Study on Synergistic Effect of VA5 Immunopotentiator on Pigeon NDV Inactivated Vaccine

This study was designed to evaluate the synergistic effect of VA5 immunopotentiator on pigeon ND4416 inactivated vaccine.160 healthy pigeons were randomly divided into four groups,including ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine group (NDV group),ND4416 strain inactivated vaccine and immunopotentiator (VA5) mixed group (NDV+VA5 group),La Sota inactivated vaccine group (La Sota group) and normal saline as the control group (C group),to assess their vaccine efficacy against virulent pigeon NDV by serological analysis and animal testing.Pigeons sera were collected at different time points after immunization and measured the HI antibody titer of each group.The results showed that VA5 immunopotentiator significantly improved the serum antibody level of pigeons immunized with pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine (P<0.05).In addition,comparative test of spleen lymphocyte transformation was conducted at various time points after immunization.The results indicated that VA5 effectively stimulated the lymphocyte transformation of immune pigeon.Pigeons in each groups were challenged with ND4416 strain at the 30th,90th and 180th d after immunization.The results presented that the NDV+VA5 group had 100% protection rate and higher than La Sota group.The duration of immunization test showed that the antibody titer of NDV+VA5 group reached peak 11.20log₂ at the 21st d,remained 7.50log₂ at 180th d,and the protection rate remained 100% at 180th d.It indicated that VA5 immunopotentiator sustained the immune duration of pigeon NDV vaccine up to 180 d.Moreover,the in vitro detoxification test results suggested that VA5 immunopotentiator reduced the in vitro detoxification cycle of pigeons after challenge.Overall,this study suggested VA5 immunopotentiator could significantly improve the immune efficacy of pigeon Newcastle disease inactivated vaccine,which provided a basis for further enhancing the efficacy of Newcastle disease vaccine,as well increased experimental data for the application of immunopotentiators.     

Effects of Momordica grosvenori Saponins on Type 2 Diabetes Rats Induced by High-sucrose/High-fat Diet and Streptozotocin

The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of Momordica grosvenori saponins on improving the effect of high-sucrose/high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin induced type 2 diabetes in rats.The type 2 diabetes rat model was established with a high-sucrose and high-fat diet combined with streptozotocin.Successfully modeled rats were given the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori (100,200,400 mg/kg) or metformin (268 mg/kg) by gavage,once a day for 4 weeks.Recording the "three more and one less"index (24 h internal urine output,water intake and feed intake,body weight);Detecting of biochemical indicators,analysis of fasting blood glucose (FBG),serum total cholesterol (TC),triglycerides (TG),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),insulin (INS),catalase (CAT),superoxide dismutase (SOD),malondialdehyde (MDA),alanine aminotransferase (AST),aspartate aminotransferase (ALT),blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) levels.Hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to observe the pathological changes of the pancreas.Compared with the model group,the feed intake,water intake,urine output,blood indicators FBG,INS,MDA,TC,TG,BUN and Cr levels,AST and ALT activities were significantly or extremely significantly decreased in the total saponins of Momordica grosvenori each dose group and metformin group (P<0.05;P<0.01),while CAT,SOD activities and HDL-C level were significantly or extremely significantly increased (P<0.05;P<0.01).In pancreatic tissue,the number of pancreatic cells was increased significantly,and the pathological damage of the pancreas was significantly reduced. Momordica grosvenori saponins and metformin had obvious effects on improving glucose metabolism disorders,and at the same time could significantly reduce insulin resistance,enhance the body’s ability to resist oxidative stress and improve liver and kidney functions.     

供体牛采卵后不同清宫处理方法的效果分析

本文选用采卵后鉴定为子宫炎的供体母牛,用土霉素、土霉素和前列腺素(PG)、清宫液3种治疗方案对子宫炎供体牛进行了治疗.对采卵的处理情况和后续的子宫卵巢机能恢复后再配种受胎情况,冲胚时间至治疗后第1次发情时间,冲胚时间至受胎时间进行了临床效果观察.结果表明:土霉素和PG组与土霉素组、清宫液组差异显著(P＜0.05).土霉素和PG组与土霉素组、清宫液组相比,子宫炎供体牛治疗后出现首次发情和冲胚至受胎时间明显缩短,首次出现发情分别平均缩短1.56 d、3.27 d,冲胚至受胎时间分别平均缩短10.25 d、12.39 d.     

胸膜肺炎放线杆菌ApxIA毒素蛋白免疫原性分析

为鉴定胸膜肺炎放线杆菌（Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae，APP）ApxIA毒素蛋白N端疏水区和C端Ca^2＋结合区的免疫原性，参照apxIA基因序列（D16582）设计4条引物，用于扩增APP血清10型参考菌株（D13039）基因组DNA中长约3．2kb的apxIA基因及其N端（1．4kb）和C端（1．8kb）基因片段，经克隆测序后分别插入原核表达载体pET-32a中进行表达，表达的融合蛋白大小分别约为125Ku、65Ku和80Ku。表达产物免疫小鼠后的攻毒保护试验结果显示，ApxIA表达蛋白对APP血清10型（D13039）攻毒可提供完全保护，而对APP血清1型（4074）攻毒仅能提供部分保护，与提纯的Apx1毒素蛋白免疫保护效果相当；ApxIA-N端表达蛋白免疫保护活性显著高于ApxIA-C端表达蛋白，提示ApxIA蛋白免疫活性位点多位于N端，在Apx1毒素蛋白的保护性抗原活性中发挥更重要作用。     

