Response of labile organic C and N pools to plastic film removal from semiarid farmland soil

To examine the effects of plastic film removal on grain yield and soil organic matter (SOM), a spring maize (Zea may L.) field experiment was conducted for 5 yr at Changwu Agricultural and Ecological Experimental Station of Northwest China. Compared with traditional plastic film mulching during entire growing stages (FM), plastic film removal at the silking stage (RM) resulted in a 6.3% higher average maize yield. Under the RM treatment, soil organic carbon and total nitrogen significantly increased after the 5‐yr cultivation in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer. Significant increases in extractable organic C (EOC), KMnO₄‐oxidizable C (KMnO₄‐C) and C management index (CMI) in the 0‐ to 20‐cm layer, and light fraction organic C and EOC in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer were observed in response to plastic film removal after the 1‐yr treatment; the responses were more significant after 5 yr. Under the RM treatment, significant increases in microbial biomass C, light fraction organic N, extractable organic N, KMnO₄‐C and CMI were also observed after five years in the 20‐ to 40‐cm layer. Moreover, KMnO₄‐C and EOC were much more sensitive than other labile SOM fractions to the application of RM, even after only 1 yr of cultivation. Therefore, compared with mulching for the whole growing season, plastic film removal at the maize silking stage is an effective option for increasing yields and enhancing SOM concentration and soil sustainability in the regions with semiarid monsoon climates that have sufficient rainfall during maize reproductive stages.     

推进四川兴文县竹产业高质量发展加快乡村振兴进程的思考

竹产业是兼具生态和经济效益的产业，四川省兴文县把竹产业作为振兴乡村的支柱产业进行打造，在全县各乡镇大力发展，取得了一定成效。文章在总结兴文县竹产业发展取得成效的基础上，分析了竹产业中存在的问题，对进一步推进兴文县竹产业高质量发展、加快乡村振兴进程提出了建议。     

Improvements of TKC Technology Accelerate Isolation of Transgene-Free CRISPR/Cas9-Edited Rice Plants

Elimination of the CRISPR/Cas9 constructs in edited plants is a prerequisite for assessing genetic stability, conducting phenotypic characterization, and applying for commercialization of the plants. However, removal of the CRISPR/Cas9 transgenes by genetic segregation and by backcross is laborious and time consuming. We previously reported the development of the transgene killer CRISPR (TKC) technology that uses a pair of suicide genes to trigger self-elimination of the transgenes without compromising gene editing efficiency. The TKC technology enables isolation of transgene-free CRISPR-edited plants within a single generation, greatly accelerating crop improvements. Here, we presented two new TKC vectors that show great efficiency in both editing the target gene and in undergoing self-elimination of the transgenes. The new vectors replaced the CaMV35S promoter used in our previous TKC vector with two rice promoters to drive one of the suicide genes, providing advantages over our previous TKC vector under certain conditions. The vectors reported here offered more options and flexibility to conduct gene editing experiments in rice.     

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes and Lipid Metabolism Signaling Pathways between Muscle and Fat Tissues in Broiler Chickens

In this study, signaling pathways and key differentially expressed genes (DEGs) involved in lipid metabolism in muscle and fat tissues were investigated. Muscle and abdominal fat tissues were obtained from 35-day-old female broilers for RNA sequencing. DEGs between muscle and fat tissues were identified. Gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses of DEGs were performed. A total of 6130 DEGs were identified to be significantly enriched in 365 GO terms, most of which were involved in biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions in muscle and fat tissues. Three important lipid signaling pathways (pyruvate metabolism, the insulin signaling pathway, and the adipocytokine signaling pathway) were identified among the fat and muscle tissues of broilers. The key common DEGs in these pathways included phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase 2 (PCK2), acetyl-CoA carboxylase 1 alpha and beta (ACACA and ACACB), and the mitogen-activated protein kinase (AMPK) gene family. Hence, our findings revealed the pathways and key genes and gene families involved in the regulation of fat deposition in the muscle and fat tissues of broilers.     

