猪源屎肠球菌致病力与耐药性及生物被膜形成能力的相关性分析

为研究猪源屎肠球菌的致病力与耐药性及生物被膜形成能力的相关性,本研究分别对9株猪源屎肠球菌进行动物试验、药敏试验和生物被膜形成能力的测定。结果显示有66.67%的菌株引起小鼠肝脏、脾脏出血等病变,并且其中部分菌株导致接种小鼠急性的高死亡率;9株屎肠球菌中KF-QX-1株耐药率最高为100%,其次为ZKXH01(95.24%)、NY01(90.48%)、NY-XY-4(80.95%)、SBLH(76.19%)、HUAX(71.43%)、NY-XY-1(71.43%)和ZHENGY(66.67%),耐药率低于50%的菌株只有JY02(14.29%);生物被膜检测结果显示9株菌中除NY01株外均有不同程度的的被膜形成能力,其中2株菌(JY02和NY-XY-1)生物被膜形成能力相对较强;通过对上述试验结果综合分析显示,肠球菌菌株对受试动物的致病力与其耐药性和生物被膜形成能力之间缺乏明显的相关性,但具有生物被膜形成及耐药两种特性会增强猪源肠球菌的耐药性和传播性,给人类和动物的疾病控制造成更大的威胁。     

新疆兵团九师退化天然草地补播改良效果分析

在新疆兵团九师不同类型退化天然草地典型区域,选择豆科、禾本科牧草混播开展补播试验2年,结果表明：补播当年各播入种出苗率均达85%以上,且都能安全越冬;第2年各牧草返青达80%以上,山地草甸类杂类草＋鸭茅（Dactylis glomerata ）型、温性草原类针茅（Stipa capillata ）＋羊茅（Fes-tuca ovina ）型和温性草原类羊茅＋冷蒿（Artemisia frigida ）型草地干草产量分别比对照（未补播）显著（P 〈0.01）提高了114%,125%和109%;豆、禾牧草比例明显增加,草群结构趋于合理;各草地群落高度、盖度、密度都显著（P 〈0.01）高于对照,山地草甸区补播效果最明显,分别增加了34 cm,40.8%和265株/m2;豆、禾牧草对不同草地类型区域适应性不同,山地草甸区豆科牧草补播改良效果优于禾本科,温性草原区二者表现刚好相反。     

外源NO对NaCl胁迫下扁蓿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响

为探寻调控扁蓿豆种子萌发期耐盐能力的途径,采用NO供体硝普钠(SNP)处理扁蓿豆种子,研究了盐胁迫下外源NO对扁蓿豆种子萌发和幼苗生长的影响。结果表明,150mmol/L的NaCl溶液显著抑制了扁蓿豆种子的萌发,显著降低了发芽率、发芽指数和幼苗长度。外源NO在一定程度上缓解了盐胁迫对扁蓿豆幼苗的发芽率、发芽指数、芽长和根长的影响,但也存在浓度效应,以0.05%处理为最佳。0.05%SNP+150mmol/L NaCl处理下的扁蓿豆种子发芽率为86%,显著高于单盐处理的(0%SNP+150mmol/L NaCl)(P0.05)。0.05%SNP+150mmol/L NaCl处理下的发芽率、芽长和根长与0mmol/L NaCl溶液处理差异不显著(P0.05),发芽指数显著高于后者(P0.05)。     

修剪频率和留茬高度对草地早熟禾与多年生黑麦草混播草坪质量的影响

研究了不同修剪频率（1次/周、1次/2周、1次/3周3个处理水平）和留茬高度3、5、7、9cm处理组合对草地早熟禾与多年生黑麦草混播草坪质量的影响。结果表明：随修剪频率降低、留茬高度的增加草坪草密度减小,叶片宽度增加,质地变劣,叶片颜色加深,生长速度先增大后减小,地上植物量和地下植物量均呈先增大后减小的趋势。草坪综合质量评价显示,H5F1处理草坪综合质量最优,H5F2处理次之,H3F2处理最差,12种处理草坪的综合质量从优到劣依次为：H5F1〉H5F2〉H7F2〉H7F3〉H7F1〉H5F3〉H9F1〉H9F2〉H9F3〉H3F3〉H3F1〉H3F2。     

GST-MtDef4融合蛋白的原核表达及体外抑菌活性的检测

为研究苜蓿(Medicago truncatula)防卫素基因MtDef4的抑菌功能,以含有该基因片段的质粒pAND-MtDef4为模板,扩增出相应的目的基因,测序正确后将MtDef4基因片段连接到带有GST标签的原核表达载体pGEX6P-1中,转化大肠杆菌TransB(DE3),经IPTG诱导,Glutathione Sepharose 4B亲和纯化,通过SDS-PAGE电泳及Western blot确定融合蛋白的表达。体外抑菌试验表明,MtDef4能够抑制病原真菌Corynespora cassiicola而非Collectotrichum gloeosporioides的生长。本研究结果可为进一步培育转基因橡胶抗病品种奠定基础。     

