成都港两侧秋季鸟类资源调查

2013年9月至2013年11月,采用样线法对乐山市五通桥区冠英镇和牛华镇的鸟类资源进行了调查.共记录到冠英镇鸟类28种,隶属5目17科.牛华镇共记录到鸟类35种,隶属6目19科.多样性分析表明,冠英镇农田生境多样性指数最高（2.645）,牛华镇水域生境均匀度指数最高（0.949）,2个镇的水域生境之间的相似性最低（0.476）.冠英镇水域生境鸟类群落不稳定,对岷江河应采取一定的保护措施.     

Branching pattern characteristics and anti-windbreakage ability of Pinus thunbergii in sandy coast

沙质海岸空间梯度上环境差异较大,黑松(Pinus thunbergii)在长期的适应过程中树冠结构变化也很大.为揭示黑松树冠结构与环境间的适应机制,在山东省胶南市灵山湾国家森林公园距海岸线0-50、200-250和400-450 m梯度内各设置1个样带,记为带Ⅰ、带Ⅱ、带Ⅲ,采用枝构型的理论和方法,对黑松的分枝格局进行了研究,并采用模拟自然风法测定了黑松枝条的抗风折能力.结果表明:1）在海岸梯度上黑松分枝格局差异较大,随着距离海岸越来越远,黑松各级枝的分枝长度、总体分枝率均逐渐增大,而枝径比和逐步分枝率逐渐减小,各级分枝角度表现为带Ⅰ＞带Ⅲ＞带Ⅱ.2）带Ⅰ树冠背风面与迎风面相比,分枝长度、分枝角度、分枝数量、枝条干枯率分别是迎风面的1.62、1.38、2.65和0.59倍,随着距离海岸越来越远,这种不对称性逐渐减弱,至带Ⅲ树冠基本对称.3）海风是影响带1分枝角度偏转、枝条干枯和冠型不对称现象的主要原因.4）带Ⅲ枝条的抗风折能力高于带Ⅰ,且两个样带模拟风速与枝条所承受的拉力之间的关系均符合逻辑斯蒂方程,相关系数R2均达0.97以上.该研究揭示了不同海岸梯度上黑松分枝格局的形成机制及其抗风折能力,可为沿海黑松防护林的合理经营提供科学依据.     

螺旋毛壳ND35 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的诱导、性质及其抑菌作用

 以病原菌Rhizoctonia solani的细胞壁为诱导物,模拟毛壳菌自然的重寄生过程,研究了内生真菌螺旋毛壳(Chaetomium spirale) ND35 β-1,3-葡聚糖酶的产酶条件、性质,尤其是不同碳源的调控作用。结果表明,不同种类的真菌细胞壁及几丁质和昆布多糖,均可诱导产生β-1,3-葡聚糖酶,而作为分解代谢产物的葡萄糖则抑制产酶。经硫酸铵沉淀、DEAE-Sepharose阴离子交换层析及Phenyl-Sepharose疏水层析,并通过SDS-PAGE鉴定,纯化了一种分子量约为73 kDa的内切β-1,3-葡聚糖酶GLUC73。其最适反应温度为55℃,在40℃以下较稳定;最适pH值为5.5,在pH 5-9范围内均很稳定;酶活性受Hg²⁺、Fe³⁺、Zn²⁺、Mg²⁺等金属离子不同程度的抑制,Mn²⁺和Co²⁺对酶有激活作用;以昆布多糖为底物时,该酶的米氏常数K_m为0.412 mg·mL^-1,最大反直速度V_max为3.876 U·mL^-1。粗酶液同时具有β-1,3-葡聚糖酶和几丁质酶活性,离体抑菌试验表明,对苹果炭疽病菌(Glomerella cingulata)、杨树腐烂病菌(Valsa sordida)、苹果树腐烂病菌(Valsa mali)的菌丝生长和孢子萌发有明显的抑制作用。通过对β-1,3-葡聚糖进行免疫细胞化学标记和超微结构观察,间接证明了β-1,3-葡聚糖酶在螺旋毛壳重寄生过程中的作用。     

The Use of a GUS Transformant of Trichoderma Harzianum, Strain T3a, to Study Metabolic Activity in the Spermosphere and Rhizosphere Related to Biocontrol of Pythium Damping-off And Root Rot

The activity of Trichoderma harzianum in the spermosphere and rhizosphere of different plant species was studied by use of a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) transformant (strain T3a). Hereby, direct observation of micro-habitats supporting metabolic activity of T. harzianum is reported. Germination of conidia and mycelial growth were not supported by exudates from healthy roots of various ages. Instead, growth and activity of T. harzianum depended on access to dead organic substrates such as seed coats, decaying roots, and wounds, including those caused by infecting pathogens. A correlation between the GUS activity of T. harzianum and the biomass of Pythium ultimum in infected roots was established. On the basis of our observations, we suggest that the biocontrol ability of T. harzianum involves competition with the pathogen for substrates including the seed coat, and wounded or infected root tissue.     

不同生境中稻飞虱种群动态研究

菊酯类农药对水稻螟虫有优异的防治效果,但引起稻飞虱的更大发生。作者用溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯及对稻飞虱高效的噻嗪酮等杀虫剂和对稻飞虱不同抗感水平的水稻品种组成不同的化学、品种环境,系统观察稻飞虱种群动态差异。结果表明,同一水稻品种,不同农药,稻飞虱种群增长量不一样。同一农药,不同水稻品种,稻飞虱的发生亦不同。溴氰菊酯或氰戊菊酯用到感虫品种上,有利因子重叠,稻飞虱的发生量最大;用到中抗品种上,有利因子与不利因子重叠,有效地抑制稻飞虱种群的增长。先将溴氰菊酯喷洒到感虫品种上,10天后再用噻嗪酮,两个有利因子重叠后再加一不利因子,仍可控制稻飞虱的为害。     

Fluoroscopic and endoscopic localization of an esophagobronchial fistula in a dog

A 10-month-old, intact male Chihuahua presented for a 7-month history of regurgitation and coughing. Survey radiographs revealed a soft-tissue opacity within the distal esophagus. A contrast study confirmed the presence of an esophagobronchial fistula. Endoscopic removal of foreign material within the esophagus allowed for visualization of an esophageal diverticulum. Bronchoscopic examination revealed the presence of an abnormal opening in a right caudal tertiary bronchus. Passage of a cardiac guidewire was accomplished, confirming the presence of the fistula and aiding its subsequent surgical removal.