种公猪精液中猪瘟和蓝耳病病毒混合感染的快速检测

参考GenBank公布的猪蓝耳病病毒(PRRSV)VL2332株、LV株以及猪瘟兔化弱毒(CSFV)C株的基因序列,各设计合成了一对引物,建立了在相同PCR扩增条件下能同时检测PRRSV和CSFV的RT-PCR方法。对2003~2004年期间江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、上海等省市的17个大中型猪场送检的186份种公猪精液进行了检测,结果18份呈PRRSV阳性,24份呈CSFV阳性,其中有11份为PRRSV和CSFV的混合感染,约占送检精液样品的5.91%。试验结果表明,所建立的RT-PCR方法可用于精液中这2种野毒感染的快速鉴定和分子流行病学调查。     

云岭黑山羊受体在夏季同期发情处理效果分析

对 2 2 4只云岭黑山羊及其杂交羊在夏季用CIDR孕酮栓 PMSG法进行同期发情处理 ,结果表明 :①总体发情率为64 73 % ,移植率为 47 3 2 % ,其中发情羊在撤栓后 48小时内 10 0 %发情 ,同期化程度高 ;②楚雄羊 (n =44只 )、师宗羊 (n =96只 )、文山羊 (n =71只 )和杂交羊 (n =9只 ) ,发情率分别为 :5 2 2 7%、65 63 %、66 2 0 %和 10 0 0 0 % ,以杂交羊的同期发情率和移植率高于楚雄山羊 (P <0 0 1)、师宗山羊和文山山羊 (P <0 0 5 ) ,但三个地方的云岭黑山羊的发情率和移植率均无显著差异 (P >0 0 5 ) ;③ 1～ 2 5岁受体羊的发情率比 3～ 5岁羊高 17 74个百分点 (P <0 0 5 ) ,移植率高 11 0 6个百分点(P >0 0 5 ) ;④ 2 0～ 2 9kg羊的发情率分别比 3 0～ 3 9kg和 40～ 5 1kg的羊群高 19 2 3个百分点 (P <0 0 5 )和 2 6 0 1个百分点(P <0 0 1) ;移植率分别高 13 0 7和 14 83个百分点 (P >0 0 5 ) ;⑤青年羊的掉栓率显著低于经产羊 (P <0 0 5 ) ,而掉栓羊群和持栓羊群的发情率和移植率分别比较 ,差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 ) ;⑥处理羊在第 16天撤栓和第 17天撤栓的同期发情率差异不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。     

Effects of oral administration of different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broilers

Essential oils are widely used in the pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries, and many plant essential oils have shown that they have positive effects on broilers nutrition. This experiment was conducted to study the effects of orally administered different dosages of carvacrol essential oils on intestinal barrier function in broiler chickens. A total of eighty 28‐day‐old (1.28 ± 0.15 kg) ROSS 308 broilers were randomly allocated to four groups of 20 replicates each, with one chicken per replicate per cage, and all were fed with the same diet. Four experimental groups were orally administered 0, 200, 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils at 18:00 hr every day during the 2‐week experimental period. As a result of which, the gene expression of the occludin, claudin‐1, claudin‐5, ZO‐1 and ZO‐2 in intestinal mucosa of small intestine (p < 0.05) and the goblet cell content in small intestine epithelium (p < 0.05) were significantly increased; test subjects with 300 or 400 μl carvacrol essential oils reduced the microbial counts of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in the intestines (p < 0.05); Essential oils administration also significantly increased activity of the sucrase (p < 0.05) and lactase (p < 0.05) in intestinal mucosa. In conclusion, the carvacrol essential oils have positive effects on growth performance and intestinal barriers function of broilers; those effects may be related to the dosage, as administration of 300 or 400 μl was more effective than that of 200 μl.     

检疫犬基地建设与发展策略探讨

检疫犬应用技术作为一种特殊的检验检疫手段,目前已被30多个国家或地区应用于检验检疫领域。许多国家或地区已建有自己的国家级工作犬训练基地。近年来,由于出入境业务量的迅速增长,我国对检疫犬数量的需求逐年攀升,明确要建成2个国家级检疫犬繁殖训养中心。检疫犬基地作为培养检疫犬的重要场所,其基地面积、位置规划、人力资源、种犬储备、幼犬来源等的科学合理规划,对保证其可持续发展具有重要意义。检疫犬基地的可持续发展,需要准确定位功能需求,搞好种犬繁育,统筹储备人力资源,建设生态环保基地,挖掘和利用社会资源,以及拓展其它功能建设,从而做到行业引领。     

干旱区工业废渣粉煤灰回填材料拌合物的流动性能研究

针对干旱区存在大量的粉煤类废弃物及回填工程中作业面受限或结构物死角存在压实不到位的工程问题,提出以粉煤灰为主要成分、以及部分砂、水泥的流动化回填材料,分析拌合物流动性能受材料掺量、时间影响的变化规律,建议采用坍落扩展度作为流动性能评价指标,水泥掺量对流动性能影响甚微,坍落扩展度与水固比成线性关系;同一种集料,不同粉煤灰掺量拌合物达到相同的流动性能,水固比呈先降后升的变化趋势;拌合物坍落扩展度在前60min内降低显著,随时间变化,坍落扩展度趋于一致,拌合物中集料颗粒越小,保持流动性的能力越强.     

