乌干达林业发展概况与林业管理体系

位于非洲东部的乌干达是初级林产品生产国, 原木是其主要林产品。文中通过查阅相关文献资料, 对乌干达的林业管理体系进行了梳理和分析, 概述了乌干达森林资源和林产品贸易状况, 重点介绍了乌干达林业管理机构与林业相关政策法规; 在此基础上, 对我国林业企业参与乌干达森林资源合作开发与利用提出建议。     

高温胁迫对北美海棠‘金吉丽’和‘特丽’的生理指标影响

北美海棠较湖北海棠具有更高的观赏价值,武汉夏季高温是限制北美海棠推广应用的关键因素。以北美海棠‘金吉丽’和‘特丽’为试材,以本地乡土植物湖北海棠为对照,经过1周35℃高温处理,测定海棠叶片的抗性生理指标变化。结果表明：北美海棠的叶绿素含量和保护酶活性高于湖北海棠、可溶性蛋白质含量低于湖北海棠、丙二醛含量与湖北海棠相似,总体来看,北美海棠抗性生理指标变化与本地乡土植物湖北海棠抗性生理相似。结合前期的形态学研究,进一步从生理水平上佐证了这2个北美海棠品种在武汉地区能够自然生长。     

盐胁迫对悬铃木幼苗生理指标及叶绿素荧光参数的影响

旨在了解悬铃木抗盐性的生理机理,对筛选抗性强的悬铃木树种具有重大意义。以分别采自山东淄博种源三球悬铃木、河南巩义种源二球悬铃木、上海松江种源一球悬铃木的1年生实生苗为材料,研究其在盐质量分数分别为0.2%、0.4%、0.6%下植株叶片中的生理指标以及叶绿素荧光指数Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、qp的变化。结果表明：（1）在NaCl胁迫下,3种悬铃木幼苗植株内MDA含量整体呈上升趋势,但3种幼苗增幅不同,三球增幅最大,一球增幅远远小于其他。（2）在对照时,3种悬铃木幼苗植株内SOD含量没有明显变化,但随着NaCl浓度的增加,3种悬铃木幼苗SOD含量均上升且三球上升幅度最大,一球最小。（3）随着NaCl浓度的增加,3种悬铃木幼苗Fo均增加,Fm、Fv/Fm、qp呈下降趋势,且三球变化幅度最大,二球次之,一球最小。综合各项指标,3种悬铃木幼苗的耐盐性强弱依次是：三球＜二球＜一球。     

水稻WRKY转录因子OsWRKY71的cDNA分离和表达分析

WRKY蛋白是植物中最大的转录因子家族之一,对植物的生长发育具有重要调控作用。利用SMART\|RACE\|PCR技术分离获得水稻WRKY转录因子基因（OsWRKY71）的全长cDNA序列,并进行了相关的生物信息学分析。分离到的水稻WRKY转录因子cDNA全长为1 245 bp（GenBank登录号KJ137000）,开放阅读框1 047 bp,编码348个氨基酸,分子量为3828 kDa,OsWRKY71具有WRKY转录因子家族典型的保守结构域,属于第Ⅱ组WRKY蛋白家族。系统进化分析表明,OsWRKY71氨基酸序列与禾本科作物小麦的亲缘关系最近,其中与小麦序列相似性为69%,和大麦的序列相似性为68%。荧光定量PCR检测表明,OsWRKY71在孕穗期剑叶中表达丰度最高,根中最低,具有表达的空间差异性。抗病品种‘IR28’在受到稻曲菌诱导的初期,OsWRKY71基因表达呈现先升高后下降趋势,易感品种‘甬优9号’在受到稻曲菌诱导后表达受到抑制。这些结果表明,OsWRKY71的表达对稻曲菌侵染有应答响应,很可能在水稻防御稻曲菌侵染的机制中发挥作用。     

基于熵值法的农村居民点整治潜力测算及整治分区研究——以鹤壁市为例

科学合理地测算农村居民点整治潜力,尤其是现实潜力,是开展农村居民点整治和建设新型农村社区的重要依据。以鹤壁市为例,从各乡(镇)的自然、社会、经济和土地4方面的限制性因素进行分析,利用熵值法和聚类分析,对鹤壁市各乡(镇)农村居民点进行了现实整治潜力测算与整治分区。结果表明,鹤壁市农村居民点整治现实潜力综合修正系数为0438　7,增加耕地系数仅为2967%,农村居民点整治理论潜力转化为现实潜力的可行性较差。鹤壁市农村居民点整治潜力较大的地区主要位于城市郊区和浚县的粮食主产区,此区域地形基本以平原为主,土层深厚、质量较好,土地自然限制性较小。     

维氏气单胞菌几丁质酶ChiC的性质和与几丁质结合蛋白协同作用的研究

为了探索维氏气单胞菌B565低酶活几丁质酶ChiC的性质及突破其低酶活的应用瓶颈,构建了重组ChiC毕赤酵母工程菌GS115/PIC9\|ChiC,进行甲醇诱导表达纯化,研究其基本酶学性质。结果表明,ChiC在毕赤酵母中分泌表达,甲醇诱导48 h后,达到摇瓶水平最大表达量232.6 mg/L。ChiC最适反应pH为8.0,温度为40℃。最适反应条件时比活力为7.6 U/mg。ChiC具有较宽的pH及温度适应性,在pH 3.0~10.0,40℃或者0~40℃,pH 7.0, 均可以保持80%以上最适酶活力。同时几丁质结合蛋白CBP21于大肠杆菌中实现胞内可溶表达,其表现出对虾壳几丁质和胶体几丁质的具有不同的结合能力。但CBP21促进ChiC降解胶体几丁质的能力(提高约9倍)明显高于其促进ChiC降解虾壳几丁质的能力(提高约2倍)。上述结果为该几丁质酶基因的深入研究奠定了理论基础,为突破该低酶活几丁质酶的应用瓶颈提供了一种可能的解决方案。     

