纤维分解酶处理玉米秸秆对肉牛瘤胃发酵和养分消化代谢的影响

为研究纤维分解酶处理玉米秸秆饲喂肉牛后对瘤胃发酵、养分消化代谢以及氮、磷、甲烷排放和血清生化指标的影响,选用12月龄左右、体况良好、体重近似的西门塔尔牛36头,随机分为4组,每组9头牛。对照组饲喂基础饲粮(混合精料+玉米秸秆;精粗比45∶55),试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别以0.5%、1.0%和1.5%的纤维分解酶处理玉米秸秆替代基础饲粮中的玉米秸秆进行为期80 d的试验。结果表明:试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组总挥发性脂肪酸、丙酸、丁酸和氨态氮浓度均显著高于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05),但乙酸/丙酸和乳酸浓度却显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组干物质、有机物、粗蛋白质、粗脂肪、无氮浸出物、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消化率均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ组消化能、代谢能、沉积能以及沉积能/消化能均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ与Ⅲ组食入氮、可消化氮和沉积氮均显著高于对照组与试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ与Ⅲ组氮排泄/食入氮、磷排泄/食入磷和甲烷排放量均显著低于对照组和试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05);试验Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清甘油三酯、葡萄糖、白蛋白浓度和谷草转氨酶活性均显著高于对照组与试验Ⅰ组(P<0.05)。综合以上各项指标,当处理玉米秸秆的纤维分解酶添加量为1.0%时,瘤胃发酵得到显著改善,饲粮养分消化率显著提高,能量及氮利用率提高,氮、磷和甲烷排放降低。     

饲粮调控对猪胴体脂肪酸的组成改善及氧化稳定性的增强效应

从猪胴体脂肪酸组成特点及其改变的可能性入手 ,系统综述了饲粮中添加不同种类与水平的油脂、全脂油籽与饼粕对猪胴体脂肪酸组成的改善 ,以及维生素E、硒、维生素C、类胡萝卜素与肌肽对不饱和脂肪酸含量较高的胴体脂肪氧化稳定性的增强效应 ,并指出了今后的研究和发展方向。     

冬小麦双覆条播试验初报

试验表明，双覆条播与常规露地条播相比，当季增产率为１６．４８ ％ ，潜在增产率为１１ ．５８ ％ ，理论增产率为２８ ．０６％ ，而且增强了小麦根系生长，地膜还可被下茬作物再利用。     

Influence of murine cytomegalovirus infection on the differentiation and the differentiation genes expression in neural stem cells

AIM: The influence of MCMV infection on differentiation and differentiation gene expression in neural stem cells(NSCs) in vitro were investigated for studying the mechanisms of brain abnormalities caused by congenital cytomegalovirus infection.METHODS: NSCs were separated from fetal BALB/C mouse, and cultured and identified in vitro. The differentiation potency of NSCs was observed by immunofluorescence. The NSCs infected by MCMV at dosage of MOI(multiplicity of infection) equaled to 5, 1 and 0.1,respectively, were cultured in differentiation medium. The morphological changes of infected cells were observed under inverted microscope. The ratios of NSCs and its differentiated cells were detected by flow cytometry. The expressions of nestin, GFAP and NSE, markers of NSCs and its differentiated cells, were studied by immunofluorescence(MOI=1). The expression of early antigen(EA) of MCMV was detected to observe the infection process. Real-time RT-PCR method was employed to measure the expression levels of the key genes Neurog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs at early stage of differentiation culture.RESULTS: NSCs isolated from embryonic mouse brains proliferated to form neurospheres, strongly expressed nestin and differentiated into NF-200 positive neurons or GFAP positive astrocytes. The infected NSCs did not adhere to the wall and appeared differentiation growths, but showed swollen gradually after differentiation culture. The nestin expression in the infected cells downregulated slowly and was higher than that in control groups(P<0.05). The GFAP and NSE expressions of the infected cells were lower than those in control groups(P<0.05). The early antigen(EA) of MCMV was always detected in the cells in infected groups. The ratios of nestin positive cells in infected groups were higher than those in control groups, but the ratios of GFAP and NSE positive cells of former were lower than that of the latter from 3rd to 9th d after differentiation culture(P<0.05). The levels of Neurog2 mRNA and Myc mRNA in infected groups were markedly lower than those in normal control groups on 1st d and from 1st to 4th d after differentiation culture, respectively(P<0.05). The levels of Ccnd1 mRNA of infected groups were obviously lower than those in normal control groups from 12th h to 1st d(P<0.05). These changes in infected groups became more obvious as MCMV MOI increased.CONCLUSION: MCMV significantly inhibits differentiation of NSCs to neurons and astrocytes, and leads to the decrease in differentiated cells. MCMV inhibits or interferes with the gene expression of Neurog2, Myc and Ccnd1 in Wnt signal pathway of NSCs. The effect that MCMV inhibits the expressions of differentiation and the differentiation genes in NSCs shows dose-dependent with MCMV MOI. The inhibitory effect of MCMV on the differentiation of NSCs might be induced by interfering with the expression of differentiation gene in NSCs, which is possibly the one of primary causes of brain development disorders induced by congenital CMV infection.     

菠菜品种比较试验

对引进的法莲草、胜先锋、黄菠、全能、超越、墨丽、无敌、急先峰、春夏、赤虎耳等10个菠菜品种进行植物学性状、产量、抗病性的分析比较试验。试验结果表明，超越和黄菠两个品种具备产量高、品质优、抗病性强等优点，可作为福州市秋、冬菠菜的主栽品种。     

‘国光’苹果及其红色芽变花青苷合成与相关酶活性的研究

 以‘国光’苹果及其红色芽变为试材, 测定了果实发育期间的花青苷含量及其相关酶活性,并研究了套袋对芽变花青苷合成的影响。结果显示: ①在果实发育期间, 芽变果皮的花青苷含量明显高于‘国光’, 尤其是成熟期芽变果皮花青苷含量为132170 U·g^-1FW, 而‘国光’仅为49140 U·g^-1FW; ②在果实发育期间, 两个品种间PAL 和UFGT的酶活性无明显差异, 但芽变的CHI和DFR酶活性明显高于‘国光’, 表明芽变花青苷合成能力的提高与CHI和DFR酶活性高有关; ③套袋抑制芽变果皮花青苷的合成, 但解袋后花青苷的含量极显著升高, 解袋后4种酶的变化趋势差异较大, CHI和UFGT活性均迅速升高, 明显高于对照, 这与解袋后花青苷迅速合成相吻合。综上结果, 芽变与原有品种在着色机理上的关键指标是果皮花青苷含量和CHI酶活性。     

2006年贵州省赫章县秋季小麦条锈病调查

为了解中国新发现的小麦条锈病菌越夏区贵州省赫章县小麦条锈病秋季发生情况,2006年秋季笔者主要对该县古基乡、野马川镇、六曲河镇进行了调查,共调查119块地,自生麦病田率为55%,秋播小麦病田率为20.20%。古基乡发病较多,自生麦苗上有多个发病中心,有的秋播小麦田块亦呈现病叶较集中现象。在海拔1660-1910m范围内,都有小麦条锈病发生,说明当地越夏菌源能够为本地区秋苗发病提供充足菌量。对进一步研究内容进行了讨论并提出了赫章县小麦条锈病治理措施。     

国内外辐照食品现状及我国的发展对策

本文就目前国内外辐照食品的现状进行了概述,并对我国辐照食品存在的问题及发展对策进行了简单的分析。