水分条件对巴音布鲁克高寒湿地CO_2排放的影响

在新疆天山中部巴音布鲁克天鹅湖高寒湿地,以苔草(Carex tristachya)为主要建群种的样地为研究对象,利用英国PP-systems公司生产的便携式土壤呼吸测定系统(CIRAS-2-SRC)研究了不同地表水分条件对天鹅湖高寒湿地夏季土壤CO2排放的影响。结果表明,1)湿润区的生物量大于干燥区;干燥区土壤CO2排放高于湿润区,干燥区土壤CO2排放日变化曲线为单峰曲线,CO2排放最高点出现在当地14:00-16:00,最高值为1.185 0g CO2·m-2·h-1;湿润区土壤CO2排放日变化曲线为双峰曲线,两个峰值分别出现在12:00和16:00,最高值为1.024 0g CO2·m-2·h-1。2)不同水分条件下生物量中凋落物含量影响土壤CO2排放。土壤温度是CO2排放的主要限制因子,且地表干燥区CO2排放与土壤温度的相关性更显著(P0.01)。土壤湿度与CO2排放相关性不显著(P湿润区=0.997,P干燥区=0.409)。     

陇薯9号的品种特性及脱毒种薯繁育技术

介绍了新品种陇薯9号的品种特征,并就其脱毒种薯繁育体系的核心要领和关键技术作了阐述.     

基于体外模拟法评价蔬菜中Cd的健康风险与污染土壤修复效果

为探明北方地区常见蔬菜中Cd的健康风险，以北京地区Cd污染的大棚菜地土壤为对象，利用盆栽实验测定了韭菜和小油菜对Cd的吸收、转运特征及2种修复剂（沸石+蚯蚓粪，凹凸棒+蚯蚓粪）对Cd污染土壤的修复效果，基于体外模拟法和人体健康风险评价方法对污染土壤修复前、后的2种蔬菜中Cd的有效性及人体健康风险进行评价。结果表明，污染土壤上的2种蔬菜中Cd含量均超过《食品安全国家标准食品中污染物限量》，但2种蔬菜对Cd的吸收具有显著差异，小油菜中Cd的含量为韭菜的2.04倍；体外模拟法测定结果表明，韭菜和小油菜中Cd在模拟人体胃液中的有效浓度分别为0.027、0.039 mg·kg^-1，韭菜中的Cd对人体具有更高的生物有效性；基于人体健康风险评价方法对2种蔬菜中Cd进行健康风险评价，结果表明，污染土壤上种植的2种蔬菜中Cd对人体具有较高的致癌风险，其中，对0~6岁儿童的致癌风险大于成人（>18岁）的风险；添加修复剂可使韭菜和小油菜中Cd含量最大分别降低65.2%和72.3%；2种修复剂处理的韭菜与小油菜中Cd的生物有效性和致癌风险值显著下降，其中凹凸棒+蚯蚓粪处理土壤的2种蔬菜中Cd的致癌风险值接近安全水平。     

Ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. modulates pseudorabies virus-induced inflammation in RAW264.7 cells via the nuclear factor-kappa B and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways

Pseudorabies virus (PRV) infection leads to severe inflammatory responses and tissue damage, and many natural herbs exhibit protective effects against viral infection by modulating the inflammatory response. An ethyl acetate fraction of flavonoids from Polygonum hydropiper L. (FEA) was prepared through ethanol extraction and ethyl acetate fractional extraction. An inflammatory model was established in RAW264.7 cells with PRV infection to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of FEA by measuring cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production, reactive oxygen species (ROS) release, and mRNA expression of inflammatory factors, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Its functional mechanism was investigated by analyzing the phosphorylation and nuclear translocation of key proteins in the nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Our findings indicate that PRV induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells, and the responses were similar to that in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated cells. FEA significantly suppressed NO synthesis and down-regulated both expression and secretion of COX-2, iNOS, and inflammatory cytokines (P<0.05 or P<0.01). FEA also reduced NF-κB p65 translocation into the nucleus and decreased MAPK phosphorylation, indicating that the NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway may be closely related to the inflammatory response during viral infection. The findings suggested the potential pharmaceutical application of FEA as a natural product that can treat viral infections due to its ability to mitigate inflammatory responses.     

渤海湾外来浮游植物物种及其入侵途径分析

为了预防外来浮游植物入侵引发的渤海湾赤潮灾害，基于近20年建设项目环境影响评价报告书和相关文献资料的研究成果，收集整理了渤海湾海域已发现的外来浮游植物物种及具体物种信息，分析了物种入侵的主要途径及可能产生的赤潮灾害影响。结果表明：渤海湾海域共发现17种外来浮游植物，其中，甲藻门最多，有10种；硅藻门次之，有5种；金藻门和黄藻门最少，各有1种。研究表明：渤海湾外来浮游植物中，除中华盒形藻外，其余16种均属于赤潮生物，这些物种主要通过压载水引入、传播的方式进入渤海湾海域，应加强港口监控和管理，以防赤潮灾害。     

