小麦品种纹枯病抗性鉴定

小麦纹枯病是由禾谷丝核菌 (Ｒｈｉｚｏｃｔｏｎｉａｃｅｒｅ ａｌｉｓ)侵染所致的土传病害[1 ] 。近年来 ,该病害在湖北省麦区发生日趋严重[2 ,3] ,已逐渐成为生产上的一种重要病害。培育抗纹枯病品种和鉴定筛选抗源并在育种工作中加以利用是控制该病害的重要途径。本研究对湖北省麦区近年来推广的 2 5个品种以及从全国各地征搜集的 548份材料进行了鉴定和筛选 ,以期明确湖北省麦区品种的抗性现状 ,为育种单位提供抗源和小麦品种合理布局提供科学依据。1　材料与方法1 .1　材　料供试小麦品种为湖北省近年来推广品种 2 5个和从全国各地征搜…     

影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素研究

综述了影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素和猪遗传评估的发展趋势。影响猪遗传评估效果的主要因素有猪遗传评估方法、计算技术以及环境效应（包括方差异质性）、选择、非加性效应、非正态分布、性状间相关、有重复的记录等模型制约因子等方法。此外，阐述了贝叶斯分析理论在传参数估计中的应用。     

播期对花生光合性能与产量影响的研究

以青花5号花生品种为材料,在田间地膜覆盖栽培条件下,系统研究了不同播期对花生光合性能和产量的影响。结果表明:不同播期对花生功能叶片光合性能和产量均有显著影响,叶面积系数、叶绿素SPAD值、净光合速率、产量均以4月30日和5月10日播种的较高,过早和过晚播种均不利于功能叶片光合性能和产量的提高。研究认为,在本试验条件下,5月上旬是花生获得高产的最佳播期。     

中国黑熊及其养殖业的发展现状

如何认识、正确处理野生动物的保护与利用之间的关系是极为重要的。与中国传统医药发展息息相关的黑熊养殖业,在中国已经存在20多年了。目前已完成了自野外捕获向自我繁殖以维持种群发展的关键转折,实现了养殖技术的升级、取胆技术的革新、养殖规模呈现集约化发展趋势。本文概述了中国野生黑熊分布和种群数量,为保护黑熊所采取的各种措施和成效,以及黑熊养殖业的历史和发展现状。介绍了国内与黑熊保护和驯养有关的法律和政策,在此基础上,详细分析了野生黑熊保护与黑熊养殖业的关系,揭示二者间即保护与可持续利用的内在关联,并对黑熊养殖业涉及的问题进行了解析。以化解黑熊保护与利用之间的矛盾,引导黑熊养殖业迈向健康发展之路。     

金矮杏引种表现与栽培技术

<正>杏树果实成熟早,市场售价高,是山东省东平县北部山区的主栽树种之一。为了进一步优化品种资源,提升果品质量、产量和效益,我们不断引进杏优良品种。金矮杏是从山西省夏县棚栽金太阳杏中选出的优良矮化变异品种     

不同激素处理对非洲菊开花的影响

以“玲珑”非洲菊为试材,研究了不同浓度的赤酶素、激动素和二者混合液对非洲菊开花的影响.结果表明:三者均能影响非洲菊开花时间和开花质量,50 mg/L的赤霉素处理和赤霉素200 mg/L+激动素200 mg/L处理效果最佳,使非洲菊产花量及切花质量显著高于对照(清水),并且缩短开花时间.     

Atorvastatin inhibits IL-1β and IL-18 releases via lowering the expression of NLRP1 inflammasome

AIM: To explore the role of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 1 (NLRP1) inflammasome in atorvastatin-induced reduction of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) releases from the THP-1 macrophages. METHODS: Lipopolysaccharide (LPS, 10 μg/L) was used to trigger the secretion of IL-1β and IL-18 in the THP-1 macrophages. The cells were incubated with different concentrations of atorvastatin (1, 10 and 20 μmol/L) for 24 h, or treated with 10 μmol/L atorvastatin for different time (12 h, 24 h and 48 h). NLRP1 siRNA was transfected into the THP-1 cells. The mRNA expression of NLRP1 inflammasome was detected by RT-PCR. The protein expression of NLRP1 inflammasome was determined by Western blot. The secretion of proinflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 was quantified by ELISA. RESULTS: Atorvastatin inhibited the mRNA and protein expression of NLRP1 inflammasome in the THP-1 macrophages in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Transfection of NLRP1 siRNA significantly decreased the protein expression of NLRP1 and promoted the suppressive effect of atorvastatin on IL-1β and IL-18 secretion in the THP-1 macrophages. CONCLUSION: Atorvastatin inhibits the production of IL-1β and IL-18 in the macrophages through decreasing NLRP1 inflammasome expression, possibly contributing to the anti-inflammatory effect of atorvastatin on atherosclerosis.     

