褐飞虱自噬相关基因NlATG4的表达与功能

ATG4是一种半胱氨酸蛋白酶,负责ATG8蛋白羧基末端的切割,在自噬体形成过程中发挥重要作用。本研究克隆得到褐飞虱ATG4基因（NlATG4）的cDNA全长序列（GenBank登录号:MF062502.1）。RT-qPCR分析结果表明,NlATG4基因在褐飞虱的若虫和成虫时期均有表达,1～2龄若虫的表达量最高,在其他发育阶段的表达量稍低。RNAi结果显示,在dsRNA注射后的第4 d,靶标基因NlATG4的表达量显著下降（仅为dsGFP对照组的22%）,同时,NlATG4的RNA干扰导致虫体ATP含量显著降低,仅为1.0 μmol/(L·mg蛋白^-1),为对照组的25%;在注射后的第6 d,dsNlATG4处理组的褐飞虱存活率出现显著降低,其脂肪体组织变得松散,大型脂滴（直径≥5.0 μm）数量增多,类酵母共生菌周围泡状结构的界限基本消失;在注射后的第8 d,dsNlATG4处理的褐飞虱的存活率下降为36.7%,比dsGFP对照组的存活率下降53.3%。本研究表明靶向NlATG4基因的RNA干扰会破坏褐飞虱脂肪体的结构完整性和类酵母共生菌的微环境,影响脂类物质代谢和ATP含量,并导致褐飞虱存活率降低。因此,NlATG4基因在褐飞虱正常生长发育中发挥重要作用,在褐飞虱防治中具有一定的潜力。     

条件性敲除D1133L基因的重组非洲猪瘟病毒的构建及增殖特性

前期研究初步表明非洲猪瘟病毒(ASFV)编码的D1133L基因对ASFV复制至关重要,本研究拟进一步探究D1133L在ASFV复制中的作用。利用同源重组技术结合大肠杆菌lac阻遏操作系统实现条件性敲除D1133L基因,以pUC118为骨架重组转移载体ASFVΔi130,将重组转移载体转染骨髓源巨噬细胞(BMDMs),以ASFV CN/GS/2018为亲本毒株感染BMDM,在β-D-硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)存在的条件下,经绿色荧光和PCR鉴定,获得条件性敲除D1133L重组毒株vD1133Li。利用荧光显微镜观察该重组毒株与亲本毒株在猪肺泡巨噬细胞(PAMs)中的复制差异,利用qPCR技术比较重组病毒与亲本毒株的复制差异,分析vD1133Li在无IPTG情况下回补D1133L蛋白后与在IPTG诱导情况下的复制差异。结果显示：本研究成功构建了条件性敲除D1133L的ASFV重组病毒vD1133Li,重组毒株不表达D1133L,在IPTG诱导下复制能力显著低于亲本毒株;在稳定表达D1133L的MA-104细胞系中,vD1133Li复制能力恢复。综上所述,D1133L基因对于ASFV复制至关重...     

Dynamic Modeling and Simulation of 440 t/h Steam-cooled Cyclone Separator for CFB Boiler

A dynamic mathematical model of the steam-cooled cyclone separator in a 440 t/h CFB boiler has been established.Based on the mathematical model,simulation model of the cyclone separator is created with the advanced continuous simulation language(ACSL).The validity of this model has been verified by the simulation experiments and analysis.This model can provide a theoretical guidance for operation and optimal design of the cyclone separator.     

园林灌溉对再生水回用的技术要求

结合目前再生水回用的必要性和紧迫性问题,就污水处理相关技术与工艺、再生水灌溉的技术要求与标准以及再生水园林灌溉的管理和监测等方面,对再生水应用于园林灌溉进行了综合阐述,并提出了相应的技术要求.     

粮食生产的机械化问题

粮食牛产机械化是生产力发展的一个重要方而，也是一种必然趋势。机械化生产手段可以提高粮食产量，确保粮食生产持续发展，提高粮食生产效率和经济效益。粮食生产机械化不仅是农业技术变迁的一种自然发展过程，而且与制度变迁密切相关、互相促进。在粮食生产机械化中，有很多现实问题需要解决。     

Effects of arrangement of surge-rootirrigation emitters on growth,yield andwater use efficiency of apple trees

Six-year old apple trees were selected for field experiment. The objective of this study was to obtain the reasonable arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters in apple orchards. There were three factors: the buried depth H( 25,40,55 cm),the horizontal distance L( 30,40,60 cm) between the emitters and the trunk of the experimental tree,and the number of the irrigation emitters N( 1,2,4). The effect of the arrangement of surge-root irrigation emitters on the growth,yield and irrigation water use efficiency( IWUE) of apple trees were studied in Northern Shaanxi where the irrigation quota takes 60%-75% of the field water capacity. The results showed that the arrangement of emitters for surge-root irrigation had a significant effect on apple tree yield and IWUE,especially,the yield and IWUE reached 28 388. 17 kg/hm2 and 16. 83 kg/m3 in treatment T3,respectively. At the same L and N levels( T1,T2,and T3),the yield and IWUE in treatment T3 were the highest,and the yields in treatments T1 and T2 were decreased by 26.22% and 31.48%,while IWUE is reduced by14.02% and 18.12% compared with T3,respectively. At the same H and N levels( T3,T4,and T5),the yield and IWUE of apple trees were decreased with increasing L level. Especially,when L was 30 cm( T3),the yield and IWUE were the highest. The same L and H levels( T3,T6,and T7) could promote the growth of apple trees when N was 2( T3). Compared with treatment T3,it was found that the increment of new shoots was decreased by 8.07%-18.71%,and the fruit diameter was decreased by 5.41%-9.11%. Therefore,two emitters should be arranged symmetrically on both sides of an apple tree,each was buried at a 40 cm depth and 30 cm away from the trunk of the tree to effectively improve the yield and IWUE of the apple tree in mountainous areas in Northern Shaanxi.     

实用型CAPP开发工具系统的实现

介绍了CAPP开发工具系统的工作原理，分析了开发中遇到的问题和关键技术，并提出了解决办法。     

滑动轴承在农业机械中的使用与维护

轴承主要用来支承轴及轴上零件,并保持轴的旋转精度和减少转轴与支承之间的摩擦和磨损.为此,探讨了滑动轴承的工作原理、常见故障类型及采取的防范措施,针对故障原因对滑动轴承进行日常维护,为推动轴承在农业机械中的合理使用和维护提供参考依据.     

基于图素拼装原型的轴类零件参数化设计

阐述了在轴类零件的设计中，以图素拼装原理为基础实现参数化设计的原理和方法；探讨了利用图素拼装原理，将轴类零件设计中重复出现的具有相同结构和功能的几何形体提取出来，作为基本图素的参数化绘图系统，使用该系统，可以大大提高设计速度及图形处理效率。     

冬小麦水分胁迫效应及节水高效灌溉指标体系

在冬小麦的各个生育期，水分胁迫均显著影响小麦矿质营养的吸收、干物质的累积及光合作用等过程，根据时各试验处理麦株个体、群体的生理、生态分析，确立冬小麦各生育期的节水灌溉指标体系。该体系除土壤含水量外，还包括根系湿润层厚度、细胞液浓度、叶水势、蒸腾强度、气孔导度和叶片N、P、K的浓度等指标。