(Fusarium avenaceum)。该病原菌在5~40 ℃范围内均可生长,最适温度为20 ℃;供试的碳、氮源中,果糖和亮氨酸对该菌菌丝生长有显著的促进作用（P<0.05）,而显著抑制菌丝生长的是氯醛糖和碳酸铵（P<0.05）;不同类型培养基中,燕麦片培养基对菌丝生长有显著促进作用（P<0.05）。     

杏毛球坚蚧危害杏树的发生规律与防治

通过对佳木斯地区园林绿化树种杏树主要虫害杏毛球坚蚧的生物学特性发生规律进行采样调查,初步掌握杏毛球坚蚧的发生特点,结合其天敌昆虫黑缘红瓢虫的生物防治情况,提出针对防治杏毛球坚蚧的具体防治措施,为有效防治杏毛球坚蚧这种杏树重要害虫提供技术支持。     

酸樱桃新品种‘奥德’

‘奥德’是从野生酸樱桃中经实生选种选育出的新品种。单果质量5.5 g,总糖为10.36%,总酸度为1.45%,可溶性蛋白质1.40%,果实出汁率达到85.2%。矮化,抗旱、耐盐碱、抗裂果、抗病虫性强,固地性强,已在陕西、甘肃、山西、河南、山东等地栽培。     

Simple and rapid detection of rice false smut pathogen Ustilaginoidea virens in rice seeds

A method for simple and rapid detection of Ustilaginoidea virens in rice seeds was developed based on specific polymerase chain reaction (PCR). To design the specific primers for detection of U. virens, the comparison was made on 5.8S rDNA intra- and inter-specific variations in nucleotide sequences of U. virens and other pathogens: Fusarium verticillioides, Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Tilletia barclayana, Fusarium graminearum and Magnaporthe oryzae. A 346-bp fragment could be amplified by using the specific primers uvr-F and uvr-R in U. virens, but not in other test fungi, indicating that the designed primers were specific for the detection of U. virens. U. virens was detected in nine of the 24 tested rice samples, indicating that 37.5% of the rice samples were contaminated with the false smut pathogen. The development of the simple and rapid detection technique using specific primers will be applicable for direct identification of U. virens in rice seeds to screen large numbers of samples.     

Antifungal activity of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum and its major constituent on Fusarium sulphureum and dry rot of potato tubers

The composition of the essential oil of Zanthoxylum bungeanum was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 35 components, which constitute 99.10% of the oil, were identified. The major constituent was α-pinene (19.59%). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the essential oil and α-pinene against Fusarium sulphureum were determined to be 6.25% and 12.50%, respectively. A determination of the antifungal activity and inhibitory effect of the essential oil and α-pinene showed that the essential oil more significantly decreased cell membrane integrity and inhibited spore germination than α-pinene. Observations using scaning electron microscope revealed morphological modification including mycelium asymmetry, hyphal swelling, curling, and a secretory appearance. Ultrastructural alterations were also observed including cell empty cavity and osmiophilic granule generation. In vivo testing showed that the oil and α-pinene effectively controlled dry rot of potato inoculated with F. sulphureum. These findings indicated that the oil and α-pinene directly inhibit fungal growth, and the essential oil showed pronounced potential than α-pinene.