广西梧州市环城景观森林生物防火林带建设探讨

介绍了广西梧州市的森林资源和森林防火情况,就环城景观森林生物防火林带的现状及市区范围内发生的森林火灾情况作了阐述,并对建设环城景观森林生物防火林带进行探讨研究及评价。     

大栗鳃金龟生物学特性与防治研究

大栗鳃金龟自１９８５年首次在临夏太子山林区发生后，以５年为一周期于１９９０年、１９９５年定期发生。该虫以幼虫和成虫在土壤内越冬，也以幼虫和成虫对林木幼苗造成巨大为害。幼虫期采用５０％辛硫磷乳剂６００倍液、８０％敌敌畏乳剂６００倍液，防治效果达９０％以上。成虫期采用黑光灯诱杀、人工捕捉，２５％氧乐菊酿乳剂８００倍液或“６６６”烟剂防治，均能收到很好的效果。     

大庆野生石刁柏发现初报

2004年在黑龙江大庆发现野生石刁柏,在高寒地带,有野生石刁柏生长,还无报导。将野生石刁柏的形态特征报道如下。     

昆虫生长调节剂抑太保防治马尾松毛虫试验初报

应用抑太保防治马尾松毛虫4－5龄幼虫，24h后害虫开始死亡，第4天达到死亡高峰，第10天虫口校正减退率平均达84％以上；防治药剂费用3.0元/hm^2，具有见效快、防治成本低的优点，是一种防治马尾松毛虫的理想药剂。     

Improving the design of long-term monitoring experiments in forests: a new method for the assessment of local soil variability by combining infrared spectroscopy and dendrometric data

Key message

Near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy allows for the detection of local patterns of forest soil properties. In combination with dendrometric data, it may be used as a prospective tool for determining soil heterogeneity before setting up long-term forest monitoring experiments.

Context

Forest soils and stands generally exhibit higher spatial heterogeneity than other terrestrial ecosystems. This variability needs be taken into account before setting up long-term forest monitoring experiments to avoid multiple interactions between local heterogeneity and the factors tested in the experiment.

Aims

We hypothesized that raw near- and mid-infrared spectra can be used as an integrated proxy of a large set of soil properties. The use of this method, in combination with dendrometric data, should provide a quick and cost-effective tool for optimizing the design of experimental forest sites.

Methods

We assessed the local soil heterogeneity at 11 experimental sites in oak and beech stands, which belong to a new forest long-term ecological research (LTER) network. We used near- and mid-infrared spectroscopy in soil and litter samples. The spectra were subjected to principal components analyses (PCA) to determine the intra-site variability of the soil and litter layers.

Results

Based on mapped PCA coordinates and basic dendrometric data, it was possible to design the experiment and minimize the interactions between the treatment layout and the tested variables. The method was validated with chemical analyses of the soil. No interaction was detected at the set-up of the experiment between the treatment layout and chemical soil properties (C, N, C/N ratio, pH, CEC, Al, Mg, P₂O₅, Fe, Mn, Na, and K).

Conclusion

Near-infrared (NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy is a useful tool for characterizing the overall heterogeneity of soil chemical properties. It can be used without any preliminary calibration. In combination with dendrometric data, it provides a reliable method for optimizing LTER plots in different types of ecosystems.

     

张家口市坝上地区湿地保护与恢复的必要性

文章以张家口市坝上地区的湿地资源为研究对象,采用实地调查的研究方法,描述了该地区湿地资源的现状,点明了对其进行保护与恢复的必要性,并且提出了建立相关保护工程的建议。     

不同干燥方法对苜蓿干草调制的影响

针对影响人工干燥苜蓿的水分、密度、摆放方式和人工辅助干燥方式4个因素进行人工鼓风干燥处理,设计L9(34)正交试验,监测高水分苜蓿草捆的湿度变化情况,比较不同处理营养物质、相对饲用价值和经济指标.对比分析结果可知:自然晾晒苜蓿干草时,营养物质损失严重;苜蓿高水分打捆后人工继续鼓风干燥处理有利于保存苜蓿干草的营养价值,其中水分为30％～35％、密度为120kg/m3、间隔20cm摆放、两台鼓风机每日鼓风干燥3h为最优组合,所得苜蓿草捆的品质较好.     

白马鸡人工驯养初步研究

通过人工饲养的方式探索出白马鸡驯养的经验,即:在野生白马鸡适宜生境下建立饲养场,从育雏阶段开始进行人工投食饲养和本地土鸡带领相结合的驯养方式。目前已经完成从子一代到子二代的完整驯养、饲养流程,取得了云南省林业厅的驯养繁殖许可证。对育雏、亚成体、成体阶段的喂食量、存活情况等作了分析,认为接近原始生境的环境及本地带雏母鸡是成功的重要条件。     

Abundance and richness of invertebrates in shade-grown versus sun-exposed coffee home gardens in Indonesia

Agroforestry Systems - Complex agroforestry systems are suggested as a possible solution to reduce the effects of deforestation in the tropics while enhancing the livelihoods of local human...     

mcr-1阳性类噬菌体质粒与F33:A-:B-质粒共整合形成的融合质粒的生物学特性分析

为了分析猪源大肠杆菌中mcr-1阳性不可接合类噬菌体质粒pD72-mcr-1与blaCTX-M-55阳性可接合的F33:A-:B-质粒pD72-F33融合形成的共整合质粒pD72C的生物学特性,评估该融合质粒对mcr-1传播的潜在作用,本实验采用生长曲线测定、质粒稳定性实验、竞争性实验和接合实验,测定了融合质粒pD72C和亲本质粒pD72-F33对宿主菌的适应性、融合能力和扩散能力.结果表明:融合质粒pD72C在无抗生素的环境中能稳定传代9 d,对宿主菌有适应性优势,且比亲本质粒pD72-F33具有更好的竞争优势;该融合质粒表现出较高的融合频率和接合频率,说明该融合质粒能够扩展菌株的耐药谱并促进粘菌素耐药基因mcr-1的传播.