燕山北部丘陵温热区适宜机械粒收玉米品种的筛选

为推动玉米籽粒直收技术在燕山北部丘陵温热区的推广,于2017—2018年在赤峰市对53个参试品种进行了67个品次的适宜机械粒收筛选测试。结果表明:玉米籽粒含水量随生育进程和收获时间的推迟总体呈下降趋势,收获时间从9月29日推迟到10月23日,平均籽粒含水量从24.58%下降到18.34%。籽粒破碎率、破损率和杂质率与籽粒含水量之间均呈极显著正相关,其中破损率和破碎率与籽粒含水量的关系最密切。按产量和籽粒含水量双向平均法作图分析,筛选出登海618、迪卡159、金科玉3308、利禾1和丰田101,可作为适宜机械粒收品种。     

H3N2亚型犬流感病毒重组HA1蛋白间接ELISA检测方法的建立

为建立一种H3N2亚型犬流感病-毒(CIV)血清学检测方法,本研究利用CIV重组HA1蛋白作为检测抗原,建立H3N2亚型CIV抗体的间接ELISA检测方法,并优化反应条件.通过检测阴性血清样本30份确定其临界值为0.228.该方法与抗猪流感病毒H1N1、H1N2、H6N6、H9N2的阳性血清和犬瘟热病、犬细小病、犬副流感的阳性血清均无交叉反应.变异系数在1.01％～7.52％之间,具有较好的重复性.通过对150份临床样品进行检测并与血凝抑制试验检测结果比较,总符合率为98.6％.本研究为CIV流行病学调查提供了一种快速、方便、敏感的抗体检测方法.     

Acid–Base Changes in Canine Neonates Following Normal Birth or Dystocia

There are limited data concerning blood gas parameters in neonatal dogs. Knowledge of the normal physiology may facilitate effective therapeutic intervention and potentially reduce neonatal mortality. This study examined acid–base parameters in pups born at normal parturition (n = 27) compared with those born after obstetrical assistance or caesarean operation (n = 13) and those born following oxytocin (OXY) administration for treatment of uterine inertia (n = 11). Pups were subjected to an objective scoring method of neonatal health adapted from use in humans (the Apgar score) at birth and again at 5 and 60 min after birth. Venous blood samples were collected at 5 and 60 min after birth for evaluation of blood gas parameters. At birth, all pups had low Apgar scores and a mixed acidosis. The base excess was lowest for pups delivered after OXY administration. The Apgar score improved for all pups after 5 min of birth and there was an improvement in carbon dioxide tension, base excess and venous blood pH at 1 h, although in all pups a metabolic acidosis persisted. These data provide an important insight into neonatal physiology and the variability of blood gas parameters in pups born at normal and abnormal parturition and provide the basis for clinical decision making following dystocia.     

Evaluation of Efficacy and Safety of Zinc Gluconate Associated with Dimethyl Sulphoxide for Sexually Mature Canine Males Chemical Neutering

The aim of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of zinc gluconate associated with dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) for chemical neutering in canine males. Fifteen sexually mature male dogs were divided in two groups, named control and treated. An injection was administered to both testicles, at a concentration of 26.2 mg zinc gluconate per ml and 0.5% DMSO in the treated group (11 dogs). The control group was given injections of saline solution (four dogs). Clinical examination and blood collection for a haemogram were done both before and after drug injection. There were 12 spermograms performed to analyse sperm motility, sperm vigour, ejaculate volume, testicle size, pathology and sperm concentrations. Libido was also measured. An ultrasound examination and histopathology were performed at the end of the experiment. Dogs’ libido after chemical injection was reduced by over 50%. The spermogram analysis showed final mean results of 14.54% for sperm motility, 0.72 of sperm vigour and 37 150 per million spermatozoa per millilitre, values considered below the necessary levels at which fertilization can occur. Ultrasound and histopathology analyses of testicles for the treated group revealed more intense injuries when compared with the control group, with compromised testicular parenchyma and a decrease of germ cell number leading to total atrophy, indicating that the treatment reduced the fertilizing potential of male dogs, promoting a possible subfertile status.     

