森林可持续经营的社会福利效应分析

森林具有较强的正外部性,森林的可持续经营对保持和维护森林的外部性具有很强的作用.分析了森林可持续经营的意义及世界主要国家关于森林可持续经营方面的立法,研究人工林和天然林在自给自足和自由贸易情况下实施可持续经营的社会福利效应,并对我国森林实施可持续经营进行了展望.     

广西东门林场森林资源现状和可持续发展策略

根据广西东门林场2009年森林资源二类调查的结果,分析东门林场森林资源现状、特点及存在的问题,并提出东门林场森林资源可持续发展的策略。     

河西绿洲节水高效种植模式水资源效率研究

针对石羊河流域水资源缺乏、种植业生产受限的问题,比较了武威市凉州区19种种植模式的水资源利用效率。结果表明,马铃薯和油葵较春小麦(CK1)节水25%且分别增收84.21%和31.58%;低耗水型模式玉米/豌豆和油葵/豌豆的水分利用效率较传统模式春小麦/春玉米(CK2)提高38.2%和52.9%,水分经济利用效率提高51.6%和125%,水分能量生产效率提高40.72%和49.81%;日光温室中,辣椒、西瓜和双孢菇的节水增收效果较好。由此提出发展马铃薯、油葵等低耗水高效模式,以玉米/豌豆、油葵/豌豆替代高耗水型模式春小麦/春玉米,日光温室重点发展辣椒、西瓜和双孢菇等作物的建议。     

甘肃省高寒草甸植被覆盖度反演及其时空变化研究

本研究以甘肃省高寒草甸为研究区,基于2000—2019年遥感数据和2014年实测数据,采用经验回归模型法构建植被覆盖度(fractional vegetation cover,FVC)估算模型,并研究了过去20年高寒草甸FVC时空变化规律、稳定性及变化原因,以期为FVC动态监测提供科学依据。结果表明：在6种植被指数(vegetation index,VI)中除比值植被指数(ratio vegetation index,RVI)外,其余VI与FVC相关系数均大于0.65(P<0.01);模型精度检验发现高寒草甸FVC最佳反演模型为归一化植被指数(normalized difference vegetation index,NDVI)二项式模型：y=-0.65x²+1.97x—0.23(R²=0.81,RMSE=7.33);甘肃省高寒草甸FVC呈现南高北低的格局,20年FVC均值处于较高水平,年均FVC呈现波动上升趋势,平均增速0.15%·a^-1,其中FVC增加的面积占52.76%,稳定的面积占27.58%,下降的面积占19.66%,FVC变异系数小于0.15的面积占86.57%。综上所述,2000—2019年甘肃省高寒草甸FVC整体上呈现增加趋势,并且稳定性较高。     

三江源区不同高寒草地植物矿物元素含量特征及分析

本试验对三江源区不同高寒草地植物中6种矿物元素（钾K,钙Ca,钠Na,镁Mg,锌Zn,铁Fe）的含量进行了测定和分析,结果表明：植物中K元素含量为7.314～12.803 g·kg^-1之间,Ca元素含量为2.851～6.823 g·kg^-1之间,Na元素含量为64.404～185.553 mg·kg^-1之间,Mg元素含量为1.272～2.655 g·kg^-1之间,Zn元素含量为14.718～51.387 mg·kg^-1之间,Fe元素含量为161.056～531.677 mg·kg^-1之间;豆科（Leguminosae）植物和杂类草（Forbs）矿物元素含量显著高于禾本科（Gramineae）和莎草科（Cyperaceae）植物;植物中K元素与Mg元素、Ca元素与Na元素、Ca元素与Zn元素、Na元素与Zn元素含量之间呈极显著正相关关系（P<0.01）,Ca元素与Fe元素、Mg元素与Fe元素之间呈显著正相关关系（P<0.05）;根据美国国家研究理事会（National research council,NRC）绵羊日粮矿物元素需求标准,三江源区各草地植物中Na,Zn元素相对缺乏,其它4种元素均能满足放牧藏羊的矿物营养需求。     

Investigations of the maintenance system of the Konik Polski horse and its effects on fecal microbiota activity during the winter and summer seasons

