恩诺沙星对人工诱发的鸡大肠杆菌病的疗效

应用氟喹诺酮类抗菌动物专用药恩诺沙星水溶性粉剂对人工感染大肠杆菌病的雏鸡进行了治疗研究,用环丙沙星、阳性空白对照、阴性空白对照进行了比较。结果表明,６０,３０,１０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１浓度的恩诺沙星可溶性粉剂的保护率分别为８５．７％,７７．１％,２８．６％;环丙沙星２０ｍｇ·Ｌ－１的保护率为７４．３％,阳性对照组为１１．４％,阴性对照组为１００％．说明恩诺沙星对鸡大肠杆菌病有较好的疗效。     

江西鹅鸭地方品种肌肉氨基酸含量的测定与分析

对６个江西地方品种大余麻鸭、吉安红毛鸭、兴国灰鹅、广丰白银鹅、丰城灰鹅和莲花白鹅的胸肌氨基酸含量进行了测定,结果表明：肌肉氨基酸总量和必需氨基酸的含量在６个鹅鸭品种间存在一定的差异。含量最高的是广丰白银鹅。主要的鲜味氨基酸－谷氨酸的含量以吉安红毛鸭最高。而各种氨基酸的相对含量在各品种间基本相似,表明氨基酸的组成具有一定的规律性和相对的稳定性。     

林分立木材积估计的新方法

利用相对树高曲线法建立杉木,马尾松的分树种和不分树种的模型,结合二元材积表估测林分和样地的立木蓄积,接近用二元材积表法估测立木蓄积的精度,比一元材积表法估测的精度有大幅度的提高。     

Characterizing a novel predator–prey relationship between native Diplonychus esakii (Heteroptera: Belostomatidae) and invasive Gambusia affinis (Teleostei: Poeciliidae) in central China

International Aquatic Research - A considerable body of the literature considers the potential impact of exotic predators on native prey organisms, while comparatively, few studies have asked...     

短梳角野螟的形态描述及幼虫虫龄判断

短梳角野螟Meroctena tullalis(Walker)是为害红花天料木Homalium hainanense Gagnep的重要食叶害虫,其形态描述和幼虫准确分龄是开展害虫生物生态学及林间防控研究的重要依据。本文采用林间采样与室内饲养相结合的方法,首次对短梳角野螟卵、幼虫、蛹和成虫的形态及生活习性和生活史进行调查和描述。并通过测定头宽、头长和体长3项分龄指标,利用SPSS Statistics19.0统计软件对数据进行频次分析,结合戴氏法则和线性回归等试图探究准确划分幼虫虫龄的可靠方法。结果表明:短梳角野螟幼虫随龄期增长,幼虫颜色由浅黄绿色逐渐变为深绿色,头部由肉色逐渐变深,最后形成外围红褐色中间深肉色。通过频次分析统计,测得短梳角野螟幼虫虫龄为5龄;头宽可作为最佳分龄指标,且头宽测量指标平均值自然对数与幼虫龄期呈线性关系(y=0.181 6x-0.602 3,R2=0.999 1)。头长和体长统计检验,符合戴氏法则,但频次分析5个峰值不是很明显,且有部分区域重叠,只能作为划分虫龄的辅助指标。本研究确定了短梳角野螟各虫态的形态特征及划分幼虫龄期的最佳指标,以期为该虫林间防治提供生物学依据。     

Soil water dynamics and deep soil recharge in a record wet year in the southern Loess Plateau of China

Terrestrial water cycles are influenced by hydrologic and textural properties of the deep loess layer in the Loess Plateau. Analyses of soil water profile distributions are needed to understand the regional water cycle processes and to guide agricultural production and sustainability. The objective of this study was to quantify the extent of deep soil water recharge and soil water profile dynamics during 1987-2003, especially in a record wet year of 2003, in common cropping systems in a semiarid-subhumid region of the southern Loess Plateau. The Chinese Ecological Research Network (CERN) site and a long-term rotation experiment site in a flat tableland were selected for this study. Soil moisture profiles were measured by a neutron probe to a depth of 6 m in 2003. The precipitation of 954 mm at the Changwu County Meteorological Station in 2003 was 63.4% higher than the long-term average (584 mm), and was a record high since 1957. Although cropping systems affected deep soil water recharge, the persistent dry soil layer formed between 2- and 3-m depths in croplands, resulting from many years of intensive cropping, was fully replenished in all cropping systems in 2003. Further frequency analysis indicated that the desiccated layer between 2- and 3-m depths would be fully recharged at least once in about 10 years for all existing cropping systems excluding continuous alfalfa. This finding should alleviate concerns about the formation of a permanent deep-soil desiccation layer as well as its potential impact on the long-term sustainability of the existing intensive cropping systems in the region.     