棉铃发育过程中不同组织IAA含量变化特点

为了解IAA与棉纤维品质形成间的关系及棉铃各部位IAA积累转运特点,本研究分析了棉铃各部分在发育过程中IAA含量的变化特点。通过选择陆地棉标准系TM-1、长纤维种质‘母35’和短纤维种质‘208’3个纤维长度差异较大的陆地棉材料,利用酶联免疫法对浙江杭州、海南三亚两地田间试验的各材料不同发育阶段的棉仁、棉籽壳、棉纤维、棉铃壳进行了IAA含量的测定。结果表明,不同参试材料的棉仁IAA含量存在明显差异,棉籽壳、棉纤维与棉铃壳的IAA含量峰值出现时间晚于棉仁,棉铃各个组织IAA含量具有随棉铃组织从内向外逐渐降低的趋势。研究表明,IAA可能是棉纤维发育的正效应因子,且棉铃发育过程中IAA可能呈初期在棉仁富集、随发育进程沿棉铃组织由内向外运输的规律。     

粮价“托底”有利水稻机械行情

疫情凶猛,经济遭殃,农业的基础地位进一步显现,而这自然牵涉到我们的农机产业。笔者注意到,最近国家和相关部门的有关政策,有利于让近年来处于连续下跌行情的水稻生产机械保持相对稳定。2月18日,国务院总理李克强主持召开国务院常务会议,部署不误农时切实抓好春季农业生产,着重强调“今年稻谷最低收购价保持稳定,视情可适当提高,鼓励有条件的地区恢复双季稻”。     

北京妙峰山森林文化条件价值评估

【目的】评价妙峰山森林文化价值，对我国其他地区的森林文化价值评估亦有一定的借鉴意义，为全面开展中国森林文化价值量化评估探索路径。【方法】采用条件价值评估法，调研受访者对森林文化的认同程度，评估妙峰山森林文化价值，继而采用逐步回归法分析受访者支付意愿的影响因素。【结果】古树名木、寓言典故和神山传说是受访者接触程度最高的文化符号；受访者了解森林文化的方式呈现多元化，互联网和书籍是最主要的途径；森林采摘是受访者最乐于接受的森林实践活动；94%以上的受访者认同森林具有文化价值，认可程度较高；舒缓心情是受访者最为认同的福利(占比为82.32%)，其次为锻炼身体(占比为62.20%)和休闲娱乐(占比为45.12%)；妙峰山森林文化的人均支付意愿为100元人民币，最重要的影响因素是个人年收入，其次是对森林文化价值的认同程度和学历；对所支付费用的使用透明度不放心是部分受访者拒绝支付的最主要原因；大部分受访者(占比为53.05%)愿意将所支付的费用使用在妙峰山森林文化艺术创作方面，捐款(占比为33.77%)是受访者最愿意接受的支付方式。【结论】理解偏差、心理账户偏差、支付方式偏差、投标起点偏差等多种偏差都会造成条件价值评估结果的误差。即使本研究只是初步估值，本研究的方法与结论仍然可以为建设与保护森林文化的相关管理决策提供依据。另外，如何提升国民对森林文化的认知和参与程度以及对森林文化所带来福利的感受，是提升国民对森林文化的认可程度，乃至提升森林文化价值的关键。森林文化的内涵随着人类对森林功能认识的不断深入、人类与森林相互作用关系的变化而不断拓展，如何正确认识森林文化并科学计量森林文化的价值仍然是一个有活力的课题，值得继续深入研究。     

利用SCoT对甜菜种质资源的鉴定及遗传多样性分析

为了研究SCoT分子标记技术对甜菜种质资源鉴定的可行性。利用80条SCoT引物对48份甜菜种质资源进行鉴别,同时对种质资源进行了遗传多样性分析和亲缘关系的鉴定。结果表明,80条SCoT引物中有6条能够扩增出清晰、且多态性高的条带,分别为SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT13、SCoT14、SCoT17和SCoT23,其中引物SCoT1、SCoT12、SCoT14和SCoT23单独使用均可鉴别全部的48份种质资源,引物SCoT13和SCoT17共同使用可以鉴别48个种质资源;聚类分析结果表明,在遗传距离0.15处,95.8%的种质资源均聚为一类,从分子角度上表明甜菜种质资源遗传距离较小。本研究为利用SCoT分子标记技术鉴别甜菜种质资源、对种质资源进行亲缘关系鉴定、杂交组合亲本选配以及分子标记辅助育种等提供相关科学依据。     

中国煤炭生产甲烷排放现状及对策研究

指出了煤炭行业的甲烷排放也是造成温室效应的重要因素之一,气候的变化直接影响到人类社会的可持续发展,我国有着丰富的煤层气储藏量,为发展新清洁能源奠定了坚实的基础,但是由于政策和技术限制,我国煤炭行业每年向大气中排放了大量的煤炭甲烷气体,尤其是低浓度煤炭甲烷,造成了资源浪费的同时也是煤炭生产安全的隐患.结合我国煤炭甲烷排放特征,分析了我国煤炭甲烷排放现状和主要的利用技术,并提出了中国煤炭甲烷排控的对策.