Profiles of thyrotropin,thyroid hormones,follicular cells and type I deiodinase gene expression during ontogenetic development of tilapia larvae and juveniles

The aims of the present study are to determine whether triiodothyronine (T3) and/or thyroxine (T4) in tilapia larvae is gifted through the mother, and to investigate the change profiles of thyrotropin (TSH), thyroid follicular cells and type I deiodinase (D1) gene expression following larval development. T3 and T4 contents were measured using radioimmunoassay, thyrotropin was observed using immunocytochemistry, and the D1 gene was cloned and measured using real-time PCR. Results indicated that the β-TSH-immunoreactive cells (thyrotropin ICC) signals were detected at 9 dph (i.e., 9 days of post-hatching). Thyroid follicular cells were observed first at 3 dph, while the T3 contents of the whole body gradually decreased before 11 dph. T4 contents were detected until 13 dph, with higher secretion during 19–21 dph. In addition, the T3 synthesis was not inhibited by thiourea (TU) before 13 dph, but the TU response in the larvae appeared after 13 dph. Type I deiodinase (D1: GenBank accession number KC591724) was found to contain 2444 bases and encoded 248 amino acids. The D1 mRNA expression began to increase at 13 dph, with a higher expression during 15–19 dph. These results suggested that the T3 contents were maternally derived before 13 dph. Both thyroid hormonal changes and some parameters related to thyroid hormone synthesis in ontogenetic tilapia are discussed.     

The improvement of growth,digestive enzyme activity and disease resistance of white shrimp by the dietary citric acid

A 45-day feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary citric acid on growth, digestive enzyme and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Shrimp with initial body weight of 5.57 ± 0.21 g were fed with basal diet supplemented with 0.0 g kg^?1 (control), 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0 and 5.0 g kg^?1 citric acid. Results showed that weight gain was increased by 15.9 % and feed conversion ratio was decreased by 0.17 by 2.0 g kg^?1 dietary citric acid compared with control group (P < 0.05). Intestinal protease activity of shrimp fed 2.0 g kg^?1 citric acid was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than that of control group. No significant difference was found in intestinal amylase activity among treatments (P > 0.05). The activities of serum phenoloxidase, superoxide dismutase and lysozyme in 2.0 and 3.0 g kg^?1 citric acid group were significantly higher, and accumulative mortalities of the two groups on the fourth day after injection of Vibrio alginolyticus were significantly lower than those of control group (P < 0.05). Results above demonstrated that dietary citric acid could improve growth performance, immunity and resistance against V. alginolyticus. The supplementation level of citric acid in diet was suggested to be 2.0–3.0 g kg^?1 for white shrimp.     

Isolation of a Phytase-Producing Bacterial Strain from Agricultural Soil and its Characterization and Application as an Effective Eco-Friendly Phosphate Solubilizing Bioinoculant

In the present study, we isolated from agricultural soils, a Bacillus strain designated SD01N-014, expressing high-level extracellular phytase activity and investigated its potential to be used as a soil phosphate-solubilizing bioinoculant to improve soil phosphorus (P) availability and thus enhance plant growth. Soil inoculation test showed that being as an inoculant, SD01N-014 substantially enhanced soil P nutrition. Pot experiments showed that when applied to soils, SD01N-014 is capable of colonizing maize seedling roots, increasing plant-available P levels in the rhizosphere and promoting seedling growth. High tunnel trials with different vegetable plants demonstrated that SD01N-014 as a soil inoculant greatly promoted plant growth and was positively correlated with inoculum sizes. Together, these results indicate that SD01N-014 holds promising potential as a cheap, viable and eco-friendly alternative to chemical P fertilizers for increasing soil fertility and crop production in sustainable farming.     

Exploring patterns of Camellia seed cake application in relation to plant growth,soil nematodes and microbial biomass

ABSTRACT

The suppression of plant-parasitic nematodes is crucial for maintaining the worldwide development of the banana industry. In this study, different application patterns of Camellia seed cake previously reported to suppress root-knot nematode were conducted to manage pests and promote banana seedling growth. The results demonstrated seven days delay before transplanting was necessary after Camellia seed cake application. The dose 5 g/kg soil resulted in best plant growth promotion performance, which increased banana seedling height, stem diameter, shoot, and root fresh weight by upto 29%, 27%, 47%, and 21%, respectively. Plastic film mulching was beneficial when high amount (2%) of Camellia seed cake was added. The application of Camellia seed cake increased nutrient potassium amounts; the abundance of soil free-living nematodes, especially bacterivores; and the abundance of soil microbes and the soil catalase activity, while reduced plant-parasitic nematodes amounts. Further correlation analysis between the soil nematodes and microbial abundance showed that plant-parasite numbers had significant negative correlations with the bacterial biomass and a portion of the fungal biomass; bacterivores had significant positive correlations with the bacterial biomass; and omnivores had significant correlations with the bacterial biomass and fungal biomass. A fundamental challenge of root-knot nematode control is to sustain ecological services without losing biodiversity. This study provided an environmentally friendly strategy based on Camellia seed cake to regulate the soil health and quality.