Gastrointestinal microbiota play a key role in the nutrients digestion and hence maintaining animal health and welfare. The diet offered to the animals in captivity may differ considerably from that on natural pastures. In a stabled maintenance system, horses have a limited choice of habitat and feed. Time spend for feeding is relevant for equine welfare because the reduction of the time devoted for foraging may be responsible for inducing gastric inflammation and ulceration. Therefore, in the present study, it was hypothesized that fecal bacterial fermentative processes differ between free-roaming and stabled Konik Polski Horses (KPHs) with respect to microbial enzymatic activity, and thus the fecal concentration of short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which can be further utilized for assessing the feeding behavior and welfare in free-roaming versus stabled horses. The SCFA concentration and profile, as well as the extracellular and intracellular activities of selected bacterial enzymes, were characterized in horse feces collected during the winter and summer feeding seasons. The results showed higher enzymatic activity and SCFA production in the feces excreted by free-roaming versus stabled horses, especially during summer. An increase in pasture plant diversity may be beneficial for the gastrointestinal microbiota and hence for maintaining health and welfare.     

“西育1号”芹菜周年栽培技术

"西育1号"芹菜新品种于2009年10月通过陕西省农作物品种审定委员会登记。经过在西安三桥农场、西安市现代农业科技展示中心多年的多茬口栽培试验以及高陵、阎良、周至等区县的试验示范,总结形成了一套适合关中地区"西育1号"芹菜的优质高效周年栽培技术,以期为该品种的推广提供技术指导。     

Glutathione content of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes collected from different reproductive stages

Glutathione (GSH) concentrations of oocytes are considered as an important marker of the cytoplasmic maturation. The present study was designed to compare GSH concentrations of in vivo and in vitro matured canine oocytes. In vivo matured oocytes were collected 72 hr after ovulation by flushing fallopian tubes after laparotomy. Ovaries were collected from bitches with different reproductive stages, and collected oocytes were divided into 2 groups according to the size viz. < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter and cultured for 72 hr in Tissue Culture Medium-199 supplemented with 10% FBS, 2.2 mg/ml sodium bicarbonate, 2.0 microg/ml estrogen, 0.5 microg/ml FSH, 0.03 IU/ml hCG, and 1% penicillin-streptomycin solution in the presence or absence of 50 microM beta-mercaptoethanol. GSH concentrations were determined by the dithionitrobenzoic acid-glutathione disulfide (DTNB-GSSG) reductase recycling assay. GSH concentrations of immature canine oocytes were 2.9 and 3.8, 3.5 and 6.8, and 3.1 and 6.5 pM/oocyte for < 120 microm and > 120 microm in diameter oocyte groups at anestrous, follicular and luteal stage, respectively (P<0.05). In vivo matured oocytes had significantly higher GSH concentrations compared with in vitro matured oocytes. The GSH content was 19.2 pM/oocyte for in vivo matured oocytes, while 4.1 to 8.1 and 5.7 to 13.2 pM/oocyte for in vitro matured oocytes cultured in the absence or presence of beta-mercaptoethanol, respectively (P<0.05). Presence of beta-mercaptoethanol increased GSH synthesis in canine oocytes cultured in vitro, and oocytes collected from follicular and luteal stage was superior to anestrus oocytes.     

Two-level Fuzzy Method for Evaluation of the Supplier''s System in Automobile Industry

This paper analyses the importance of the suppliers' evaluation in automobile industry. Based the conception of system, all the corporations' suppliers are regarded as an integer. On condition that the corporation has evaluated the single supplier's performance, the model for evaluate the performance of supplier's system is established, the performance by two-level fuzzy method is evaluated. Finally, the method sets with an example as the illustration.     

Pd Pattern Recognition Based on Linear Discriminant Analysis in GIS

According to the character of PD in GIS, the authors design four kinds of GIS defection models. The GIS gray intensity images are constructed based on mass specimens gathered by the ultra - high frequency and high speeds systems, Aiming at the PD characteristics and its defections, A PCA-FDA method is put forward based on PD images. The principal component analysis is employed to condense the dimension of PD images, then the optimal sets of statistically uncorrelated discriminant vectors are extracted, and the minimum distance classifier is constructed as classifier. The identified results show that this method can effectively elevated the discrimination of the four kinds of defects in GIS PD.