中国2种橡胶树炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺敏感性比较

炭疽病是橡胶树上一种重要的叶部病害,主要病原有胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌。为了解中国各植胶区炭疽菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性,采用生长速率法室内测定来自海南、云南、广东和广西4省(区)22株橡胶树胶孢炭疽病菌和15株尖孢炭疽菌对咪鲜胺的敏感性。结果表明:供试的37株橡胶炭疽病菌菌株对咪鲜胺的EC_(50)值为0.022 0~0.272 1 mg/L,平均为(0.061 7±0.055 4)mg/L,EC_(50)最大值是最小值的12.5倍。其中89.2%参试菌株的EC_(50)值介于0~0.100 0 mg/L。根据成组t检验分析结果表明,目前中国4个植胶区的2种橡胶炭疽病菌对咪鲜胺敏感性无明显差异。除了来自海南和云南地区的尖孢炭疽菌有显著性差异外,其他来自不同省份的胶孢炭疽菌和尖孢炭疽菌对咪鲜胺敏感性均无明显差异。研究显示中国橡胶炭疽菌对咪鲜胺仍具有较高的敏感性,但菌株间敏感性有一定的差异,存在一定的潜在抗性风险。     

Development of a core set of KASP markers for assaying genetic diversity in Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis Makino

Single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are rapid, economical and reliable genotyping tools. Non‐heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. subsp. chinensis Makino) is now an economically important vegetable crop worldwide. In this study, 1,167 SNPs were evaluated for 7polymorphism among 70 representative non‐heading Chinese cabbage inbred lines using a Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR (KASP) genotyping assay. On the basis of identified polymorphisms and the results of a principal component analysis, we selected 50 core SNPs that were balanced sufficiently to provide adequate information for genetic identification. The core SNPs were used for construction of a neighbour‐joining dendrogram that separated the 70 inbred lines into four main groups and several subgroups corresponding to Caixin, Heiyebaicai, Huangxinwu, Naibaicai, Taitsai, Pak‐choi, and Wutatsai. This categorization was superior to that achieved using a dataset of 479 polymorphic SNPs. To confirm the utility of the core SNP markers in genetic identification, we tested their stability and resolution using 162 commercial hybrid cultivars. The SNPs, which represent a cost‐effective, accurate marker set for germplasm analysis and cultivar identification, are suitable for molecular marker‐assisted breeding in non‐heading Chinese cabbage.     

茶树几丁质酶基因的克隆及其在干旱胁迫下的表达分析在干旱胁迫下的表达分析

以铁观音茶树叶片为材料,利用逆转录PCR及RACE法,克隆了茶树几丁质酶基因CsChi(GenBank登录号为KR078345).CsChi基因的cDNA全长为1 192 bp,包含972 bp的开放阅读框(ORF),编码323个氨基酸.生物信息学分析结果表明,CsChi蛋白的分子量为34.33 ku;理论等电点pI为8.44;原子组成为C1519H2285N413O464S18,总原子数为4 699;蛋白质结构分析显示该蛋白有6个蛋白的跨膜区域,属于跨膜蛋白;存在于细胞外;没有卷曲螺旋结构存在;CsChi基因编码的蛋白属于糖苷水解酶19家族,含有保守的ChtBD1结构域,与溶菌酶的保守结构域类似,可能兼具几丁质酶活性和溶菌酶活性,qPCR定量分析结果显示在不同干旱胁迫处理下茶树的CsChi基因的表达量,与对照组相比有所增加.推测CsChi基因在茶树干旱等逆境胁迫中起重要作用.     

河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系构建

为了构建科学合理、可操作性强的河北省棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术体系，于2011－2015年在河北省沧州植棉区开展了棉田绿盲蝽绿色防控技术研究，包括色板诱杀、性信息素、频振式杀虫灯和高效生物农药应用等，并逐步构建了针对棉田绿盲蝽的绿色防控技术体系。根据相关研究发现，该绿色防控技术对棉田绿盲蝽有较好的防治效果，与常规防治区相比，减药控害成果显著。     

乡村振兴人才队伍建设存在的问题与对策研究

党的十九大提出了乡村振兴战略，人才振兴是乡村振兴的关键。目前乡村人才队伍存在总体规模偏少、整体素质偏低、后备力量不足等问题。文章结合这些实际问题，提出相应的对策建议，以期助力乡村振兴人才队伍建设。     

橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法研究

为了获得简单、易操作、准确度高的橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁测定方法,本试验通过响应面优化试验,建立称样量、提取液体积、提取方式与交换性钙测定结果之间的数学模型。结果表明：在25℃条件下,以1 mol/L的乙酸铵为土壤浸提液,称样量为2 g、提取液体积175 mL、振荡36 min,为橡胶园酸性、中性土壤的最佳提取条件。将上述条件下得到的结果与标准方法条件下得到的结果相对比,两结果的相对误差在1.25~3.04之间,均属合理范围。利用标准样品对优化方法进行试验验证,结果与推荐值相符。改进后的方法分析成本低、操作简便、测定结果准确、稳定性好,可用于橡胶园酸性、中性土壤交换性钙、镁的测定。     