颗粒肥料离散元仿真摩擦因数标定方法研究

对分体圆筒法、倾斜法、抽板法和斜面法4种颗粒特性测试方法进行Plackett-Burman多因素显著性筛选试验,试验方差分析结果表明,不同的测试方法影响测量结果的显著因素与因素显著程度。根据分体圆筒法、倾斜法和斜面法的方差分析结果,提出一种基于颗粒物料整体特性的摩擦因数标定方法,将仿真试验与真实试验相结合,依次标定出尿素颗粒与PVC材料间静摩擦因数为0. 41,颗粒间静摩擦因数为0. 36,颗粒间滚动摩擦因数为0. 15。将所标定的摩擦因数采用无底圆筒法进行验证试验,休止角仿真试验结果为30. 57°,真实试验结果为31. 74°,相对误差为3. 69%,不同含水率下的实际试验休止角与所标定摩擦因数下的仿真休止角相对误差均不大于4. 59%,仿真试验结果与真实试验结果无显著差异,验证了所标定摩擦因数的有效性。本方法可用于其他颗粒状物料间摩擦因数的标定试验。     

双唑草腈对双季水稻田杂草的防效及后茬作物的影响

通过大田试验测定了双唑草腈及其与苄嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺和扑草净混用对双季水稻田杂草的防效,并评价了双唑草腈对水稻及后茬作物的安全性。结果表明:2%双唑草腈GR对双季水稻田杂草具有良好的防治效果,210、315和420 g/hm~2处理药后30、45 d对禾本科杂草和阔叶类杂草的防效均在87%以上,低剂量140 g/hm~2处理药后30、45 d对双季水稻田禾本科杂草和阔叶类杂草防效均在75%以上。2%双唑草腈GR 140、210、315和420 g/hm~2处理对后茬作物小白菜、马铃薯、小麦、紫云英和冬季油菜生长安全。2%双唑草腈GR以140、210 g/hm~2分别与苄嘧磺隆或五氟磺草胺混用,药后30、45 d对禾本科杂草和阔叶杂草的防效均在93%以上,显著优于2%双唑草腈GR相应浓度的单剂处理,其中2%双唑草腈GR 210 g/hm~2+10%苄嘧磺隆WP 30 g/hm~2混用可以达到2%双唑草腈GR 315 g/hm~2处理的防治效果,且对水稻生长安全;单独施用50%扑草净WP 450 g/hm~2对双季稻田禾本科杂草的防效较差,其与2%双唑草腈GR混用后防效显著提高,但对水稻生长有较强的抑制作用。综上,双唑草腈及其与苄嘧磺隆、五氟磺草胺混用对双季水稻安全,可在双季水稻田推广应用。     

Influence of paricalcitol on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in diabetic nephropathy

AIM: To investigate the effect of paricalcitol (P) on renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and the underlying mechanisms in diabetic nephropathy (DN).METHODS: DN rat model was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin after fasting. The animals were randomly divided into 2 groups:the DN rats in paricalcitol-intervened group (group P) were injected intraperitoneally with paricalcitol dissolved in propylene glycol after the day when the model was induced successfully at a dose of 0.4 μg/kg (3 times a week); the DN rats in DN group (group D) were given isopyknic propylene glycol. Normal control group (group C) was also set up. The samples of blood, urine and renal tissue were collected after intervention of paricalcitol for 12 weeks. The biochemical indexes were measured. The renal tissues were used for pathologic observation and determining the expression of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), Wnt-4, β-catenin and Klotho by immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. In addition, the correlation among the above indexes was analyzed.RESULTS: (1) Scr, BUN and 24 h urine protein increased significantly in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (2) The area of renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis increased in group D compared with group C, while decreased in group P compared with group D (P<0.05). (3) The expression of Klotho decreased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin increased in group D compared with group C (P<0.05). Compared with group D, the expression of Klotho increased, while the expression of TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin decreased in group P (P<0.05). (4) The expression of Klotho was negatively correlated with the fibrosis area, TGF-β1, Wnt-4 and β-catenin (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: Paricalcitol inhibits renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis in DN by promoting the expression of renal Klotho, and inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway activation and TGF-β1 synthesis.     

Expression,Purification and Activity Evaluation of Mb1230 Gene of Mycobacterium bovis

To explore the value of Mb1230 protein of Mycobacterium bovis in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis,we obtained the Mb1230 gene by PCR and constructed recombinant plasmid pET-22b-Mb1230.Recombinant Mb1230 protein was obtained by IPTG induction and purified by affinity chromatography.The activity of the recombinant protein was evaluated by TST test,IGRA test and indirect ELISA.The size of the recombinant protein matched with the theoretical value proved by SDS-PAGE;Western blotting result showed that the recombinant protein could react with mouse anti-His antibody,and had specific band;The results of TST test,IGRA test and indirect ELISA test also showed the recombinant protein had antigenic activity.The results indicated the recombinant protein Mb1230 had good B cell and T cell activity,so,it had the potential application in the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.     

木耳菌糠袋栽滑菇配方研究

本试验采用不同比例的木耳菌糠替代部分木屑袋栽滑菇,以培养料（木屑89%、麦麸10%、石膏1%）为对照,探讨木耳菌糠栽培滑菇的可行性。结果表明,木耳菌糠添加量25%～45%时,可缩短发菌天数,其中菌糠添加量为45%时,满袋天数仅需52 d,并且长势较好;但菌糠添加量为55%～65%时,则延长了发菌天数,而且菌丝稀疏,长势也弱。对照（CK）与木耳菌糠添加量是25%～45%时,子实体生长良好,并且出菇整齐;菌糠添加量为55%～65%,则出菇不整齐。CK的生物学效率最高,但配方4（菌糠45%、木屑34%、麦麸10%、石膏1%）的生物学效率与CK差异不大,从成本和生态效益考虑,配方4栽培滑菇具有可行性,并已在广灵县进行推广。