不同毒力猪繁殖与呼吸综合征病毒对仔猪肺和外周免疫器官损伤的研究

为研究不同毒力的PRRSV对仔猪肺脏和外周免疫器官损伤的差异,本实验分别采用PRRSV变异株(HuN4株)和PRRSV经典株(CH-1a株)感染35日龄健康的断奶仔猪,并在感染后0 d、3 d、7 d、10 d和14 d各迫杀3头,检测肺、颌下淋巴结、肠系淋巴结、腹股沟淋巴结、扁桃体和脾脏的病毒载量及病理变化情况,同时检测血清中抗PRRSV的抗体水平。结果表明:感染后3 d肺脏及各免疫器官可检测到病毒,HuN4感染组病毒载量比CH-1a感染组病毒载量高1 000倍;HuN4感染组病毒载量峰值出现在感染后10 d,而CH-1a感染组维持着较低水平的病毒载量。组织病理学检测显示HuN4感染组淋巴结内淋巴细胞显著减少,呈空泡状;CH-1a感染组淋巴结内淋巴细胞轻度减少,呈星隙状。本实验表明HuN4株比CH-1a株对肺和外周免疫器官造成更严重的损伤。     

Fermentation quality and chemical composition of shrub silage treated with lactic acid bacteria inoculants and cellulase additives

Effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculants and cellulase additives on fermentation quality and chemical compositions of shrub silages were studied by using a small‐scale fermentation system. Two LAB inoculants of Qingbao (Lactobacillus plantarum, Pediococcus acidilacticii, Lactobacillus casei and Clostridium phage) and Caihe (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis and Pediococcus acidilactici) and a commercial cellulase made from Trichoderma reesei were used as additives for intermediate pea‐shrub, rush bushclover, arborescent ceratoides and shrubby silage preparation. The crude protein, neutral detergent fiber and water‐soluble carbohydrate contents of the four shrub materials were 10.1–14.2, 62.6–67.2 and 1.9–3.5% on a dry matter basis, respectively. All shrub silages had pH 3.40–4.43, ammonia‐N 0.1–0.2% g/kg and lactic acid 1.3–2.9% on a fresh matter basis. The silage quality of LAB‐inoculated silages did not have a greater effect than control silages, except shrubby silage preparation. Silages treated with the cellulase, the pH of rush bushclover and shrubby sweetvetch silage were significantly (P < 0.05) lower and the lactic acid content were significantly (P < 0.05) higher than the control silages. The results confirmed that shrub contained a relatively high content of crude protein; its silages can be preserved in good quality, and they are new potential resources for livestock feed.     

Identification and characterization of lactic acid bacteria isolated from mixed pasture of timothy and orchardgrass,and its badly preserved silage

In order to understand the relationship between lactic acid bacteria (LAB) species and silage fermentation, a total of 65 LAB strains isolated from mixed pasture of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.), and its badly preserved silages were subjected to phenotypic and genetic analysis. According to these analyses, the isolates were divided into 13 groups, including Enterococcus gallinarum, Lactobacillus acidipiscis, L. coryniformis subsp. coryniformis, L. coryniformis subsp. torquens, L. curvatus, L. paraplantarum, L. plantarum subsp. argentoratensis, L. plantarum subsp. plantarum, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, Lactococcus garvieae, Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Pediococcus acidilactici, Pediococcus pentosaceus, Weissella hellenica, Weissella paramesenteroides and Carnobacterium divergens. This is the first report to document that C. divergens, L. acidipiscis, L. sakei subsp. carnosus, L. garvieae, phenotypically novel L. lactis subsp. cremoris, E. gallinarum and W. hellenica are present in vegetative forage crops. L. plantarum group strains were most frequently isolated from the badly preserved silages. Some isolates showed a wide range of growth preferences for carbohydrate utilization, optimal growth pH and temperature in vitro, indicating that they have a high growth potential. These results are useful in understanding the diversity of LAB associated with decayed silage of timothy and orchardgrass.     