增密条件下Cabrio和Opera对夏玉米植株发育及产量的影响

以郑单958、浚单20为试验材料,设定60 000株/hm²、75 000株/hm²两个密度,研究夏玉米产量与产量构成因素、干物质生产、叶面积指数发展动态、光合作用等,探讨喷施Cabrio和Opera试剂对夏玉米植株发育及产量的影响。结果表明,喷施药剂Cabrio和Opera后玉米产量增加,浚单20较对照分别增产6.7%和4.0%;郑单958较对照分别增产5.3%和4.2%。喷施药剂Cabrio和Opera的处理生育后期下部叶片衰老缓慢,吐丝期至成熟期LAI下降幅度较小,单株干物重和单位面积干物质积累增强,光合性能增强,光合速率提高。     

基于NDVI密度分割的冬小麦种植面积提取

为解决作物面积遥感监测中常遇的混合像元问题,选用江苏省沭阳县冬小麦扬花期HJ-1A卫星遥感影像,基于不同地物光谱信息的差异性与可分割性,提出基于归一化植被指数(NDVI)密度分割的冬小麦种植面积提取方法。在利用GPS实地取样调查和建立解译标志的基础上,对HJ-1A卫星影像进行了几何与大气校正。利用NDVI灰度影像提取混合像元训练样本的NDVI值和小麦种植面积,计算小麦面积权重,确定混合像元的NDVI阈值。利用NDVI再归一化结果对NDVI灰度影像进行密度分割,依据不同密度分割系数下像元总面积及其所对应的小麦面积权重关系,最终得到沭阳县冬小麦种植面积。结果表明,根据NDVI密度分割法提取冬小麦面积为8.37×104 hm2,面积精度为92.37%,样本精度为93.31%。基于密度分割系数(P0.5)制作沭阳县冬小麦种植分布图,获取了全县冬小麦空间分布特征信息。以上结果说明NDVI密度分割法能较准确地提取研究区内冬小麦种植面积,可有效解决农作物种植面积提取中混合像元问题。     

Multi-Temporal Detection of Rice Phenological Stages Using Canopy Spectrum

Information on rice phenology is essential for yield estimation and crop management. To test the ability of remote sensing in detecting multiple phenological stages, paddy rice canopy spectrum was measured by a hand-held radiometer. Normalized difference vegetation index(NDVI) was calculated from spectrum, and the slope of NDVI was obtained as its difference. We evaluated the response of NDVI and its slope to rice growth with a comparison of two late-season rice cultivars. The results showed that NDVI and its slope curves had distinct variation corresponding to rice development and they could be used as cultivar-independent phenological indicators. The dates of flooding and transplanting, tillering, panicle development, heading and flowering, maturity, harvest stages, and even field management practices, could be deduced from these indicators. ‘NDVI ≤ 0' could be used as a single threshold for the detection of flooding and transplanting. The largest spike in the curve of the NDVI slope indicated the duration of tillering stage. The next spike corresponded to panicle development. The heading and flowering stage was characterized by the maximum NDVI and the change of NDVI slope from positive to negative. At the maturity stage, NDVI decreased continuously, and its slope fluctuated just below zero. When rice grains were completely mature and ready for harvest, NDVI decline was accelerated. At harvest, NDVI slope reached its minimum value. The distinction between heading and maturity stages was obscure, most likely due to NDVI saturation at high biomass. The study might provide references for paddy rice phenology determination through remote sensing images.     

不同播期、密度对辽西地区玉米生长性状及产量的影响

适宜的播种时期和密度是玉米生长及产量形成的关键因素。以蠡玉37品种为试验对象,研究辽西地区不同播期、密度对玉米生长性状及产量的影响,探讨适宜辽西半干旱地区气候条件的玉米种植技术,以实现玉米生产高产高效。     

Molecular Mapping of a Stripe Rust Resistance Gene YrH9020a Transferred from Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng on Wheat Chromosome 6D

Stripe rust （yellow rust）, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici （Pst）, is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat throughout the world. H9020-1-6-8-3 is a translocation line originally developed from interspeciifc hybridization between wheat line 7182 and Psathyrostachys huashanica Keng and is resistant to most Pst races in China. To identify the resistance gene（s） in the translocation line, H9020-1-6-8-3 was crossed with susceptible cultivar Mingxian 169, and seedlings of the parents, F1, F2, F3, and BC1 generations were tested with prevalent Chinese Pst race CYR32 under controlled greenhouse conditions. The results indicated that there is a single dominant gene, temporarily designated as YrH9020a, conferring resistance to CYR32. The resistance gene was mapped by the F2 population from Mingxian 169/H9020-1-6-8-3. It was linked to six microsatellite markers, including Xbarc196, Xbarc202, Xbarc96, Xgpw4372, Xbarc21, and Xgdm141, lfanked by Xbarc96 and Xbarc202 with at 4.5 and 8.3 cM, respectively. Based on the chromosomal locations of these markers and the test of Chinese Spring （CS） nullitetrasomic and ditelosomic lines, the gene was assigned to chromosome 6D. According to the origin and the chromosomal location, YrH9020a might be a new resistance gene to stripe rust. The lfanking markers linked to YrH9020a could be useful for marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.