硫磺对苹果连作土壤环境及平邑甜茶幼苗生长的影响

以盆栽的试验方式，研究了在老龄苹果园土壤中添加不同量（0、0.1、0.3、0.5 g ? kg-1）的硫磺对土壤微生物环境及再植平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）幼苗的影响，为减轻苹果连作障碍提供理论依据。温室和露地盆栽结果显示：硫磺对改善连作土壤环境及促进平邑甜茶幼苗的生长具有良好的效果，但不同添加量促进效果不尽相同，其中以0.3 g ? kg-1的促进效果最为显著。与对照相比，0.3 g ? kg-1的硫磺处理浓度下平邑甜茶幼苗株高、地径、鲜质量、干质量分别增加了60.83%（26.03%，露地数据，下同）、26.78%（19.66%）、73.44%（62.15%）和93.32%（72.93%）；根长、根表面积、根体积、根尖数、根系呼吸速率提高了1.47倍（1.82倍）、2.28倍（2.05倍）、2.05倍（2.74倍）、1.73倍（1.67倍）、2.12倍（1.98倍）。硫磺处理后叶片叶绿素含量、光合参数、土壤酶的活性均有不同程度提高。0.3 g ? kg-1硫磺处理具有最高的细菌与真菌比值、真菌的丰富度和多样性指数及最低的优势度指数。主成分分析发现，随硫磺添加量增加，土壤真菌群落与对照距离越来越远，但当添加量由0.3 g ? kg-1增加至0.5 g ? kg-1对改善连作土壤环境的效果不是特别明显。实时荧光定量结果表明，硫磺的添加可以显著降低串珠镰孢菌基因拷贝数。综上，0.3 g ? kg-1硫磺处理可较好地优化土壤环境，促进平邑甜茶幼苗的生长，可作为一种减轻苹果连作障碍的有效方法。     

Development and Application of Cotton InDel Markers Based on High Throughput Sequencing

[Objective] Dimorphic InDel markers can be used for cotton variety identification and purity detection, to improve the accuracy and efficiency of cotton seed testing, and to play a role in molecular breeding of cotton. [Method] Based on the whole genome sequencing of 121 cotton varieties from different sources, the InDel markers with high polymorphism were developed according to polymorphism information content(PIC) and were applied in the genetic distance analysis and cluster analysis by using 66 cotton varieties in China. [Result] Totally 10 967 InDel were identified based on the next generation sequencing data of 121 cotton varieties. Among the 85 pairs of InDel primers synthesized, 64 were selected including 35 from At group and 29 from Dt group. The minimum average allelic frequency(MAF) of At and Dt chromosomes were 0.45 and 0.32, respectively, while the PIC were 0.49 and 0.40, respectively. The genetic distances of the 66 cotton varieties ranged from 0.04 to 0.65 centimorgan (cM), with an average of 0.39 cM. The two varieties with the largest genetic distance were Simian 3 and CCRI 36, and the two varieties with the smallest genetic distance were Xumian 18 and Xuza 3. [Conclusion] The 64 cotton dimorphic InDel markers can effectively reveal the relationships among varieties based on the genetic distance, and distinguish cotton varieties from different sources, which has certain theoretical significance and application value.     

水盐交互作用对河套灌区土壤光谱特征的影响

为探究土壤水盐交互作用对Sentinel-2卫星光谱特征的影响，该研究以内蒙古河套灌区沙壕渠灌域为研究区域，分别在2018年和2019年的4-5月共采集280个裸土期表层土壤样本，测定其土壤含水率和含盐量，并获取同步的Sentinel-2卫星遥感数据，构建基于土壤水盐-反射率原理的土壤光谱特征理论模型，在此基础上结合土壤水盐交互作用构建水盐交互模型，并比较2种模型对土壤光谱的模拟效果，分析土壤水盐交互作用对土壤光谱估算的影响。结果表明：1）土壤水盐交互作用对光谱的影响因波段类型和水盐含量的不同而有所不同。在可见光范围上影响相对较弱，其作用范围为-0.11～0.29；在近红外和短波红外范围上影响相对较强，其作用范围为-0.35～0.61；当水分或盐分中某个含量较高时对光谱影响较弱，其主要集中在-0.1～0.23；，在水盐含量程度相似时影响较强，其作用范围为0.3～0.6。2）与土壤光谱特征理论模型相比，水盐交互模型能明显地改善土壤光谱的模拟效果，能将模拟相关系数由0.14～0.44提升到0.29～0.70，均方根误差由0.032～0.082降低到0.029～0.068。该研究结果揭示了盐分和水分对光谱特征的干扰过程，为土壤盐分的估算提供策略与方法，对实现区域尺度上土壤盐分的精准监测具有一定的意义。     