Differential regulation on C5 expression in goose versus mammals by glucose/palmitate provides a potential protection for goose fatty liver

Goose fatty liver is a specific type of nonalcoholic fatty liver that is protected from harmful effects associated with severe steatosis. Our previous findings suggest that suppression of the complement C5 may be relevant, but the mechanism is unclear. Therefore, in this study, we first verified the expression pattern of complement genes (including C5) during goose fatty liver formation and then determined the liver fat content and fatty acid composition by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), followed by selecting the differential metabolites to treat HepG2, goose and mouse primary hepatocytes, aiming to explore the mechanism of C5 and inflammation suppression in goose fatty liver. The data confirmed the suppression of complement genes (including C5) in goose fatty livers. Moreover, fat content was significantly higher in fatty liver versus normal ones, with oleic acid and palmitic acid dominantly accounting for the difference. In line with this, high concentration of palmitate led to down regulation of C5 expression in goose primary hepatocytes whereas upregulation in mouse primary hepatocytes and HepG2 cells. In conclusion, regulation on C5 expression by fatty liver related factors including high level of palmitic acid may contribute to the protection of goose liver from severe hepatic steatosis.     

棉花叶枝数与种植密度对单株结铃数的影响

为了探明棉花叶枝数和密度对单株结铃的影响规律，试验设置5种留叶枝方式：不留叶枝（CK）、留1叶枝、留2叶枝、留3叶枝、留全部叶枝；5个种植密度（万株·hm^－2）：2.25，3.00，3.75，4.50，5.25。研究结果表明：在同一密度条件下，随叶枝的增多，单株铃数增加；留1叶枝单株铃数较对照增加10%左右，留2、3叶枝单株铃数较对照增加15%左右，保留全部叶枝较对照增加25%左右。在同一叶枝处理下，随密度的增加，单株铃数减少；密度每增加7500株·hm^－2，5种留叶枝方式的单株结铃分别减少2.60个、3.04个、3.06个、3.44个和3.71个。总铃数随叶枝和密度的增加而增加，当总成铃为88.24万个·hm^－2时产量最高。     

Effects of Feeding Frequency on Apparent Energy and Nutrient Digestibility/Availability of Channel Catfish,Ictalurus punctatus,Reared at Optimal and Suboptimal Temperatures

This study examined the effects of feeding frequency (daily versus every other day [EOD]) on nutrient digestibility/availability of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, reared at optimal (30 C) and suboptimal (24 C) temperatures. A 28% protein practical diet was used as the test diet, and chromic oxide was used at 0.75% of the diet as a maker. Twenty channel catfish of a mean weight of 141 g/fish were stocked into 12 flow‐through aquaria (110 L). Fish were fed daily or EOD to apparent satiation for 7 d before fecal samples were collected by the dissection method. Fish fed EOD to apparent satiation consumed more diet on days fed than those fed daily, and fish reared at 30 C consumed more diet than those reared at 24 C. Neither feeding frequency nor water temperature significantly affected apparent digestibility coefficients for energy and protein and apparent availability coefficients for total amino acids. Results show no advantage by feeding EOD over feeding daily on nutrient digestibility and diet utilization efficiency.     

基于深度学习的牛肉大理石花纹等级手机评价系统

大理石花纹是影响牛肉品质等级的重要指标,目前中国牛肉加工企业对大理石花纹的评价是由专业分级人员参照标准图谱完成,具有主观性强、耗费人工的缺点。针对上述问题,该研究提出了基于深度学习的智能分级方法,设计一种具有4层卷积的神经网络结构,实现了大理石花纹特征的自动提取,并基于智能手机开发了牛肉大理石花纹检测软件。该研究共采集样本图像1 800张,按3:1:1分为校正集、验证集和测试集。为进一步验证模型,将该方法与传统机器视觉方法进行了比较,提取了牛肉大理石花纹的大、中、小脂肪颗粒个数,脂肪总面积和脂肪分布均匀度5个参数,并建立了多元线性回归模型。试验结果表明,该研究所用方法大理石花纹检测准确率更高,验证集检测正确率为97.67%。最后编写了手机软件,将模型移植入Android手机,在手机平台上调用模型进行大理石花纹检测。试验表明,该软件对测试集样本的检测准确率为95.56%,单张检测时间低于0.5 s。该研究结合卷积神经网络分类能力强和智能手机运行速度快等优点,开发了牛肉大理石花纹的手机评价系统,具有较好的实用性和便携性,可提高牛肉大理石花纹检测效率,有助于提高农畜产品检测的智能化水平。