High‐throughput Cryopreservation of Sperm from Sex‐reversed Southern Flounder,Paralichthys lethostigma

The Southern flounder, Paralichthys lethostigma, is a valuable aquaculture fish with established markets in the USA. All‐female production in this species is an important technology for aquaculture because the females usually have body sizes twice those of males at the same age, and sex‐reversed males (genotypic XX neomales) are used for all‐female production by crossing with genetically normal females. However, sperm volume from the neomales is usually small (<0.5 mL) and limits their application for all‐female fish production. Cryopreservation of sperm from these sex‐reversed neomales will provide access on demand with increased efficiency to extend the application of neomales. The goal of this study was to develop a protocol for cryopreservation of sperm from the Southern flounder by using an automated high‐throughput processing system. The objectives were to: (1) determine the effect of osmolality on activation of sperm motility; (2) evaluate the effect of extender solutions on sperm motility capacity; (3) evaluate the acute toxicity of cryoprotectants (dimethyl sulfoxide [DMSO], propylene glycol, and polyethylene glycol) on sperm motility, and (4) estimate the effect of cooling rate on sperm cryopreservation and post‐thaw fertilization. Sperm motility was activated when osmolality was 400 mOsmol/kg or higher. Of the three extender buffers tested, HEPES4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) at 300 mOsmol/kg resulted in better protection for sperm motility than did Hanks' balanced salt solution and Mounib solution at 300 mOsmol/kg during 7 d of refrigerated storage. After 30 min equilibration with the cryoprotectant of 15% DMSO, sperm motility was 24 ± 21% (fresh sperm motility without any cryoprotectants was 42%). After cooling at a rate of 20 C/min, post‐thaw sperm motility was 8 ± 5% and fertilization was 63 ± 40% evaluated at the 32–64 cell stage (5 × 10⁵ sperm per egg). Overall, a protocol was developed for sperm cryopreservation in the Southern flounder with high‐throughput processing, which provides a tool to preserve the valuable genetic resources from neomale flounders, and enables germplasm repository development for the Southern flounder.     

12月龄西藏羊肌纤维特性研究

试验以12月龄的西藏羊为研究对象,采用石蜡切片的方法,测定了其背最长肌、臂三头肌和股二头肌的肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积和肌纤维密度。结果表明:西藏羊公羊的背最长肌、臂三头肌和股二头肌等3个肌肉部位间的肌纤维直径、肌纤维面积和肌纤维密度等差异不显著(P>0.05),母羊的背最长肌、臂三头肌和股二头肌也表现出同样的规律;背最长肌和股二头肌的肌纤维直径和肌纤维面积均为公羊高于母羊,肌纤维密度为母羊高于公羊,但差异均不显著(P>0.05),臂三头肌的肌纤维直径为公羊显著高于母羊(P<0.05),肌纤维面积和肌纤维密度与背最长肌和股二头肌一致。     

麻核桃果实性状的变异及相关分析

以"满天星"、"苹果园"、"大官帽"等7个麻核桃品种为试材,对其青果的单果重、横径、纵径、果形指数以及坚果的单果重、横径、纵径、侧径、果形指数、三径均值进行了变异和相关分析,以期为麻核桃种植户、青果采购商在品种选择时提供参考依据。结果表明:在青果性状方面,"大官帽"的单果重和横径分别为109.01g和6.01cm,"承德官帽"的纵径为5.79cm,"满天星"的青皮厚度为1.17cm,均高于其它品种;"四座楼"单果重、纵径和青皮厚度的变异幅度分别为29.30g、0.63cm和0.29cm,变异系数分别为9.43%、3.63%和10.43%,"承德官帽"和"白狮子头"果形指数的变异幅度分别为0.11和0.11,变异系数分别为3.07%和3.97%,均低于其它品种。在坚果性状方面,"大官帽"的单果重、纵径、横径、侧径及三径均值分别为33.47g、4.47cm、4.69cm、4.39cm和4.52cm,均高于其它品种;"四座楼"和"苹果园"单果重、纵径及三径均值的变异幅度分别为9.00g、0.43cm、0.55cm和9.00g、0.44cm、0.45cm,变异系数分别为11.26%、3.91%、4.24%和12.09%、3.48%、4.00%,"四座楼"果形指数的变异幅度为0.13,变异系数为4.66%,均低于其它品种。青果和坚果性状的相关分析表明,青果单果重与坚果的单果重和横径呈显著正相关,与坚果的纵径和三径均值呈极显著正相关;青果纵径与坚果果形指数呈显著正相关,与坚果纵径呈极显著正相关;青皮厚度与坚果纵径呈极显著正相关。