转基因抗虫棉sGK中3017良种繁育技术

总结归纳丰产转基因抗虫棉sGK中3017良种繁育技术.主要包括:良繁田选择、种子选择、田间管理、收获、检测等关键技术.     

不同杀菌剂对向日葵菌核病的田间防治效果

为探明不同杀菌剂对向日葵菌核病的田间防治效果,采用菌丝生长速率法和孢子萌发法测定5种杀菌剂对向日葵菌核病菌的菌丝生长和子囊孢子萌发的抑制作用,并进行田间防治试验。结果表明,20%吡噻菌胺SC对菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,EC₅₀值为0.0302μg/mL,其次为75%拿敌稳WG和50%啶酰菌胺WG,EC₅₀值分别为0.0370和0.2152μg/mL。50%啶酰菌胺WG对菌核病菌子囊孢子的抑制作用最强,EC₅₀值为0.0563μg/mL。田间试验结果显示,50%啶酰菌胺WG对向日葵菌核病的防治效果最好,防效达到89.68%,可有效改善向日葵相关农艺性状,较对照增产34.58%。综合室内毒力试验和田间药效试验结果,50%啶酰菌胺WG对向日葵菌核病的防治效果较好,可作为田间控制病害的轮换药剂。     

Selection of soybean elite cultivars based on phenotypic and genomic characters related to lodging tolerance

Soybean lodging can result in serious yield reduction. Detecting the quantitative trait loci (QTL) associated with lodging tolerance for their further application in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) has the potential to enhance soybean breeding efficiency. In this study, a genome‐wide association analysis (GWAS) was performed to identify soybean accessions that could potentially be used to produce lodging‐tolerant varieties, based on the comprehensive evaluation of lodging scores (LS) obtained for the parental cultivar “Tokachi nagaha” and its 137 derived cultivars. Results showed that genotype, environment and genotype × environment interaction significantly influenced LS. Of the 31 significant SNPs identified, 22 were consistently detected in two or more environments and 27 SNPs were located in or close to agronomically important QTL mapped by linkage analysis. Best linear unbiased predictors (BLUPs) of LS tend to decrease with the elite alleles contained by accessions increasing. Some excellent accessions, with lower BLUPs and D_i (stability coefficients) values and more elite alleles, were selected. This study contributed to understand the genetic mechanism of lodging, providing genetic and phenotypic information for MAS.     

侧金盏属植物药学研究新进展（英文）

侧金盏属植物在我国分布较广,资源量较大,具强心苷等多种活性成分,临床主要用于治疗充血性心力衰竭等心脏病。目前对其他活性成分的药理和临床应用研究较不充分,在广泛文献检索基础上,对侧金盏属的种类、成分、药理、临床应用和禁忌等进行了综述,为进一步开发利用提供资料。     

中国土壤上的沉默权分析

沉默权起源于17世纪的英国,因为制度的先进性和理论的合理性后被广为推崇.我国学界对中国是否应该引入沉默权展开了激烈的讨论.从中国沉默权的立法现状着手,论证了在中国土壤下建立沉默权的可行性,并在建构这项制度方面提出了自已的建议.     

转录组的测序方法及应用研究概述

转录组研究是基因的结构和功能研究的基础,转录组测序技术在近年来取得了很大的进展,被应用到多种动植物中。利用其能够获得大量未知序列的优势,已经被广泛应用到未知基因挖掘、分子调控及相关代谢途径中。该研究主要介绍了转录组研究的方法、转录组测序技术的发展及其在动植物中的重要应用,并讨论其存在的问题及发展趋势。