拖移圆形喷灌机转移作业点过程中的影响因素

拖移圆形喷灌机数量在不断增加,但在拖移过程中存在诸多影响因素未能从理论上加以阐明.对拖移过程的受力情况进行分析,以机组不发生侧翻为约束条件,建立了机组从一个作业点拖移到另外作业点的拖移路径中相邻跨体夹角α的约束不等式数学模型,并推导出拖移路径的最小曲率半径;同理,建立了坡度角β的约束不等式数学模型.在此基础上,推导出在α和β共同作用下的机组不侧翻约束不等式,通过对实际情况进行简化,得出跨体夹角不大于5°的情况下,通过坡度最大值不能超过10°的简易结论.在风力超过10m/s的情况下不宜进行拖移,在此过程中,行走速度不宜超过2 km/h.     

Minimally invasive evaluation of the anaesthetic efficacy of MS‐222 for ornamental discus fish using skin mucus biomarkers

Skin mucus has been demonstrated to provide stress biomarkers for evaluating the physiological status, providing new convenient and non‐invasive methods to detect stress response in fish. Here, we investigated the anaesthetic efficacy of tricaine methanesulphonate (MS‐222; 75–115 mg/L) for discus Symphysodon aequifasciata (34.27 ± 4.46 g; 8.10 ± 0.59 cm) using skin mucus stress biomarkers. The induction time, recovery time and respiratory frequency were also determined. According to the criteria for anaesthesia and recovery, discus fish to reach stage A3 (deep anaesthesia) within 3 min and to reach stage R4 (full recovery of normal behaviour) within 5 min were observed at 95–105 mg/L MS‐222. Respiratory frequency increased first and then decreased during MS‐222 exposure and increased after recovery. At 10 min after deep anaesthesia, a lower mucus glucose was only observed at 115 mg/L MS‐222. No change in mucus cortisol and increased lactate were observed in all treatments. Increased mucus protein was observed at 75, 85 and 95 mg/L MS‐222. At 10 min after recovery, increased mucus glucose and decreased mucus protein were observed at 85, 95 and 115 mg/L MS‐222, but increased mucus cortisol only at 115 mg/L and lactate only at 75 and 105 mg/L MS‐222. At 24 hr after recovery, mucus glucose returned to the initial level only at 75, 95 and 105 mg/L MS‐222, while cortisol at 75 and 85 mg/L and protein and lactate at 75 mg/L respectively. Overall, the effective dose of MS‐222 for discus fish has been suggested to be 95–105 mg/L.     

不同种植间距对香根草植物边坡优先流发育特征的影响

[目的] 分析优先流在香根草边坡中的发育特征,研究植物根系与优先流之间的关系,为进一步研究降雨条件下植物根系对边坡土体稳定性的影响提供理论依据。[方法] 以种植间距为50 cm和10 cm的香根草为研究对象,模拟30 mm和50 mm两种不同的降雨量,采用示踪剂试验研究了香根草边坡土壤的优先流发育特征。[结果] 香根草种植间距从50 cm减少到10 cm会增大边坡的水力响应。在50 mm的降雨量作用下,10 cm种植间距的香根草边坡土壤的染色面积比率和优先流比分别是50 cm的1.55,1.76倍。表层土0—10 cm土层深度范围内染色路径数量变化不明显,在10—35 cm深度土层范围,10 cm种植间距的染色路径数量多于50 cm种植间距的香根草边坡土壤。当降雨量由30 mm增加至50 mm时,水流会通过优势通道更迅速迁移到边坡土壤中。降雨量为30 mm土壤的染色面积比率（36.11%）和优先流比（67.25%）小于50 mm土壤的染色面积比率（49.68%）和优先流比（79.96%）,并且染色路径数量随着降雨量的增加而增多。[结论] 香根草根系特征与优先流关系密切。选择植物护坡时,应合理选择植物的种植间距,使根系护坡在力学效应和水文效应上最大化。     

基于卷积神经网络与迁移学习的油茶病害图像识别

传统的植物病害图像识别准确率严重依赖于耗时费力的人工特征设计。该文利用深度卷积神经网络强大的特征学习和特征表达能力来自动学习油茶病害特征,并借助迁移学习方法将Alex Net模型在Image Net图像数据集上学习得到的知识迁移到油茶病害识别任务。对油茶叶片图像进行阈值分割、旋转对齐、尺度缩放等预处理后,按照病害特征由人工分为藻斑病、软腐病、煤污病、黄化病和健康叶5个类别。每个类别各选取750幅图像组成样本集,从样本集中随机选择80%的样本用作训练集,剩余20%用作测试集。利用随机裁剪、旋转变换和透视变换对训练集进行数据扩充,以模拟图像采集的不同视角和减少网络模型的过拟合。在Tensor Flow深度学习框架下,基于数据扩充前后的样本集,对Alex Net进行全新学习和迁移学习。试验结果表明,迁移学习能够明显提高模型的收敛速度和分类性能;数据扩充有助于增加数据的多样性,避免出现过拟合现象;在迁移学习和数据扩充方式下的分类准确率高达96.53%,对藻斑病、软腐病、煤污病、黄化病、健康叶5类病害的F1得分分别达到94.28%、94.67%、97.31%、98.34%和98.03%。该方法具有较高的识别准确率,对平移、旋转具有较强的鲁棒性,可为植物叶片病害智能诊断提供参考。