鄂尔多斯高原不同生境锦鸡儿属植物AMF多样性

为探明鄂尔多斯高原锦鸡儿属(Caragana)植物根围丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)资源状况,对鄂尔多斯高原8种锦鸡儿属植物根际进行了调查.共分离到AMF 6属34种,其中球囊霉属(Glomus)在各采样点相对多度最高,其次是无梗囊霉属(Acaulospora);锦鸡儿属植物种类对AMF物种多样性具有重要影响,中间锦鸡儿Shannon指数最高(2.85),柠条锦鸡儿Simpson指数最高(0.93),两指数最低均为狭叶锦鸡儿(分别为1.64和0.78);幼套球囊霉(Glomus etunicatum)是桌子山样地的优势种,波状无梗囊霉(Acaulospora undulata)是千里山样地的优势种;毛乌素沙地北缘C.roborovskyi根际孢子密度仅为8.8个/50g土,远低于毛乌素沙地腹地C.roborovskyi根际14.2个/50g土.结果表明,锦鸡儿属植物与AMF有良好的共生关系,鄂尔多斯高原锦鸡儿属植物AMF具有丰富的多样性.     

西藏玛旁雍错流域湖泊面积变化及成因分析

利用1975年地形图、1990年、1999-2009年TM卫星遥感影像和近35 a(1975-2009年)气温、降水、积雪日数、蒸发量等气候资料,分析研究了位于西藏阿里地区南部普兰县境内玛旁雍错、拉昂错湖泊面积变化对气候变化的响应。结果表明：在过去35 a里玛旁雍错、拉昂错面积先减少后增加,总体呈减小趋势,到2009年玛旁雍错面积为415.44 km²,拉昂错面积为261.36 km²。与1975年相比2个湖泊面积分别减少了1.56 km²和11.01 km²;受气候变暖的影响,流域附近的冰川面积也在加速退缩。对1975-2009年普兰县气象资料统计分析可知,降水量减少是导致湖泊面积缩小的主要原因,蒸发量不显著的增加及雪冰消融也是近几年湖泊面积波动变化的原因之一。     

基于K-means聚类和图像分割的紫色土发生层边界识别

土壤学始于对土壤剖面及其形态特征的观察,剖面发生层的划分与发生层边界特征的描述是土壤调查的基础。实地划分发生层需要丰富的土壤学实践经验,存在主观和缺乏统一划分标准的问题。以紫色土剖面图像为研究对象,采用K-means聚类和图像分割技术,结合图像的颜色特征（CIE Lab色彩空间）和纹理特征（Entropy）识别紫色土剖面发生层边界,并与实地划分的结果进行比较。结果表明：（1）CIE Lab色彩空间的a、b通道和Entropy纹理特征,可以划分出供试剖面的主要发生层（A、B、C）和基岩（R）;（2）聚类识别的发生层数量和发生层深度与实地识别的结果基本一致;除Z2剖面的C层和Z6剖面的Ap层聚类识别与实地识别的发生层下边界深度相差较大（分别为13 cm和8 cm）外,其余发生层下边界深度相差均在3 cm以内;（3）聚类识别的发生层边界形状更为不规则,明显度更为模糊。K-means聚类和图像分割技术实现了紫色土剖面发生层边界的客观识别,可为土壤剖面智能辨识系统的开发提供科学参考。     

鹿茸X型胶原基因的全长cDNA克隆及序列分析

采用RT-PCR和RACE技术,从鹿茸软骨细胞总RNA中扩增克隆了梅花鹿X型胶原（collagen X,colX）全长cDNA序列,并进行了序列特性分析。序列分析结果表明,梅花鹿colX全长cDNA序列为3135nt,其中5′非编码区96nt、3′非编码区1014nt和2022nt的开放阅读框编码674个氨基酸的鹿colX前体蛋白,与牛、猪、犬、人类和小鼠等脊椎动物colX氨基酸序列之间的同源性超过82%。按该基因氨基酸序列构建了进化树,揭示其与牛基因更加同源。     

几个早熟苹果品种香气成分的GC-MS分析

采用顶空固相微萃取和气相色谱质谱联用技术分析极早熟苹果新品种早丰甜及贝拉、辽伏等早熟苹果品种果实香气成分。结果表明,(1)3种早熟苹果含醇类等12类136种香气成分,其中1-己醇、(E)-2-己烯醛、乙酸丁酯、乙酸己酯等成分均在1%以上,总含量占测定芳香物质总量的93.81%,为参试苹果品种的主要香气成分;(2)β-大马酮及草蒿脑可能是早丰甜特有香气物质;(3)根据香气成分的种类及含量,可将早丰甜与贝拉分别划为“酯香型”与“醇香型”苹果;(4)3个早熟苹果品种间香气成分种类和含量均存在差异,苹果香气成分是早熟苹果品种选育标准评价的重要指标之一。