甘肃省公益林经营管理存在的问题与对策研究

简述了甘肃省公益林的基本情况,指出了森林质量不高、公益林经营管护模式单一、受国家政策影响经营滞后、管护机制有待完善、补偿制度存在缺陷、科学技术落后、管护人员素质亟待提高等7个方面的现存问题。提出了公益林经营管理的对策措施,包括:按保护等级确定经营管护模式,建立公益林监测体系和信息管理系统;加强森林经营措施,提高林分质量;建立全社会参与的生态补偿机制;提高补偿标准,扩大补偿范围;分类经营;健全保障制度。     

硝氯粉和肝蛭净驱除绵羊肝片吸虫效果的对比试验

应用硝氯粉和肝蛭净两种药物,采取口服投药方式,分不同剂量,在绵羊肝片吸虫驱虫方面做了对比试验。结果表明:硝氯粉按5mg/kg体重驱虫,肝片吸虫虫卵减少率96.85%;肝蛭净按12mg/kg体重驱虫,虫卵减少率96.74%;二者的驱虫效果差异不大,但在实际操作中,硝氯粉剂量稍大会出现中毒反应,剂量过小则效果不佳,硝氯粉剂量较难控制。建议养畜户在绵羊肝片吸虫驱虫时最好用肝蛭净。     

菜用大豆荚壳混合青贮饲喂荷斯坦牛的试验研究

本试验旨在研究菜用大豆荚壳混合青贮饲料对奶牛产奶量、乳品质和血液生化指标的影响。试验选取12头体况、产奶量、泌乳天数相近的奶牛,随机分为3组。对照组奶牛按牛场原有日粮和饲喂方式饲喂;试验Ⅰ组用6kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代1.5kg苜蓿干草,试验Ⅱ组用9kg豆荚混合青贮饲料替代2.5kg苜蓿干草,其他均不作变动。结果表明:混合豆荚青贮饲料代替部分苜蓿干草对奶牛产奶量无显著影响,对乳蛋白、乳脂率、乳糖、非脂固形物和血液生化指标无显著影响。以产1kg标准乳计,试验Ⅰ组和Ⅱ组可分别节约饲料成本0.08元和0.14元,可见利用混合豆荚青贮饲料替代部分苜蓿干草饲喂奶牛经济、可行。     

祁连山高寒草甸生态系统昆虫群落特征

2009年7月中旬于祁连山地区的中国科学院海北高寒草甸生态系统研究站,在滩地草甸、金露梅（Potentilla fruticosa）灌丛、山坡草甸和沼泽化草甸4个不同的生境中对昆虫进行百网取样,共获得908头昆虫。分别隶属于10目42科 65种。发现该地区双翅目昆虫是最繁盛的类群：第2个优势目为膜翅目,其次优势目为鞘翅目。昆虫物种多样性和丰富度依次为滩地草甸>金露梅灌丛>山坡草甸>沼泽化草甸;均匀度差异不大;优势度指数沼泽化草甸最高,滩地草甸最低。滩地草甸和山坡草甸昆虫群落的相似性最大;其次是金露梅灌丛;差异最大的是沼泽化草甸。通过分析发现,生境的变迁和气候的变化引起了昆虫群落结构和多样性的差异变化。     

秦川牛瘤胃微生物DNA提取方法的比较试验

[目的]本试验的目的是优化秦川牛瘤胃微生物DNA提取方法。[方法]针对秦川牛特有的生理及生物学特性,采取珠磨法、反复冻融法、液氮研磨法、超声波法提取微生物DNA,并获得一种提取秦川牛瘤胃胃微生物DNA的最佳方法。[结果]珠磨法、反复冻融法提取的DNA片段较完整,DNA含量较高。[结论]珠磨法和反复冻融法是较科学的提取方法。     

小肽的吸收与转运及其营养作用

随着动物营养学研究的发展,蛋白质营养的研究也在逐步深入,由原来的粗蛋白营养发展到氨基酸营养,进一步发展到现在的小肽营养。本文就小肽的吸收、转运、营养及其在动物生产中的应用,以及目前小肽研究领域中存在的问题等方面进行阐述。     

福州市沿海木麻黄防护林更新迹地引种相思树种适应性分析

对福州长乐市沿海木麻黄迹地引种的6种相思树种的适应性、抗逆性进行比较分析,结果表明,纹荚相思、肯氏相思、卷荚相思和厚荚相思的适应性较强,其中厚荚相思生长最好,8年生林分的平均树高、胸径、单株材积分别达9.53 m、10.48cm、0.0476 m3,分别比同龄的木麻黄提高4.15%、40.11%、126.67%;纹荚相思、肯氏相思、卷荚相思的生长情况也相对较好,8年生平均树高、胸径达6.5～7.0 m和6.3～6.6 cm。同时厚荚相思、纹荚相思、肯氏相思、卷荚相思的抗寒、抗风以及抗病虫害能力较强,林分保存率较高,适合作为沿海木麻黄防护林更新树种。