不同缺水量对作物生理指标的影响研究

作物缺水量是作物生长需求的重要指标之一,依据作物生理需水量建立作物缺水模型是作物缺水量研究的新方法。作物叶面积和茎秆直径是作物生长生理指标的重要因子之一。本研究通过试验建立作物不同缺水量对作物叶面积和茎秆直径变化的影响,并依此为依据建立作物缺水生理指标变化模型,经过检验可以得出模型效果较好。作物缺水模型可以根据不同生理指标变化模型判断出不同作物缺水量时作物所表现出来的生理指标变化,为进一步研究依据不同生理指标变化指导作物定量补水研究奠定基础。     

High-throughput screening reveals small molecule modulators inhibitory to Acidovorax citrulli

Acidovorax citrulli is a seed-transmitted gram-negative bacterium that can cause substantial economic yield loss in watermelon and melon production worldwide. Four small-molecule libraries containing 4,952 compounds were selected for high-throughput screening against A. citrulli wild-type strain Xu3-14 by evaluation of growth inhibition. One hundred and twenty-seven molecules (2.5% hit rate) were identified as bactericidal or bacteriostatic against A. citrulli at 100 μM. Secondary screens indicated that 27 candidate compounds were more effective against A. citrulli Group II strains than Group I strains (classified using repetitive element PCR). Several compounds were inhibitory to other pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis and Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, but did not affect the growth of plant beneficial bacteria Pseudomonas fluorescens and Bacillus subtilis. More than half of the compounds did not inhibit germination of Arabidopsis or watermelon seeds. The effect of small molecules on A. citrulli seed-to-seedling transmission was evaluated by applying each compound to inoculated watermelon seeds and assessing seedling infection. Nine compounds were chosen for further investigation based on their reduction of percentage seedling infection and compiling scores on their specificity, sensitivity, and phytotoxicity obtained in the secondary screens. The five best compounds were selected (thiamphenicol, nadifloxacin, pipemidic acid, ciclopirox, and zinc pyrithione) for greenhouse tests and were found to effectively reduce the seed-to-seedling transmission of A. citrulli in both artificially and naturally infested seeds. These top five compounds provide a basis for future development of an A. citrulli-specific bactericide.     

无锡市水利风景区建设与管理的实践及思考

水利风景区建设是生态文明建设的重要组成部分.本文介绍了无锡市在水利风景区建设工作中取得的成果与经验.无锡市在水利风景区建设工作中,目标明确、创新政策机制、有的放矢、挖掘地方特色、合理开发、注重生态修复和经济效益,景区建设成效显著.通过近几年工作实践,总结出水利风景区建设与管理规律与经验,可为周边兄弟市水利风景区创建与管理工作提供一些参考.     

贵州省农机专业合作社现状及发展建议

近年来,随着《中华人民共和国农民专业合作社法》的颁布和农机购置补贴力度的不断加大,贵州省农机专业合作社得到了较快发展。现有的农机专业合作社较好地解决了农机规模化作业与小农户分散经营的矛盾,有利于资源的合理配置和减轻农户劳动强度,解放了大量的农村劳动力,有效地增加了农民的收入。为此,通过对贵州省农机专业合作社的基本情况、发展特点、在农业生产中所发挥的作用及存在的问题等方面进行了较为广泛与深入的阐述,提出贵州省农机专业合作社建设中的若干建议,供相关部门参考。     

江苏省水稻主产区水稻种植面积时空动态变化分析

【目的】揭示江苏省水稻种植时空格局及动态变化特征，评价其稳定生产水平和种 植结构的空间变化规律，为江苏省水稻生产空间布局的优化调整和可持续发展提供决策依 据。【方法】文章选择江苏省水稻主产区50 个1∶50 000 比例尺标准地形图图幅单元为研究 区域，基于江苏省5 m 空间分辨率耕地遥感数据库，利用2011—2019 年水稻生长期内多源 遥感卫星影像，提取研究区当年的水稻种植面积及空间分布信息。运用数理统计和GIS 空间 分析功能，研究水稻面积变化幅度、变异系数以及转非水稻面积的时空分布特征，继而分析 2011—2019 年水稻种植面积的时空动态变化。【结果】研究区内50% 的地区水稻种植面积 仍然保持相对稳定，42% 的地区水稻种植面积缓慢下降，仅8% 的地区水稻种植面积急剧下 降。2011 年以来，累计有11.6 万hm2 水稻田逐年转为非耕地或持续种植其他作物，占2011 年研究区内水稻种植面积的13.7%。【结论】2011—2019 年研究区内水稻种植面积变化趋势 线斜率为-0.88，总体呈下降趋势，水稻面积平均变化率为-1.03%，变异系数为2.99%。