烤烟套种甘薯对烟叶质量、烟薯产量及土壤温湿度的影响

为筛选出适宜与烤烟套种的甘薯品种,解决部分烟区烤烟种植调茬难度大与综合效益低等问题,通过田间大区试验,研究烤烟套种不同甘薯品种对烟叶质量、烟薯产量及土壤温湿度的影响。结果表明,烟薯套种能够明显提升土壤相对含水率和烟叶产量,其相对含水率提高幅度介于12.03%~91.88%,烤烟产量增幅为12.29%~31.26%。烤烟套种甘薯以紫薯产量最高,块根产量达29400 kg/hm ²,且单薯质量大于100 g占总薯重的比例在紫薯中最高。烤烟套种甘薯提升了烤烟中上部烟叶的总糖和还原糖含量,降低了烟碱和总氮含量,有利于改善烟叶内在品质。烤烟套种甘薯降低了上部烟叶含梗率,但增大了上部烟叶叶面密度,以烤烟套种紫薯表现突出。烤烟与紫薯套种,可作为一种烟田增产、烟叶增值和烟农增收的种植模式。     

雪山草鸡感染传染性法氏囊病病毒新型变异株的鉴定

传染性法氏囊病病毒(infectious bursal disease virus,IBDV)新型变异株正在我国广泛蔓延,给商品肉鸡群和蛋鸡群带来了新的威胁。本研究对一个疑似发生非典型传染性法氏囊病的地方品种雪山草鸡群进行了RT-PCR检测,并对分离的3株毒株进行了基因测序及序列分析。结果显示,引起该鸡群发病的病原是IBDV新型变异株,属于A2dB1基因型;这3个毒株的VP2高变区编码蛋白上含有IBDV变异株的特征性氨基酸,也具有IBDV新型变异株的独特氨基酸。结果提示,我国地方品种鸡群中也有IBDV新型变异株的流行,现有的部分商品化IBDV疫苗已不能有效预防IBDV新型变异株的流行。     

太子参须提取物对鸭流感病毒体外试验初探

为尝试性探究太子参须提取物对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长的抑制作用,本文基于TCID50试验检测鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外感染不同处理组的MDCK细胞。结果表明,太子参须提取物高低剂量组(75%、25%)和黄芪多糖阳性对照组均对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒体外生长产生抑制,且太子参须提取物高剂量组(75%)的抑制作用最优。结论:太子参须提取物对鸭H9N2亚型流感病毒在MDCK细胞上的体外增殖具有一定抑制作用,且呈相应剂量关系。     

Quantitative trait loci for fruit size and flowering time-related traits under domestication and diversifying selection in cucumber (Cucumis sativus)

In cucumber, the genetic basis of traits under domestication and/or diversifying selection is not well understood. Here, we reported QTL mapping for flowering time and fruit size-related traits with segregating populations derived from a cultivated × wild cross. Phenotypic data of flowering time (FT), fruit size (FS), fruit number (FN) and fruit weight per plant (FW) were collected in multiple environments. QTL analysis identified 19 QTL for these traits. We found that the major-effect QTL FT1.1 played an important role in regulating flowering time in cultivated cucumber, whereas the minor-effect QTL FT6.3 contributed to photoperiod sensitive flowering time during domestication. Two novel consensus FS QTL, FS1.4 and FS2.3, seem to be the targets of selection during breeding for the US processing cucumber. All other FS QTL were co-localized with previously detected QTL using populations derived from cultivated cucumbers, suggesting that they were under selection during both initial domestication and subsequent improvement. Results from this study also suggested that the wild cucumber is a useful resource for capturing positive transgressive segregation and novel alleles that could be explored in cucumber breeding.     

β-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum

Weaning may cause oxidative injury, immune response impairment, apoptosis and other injuries in piglets. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can elicit inflammatory responses, and persistent oxidative and ERS also may lead to apoptotic cascades, which is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. β-carotene, a natural carotenoid, has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the effect of β-carotene on apoptosis in weaned piglets and the detailed molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-carotene decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglet serum. β-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum. In addition, β-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, β-carotene had a significant influence on the activation of ERS and apoptosis-related signals in TG-induced IPEC-J2. In the present study, β-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that β-carotene may protect weaning-induced apoptosis through inhibiting ERS.     

贵州省城乡人口变化与建设用地扩张的脱钩关系

[目的]研究贵州省人口与建设用地变化的关系,以促进土地资源优化配置。[方法]利用贵州省2000—2017年城乡人口及建设用地数据,采用脱钩模型和GIS空间分析方法,研究城乡人地关系演化过程。[结果]贵州省城镇人口持续增加,乡村人口逐年减少;城乡建设用地面积不断扩大,城镇和乡村建设用地同向增长。2000—2008年,贵州省城乡人口变化与建设用地扩张关系为强负脱勾类型,乡村人口与乡村建设用地变化为强负脱钩类型,城镇人口与城镇建设用地变化为扩张负脱钩类型。农村人口减少伴随着建设用地增加,农村人地关系处于较不合理状态;城镇人口和建设用地二者均增长,但建设用地增幅快于人口增幅。[结论]贵州省应积极推动农村宅基地流转,提高城乡建设用地集约利用水平,促进城乡融合。     

农业用地土壤重金属样本点数据精化方法——以北京市顺义区为例

样本点空间分布是样点数据检测评价和挖掘分析的关键因素。以北京市顺义区为例，研发了一种农业用地土壤重金属样本点数据精化方法：首先构建样本点均匀变异指数和均匀因子离散图来共同检测样本点数据均匀性，进一步将样本点类型划分为均匀样本点、聚集样本点和稀疏样本点并确定其数量；其次删除聚集样本点，基于研究区历史数据加密稀疏样本点；最后基于地理空间样本点均匀变异指数、特征空间偏离指数和插值误差共同评价数据精化效果。结果表明，研究区样本点的均匀变异指数为0.429，存在一个聚集样本点和一个稀疏样本点，空间偏离指数为0.327，空间属性插值误差为6.538；冗余数据精化后进行均匀性检测没有发现聚集样本点和稀疏样本点，均匀变异指数下降到0.406，特征空间偏离指数微弱下降，空间属性插值误差下降到6.357。研究表明该方法可以对提高采样数据的均匀性和代表性提供理论指导，可以服务于土壤污染防治行动计划（土十条）、土壤污染状况详查等，为更加精确研究土壤空间信息变化提供一定的基础条件。