马γ-干扰素成熟蛋白基因在大肠埃希氏茵中表达及其多克隆抗体制备

采用RT-PCR从ConA刺激的马外周血单核细胞（PBMC）中扩增获得含信号肽的马γ-干扰素（Equine interferon-γ，EIFN-γ）基因，将其克隆至载体pCR2．1-TOPO中。通过PCR方法从重组质粒（pCR-EIFN-γ）中扩增马干扰素成熟蛋白（MatureEIFN-γ，mEIFN-γ）基因，并将其亚克隆至原核表达载体pET-28a（＋）。重组子经测序鉴定正确后转化至大肠杆菌BL21（DE3），经IPTG诱导，对其产物进行SDS-PAGE分析和Western blot鉴定，将纯化后的表达产物免疫新西兰白兔制备多克隆抗体。结果表明，mEIFN-γ基因全长为441b口，含一个开放阅读框，编码146个氨基酸的成熟蛋白；对其表达产物以可溶性和包涵体两种形式存在，重组蛋白相对分子量约为18Ku，且具有免疫反应活性。mEIFN-γ基因在大肠杆菌中高效表达并在非变性和变性条件下，采用Ni^＋亲和层析纯化方法均可获得高纯度的重组马γ-干扰素制备的多克隆抗体，为建立马γ-干扰素检测方法、监测机体免疫状态和研究机体免疫机制奠定了基础。     

哺乳动物嵌合体制作及分析进展

嵌合体技术对研究哺乳动物早期胚胎的发育,探索细胞分化规律,掌握基因的表达调控规律,建立遗传疾病动物模型等具有重要意义。本文分别就近几年来嵌合体动物的制作方法及分析手段作一简要概述。     

鸡IGF-Ⅰ基因SNPs及其对屠体性状的遗传效应分析

以180只3个品系的温岭草鸡为材料,采用PCR-RFLP方法测定了IGF-Ⅰ基因的3个SNPs座位,同时分析了它们对屠体性状的遗传效应.结果显示PstⅠ、HinfⅠ和TaqⅠ识别座位分别发生T→C、C→A和C→T突变,每个SNPs座位各出现了3种基因型,其中A系在3个座位上均处于Hardy-Weinberg平衡状态(P＞0.05).方差分析显示每个座位基因型对部分屠体性状都有极显著或显著的差异(P≤0.01或0.01＜P≤0.05).多重比较显示在其中6个屠体性状上,每个座位3种基因型的最小二乘均值之间均有突变型＞杂合型＞野生型的关系,联合基因型QF/QF和QE/QF的最小二乘均值在4个屠体性状上显著高于(0.01＜P≤0.05)联合基因型PE/QE,每个座位突变等位基因都对部分屠体性状具有增效作用.A系和B系之间的遗传距离为0.005 3,聚类分析表明两系同为1枝.     

纤维素复合酶对羔羊消化道组织结构的影响

为了探明纤维素复合酶提高羔羊饲料消化率的消化道组织学基础,选择刚出生且体重相近的波尔山羊公羔30只(20日龄开始自由采食优质苜蓿干草, 80日龄断奶)分为对照组和试验组(添加0.2%酶制剂),分别在2、3和4月龄每组各选体重相近的3只羔羊屠宰.结果表明,瘤胃乳头长度、宽度和单位面积瘤胃乳头表面积随月龄增加而增加,而单位面积乳头数随着月龄的增加而减少(P ＜ 0.01).酶制剂提高3、4月龄羔羊瘤胃乳头长度(P ＜ 0.01)、宽度(P ＞ 0.05)和单位面积瘤胃乳头表面积(P ＜ 0.01),减少单位面积乳头数(P ＜ 0.01).显著提高3月龄十二指肠肠绒毛的长度(P ＜ 0.05).在3、4月龄,酶制剂有增加小肠隐窝深度和黏膜厚度的趋势,但未达到显著水平(P ＞ 0.05).     

生长激素基因多态性与生产性能关系的最新研究

生长激素是一种具有广泛生理功能的蛋白肽激素,尤其对动物的生长发育具有重要作用。研究GH基因功能区的突变对其蛋白功能的影响,以及对哺乳动物生长发育的影响,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。因此在生产中探讨GH基因多态性与生产性能的关系,从而达到提高动物生产水平的目的,成为人们关注的重要课题。     

羔羊消化器官的早期生长发育和瘤胃内主要消化酶活性的变化

选用健康无病的波尔山羊30只,饲养在相同条件下,分别于20日龄和60日龄,各选取体重相近的3只羔羊屠宰,研究羔羊消化器官的生长发育和瘤胃内主要消化酶活性的变化规律。结果表明:两个日龄之间,消化道各部位的重量差异显著(P<0.05);复胃或瘤胃重量占体重的比例差异极显著(P<0.01),小肠或大肠的重量占体重的比例差异显著(P<0.05);瘤胃、十二指肠、盲肠中的pH60日龄显著(P<0.05)高于20日龄;回肠pH60日龄高于20日龄,但差异不显著(P>0.05);皱胃pH60日龄低于20日龄;瘤胃液中淀粉酶和木聚糖酶的活性增长迅速,60日龄显著(P<0.05)高于20日龄,而纤维素酶和果胶酶虽有一定程度的增长,但差异不显著(P>0.05)。