黑龙江垦区2006年～2008年水稻区生试品种(系)产量构成要素分析

以黑龙江垦区2006年～2008年区域生产试验的64个水稻品种(系)为材料,分析了2个熟期3a试验的平均产量与产量构成因素的关系。结果表明:在高产育种中,不同熟期应有不同的选择标准。中熟组应选分蘖中等、大穗的品种,早熟组应选择结实率高、穗数型品种。2个熟期高产育种的共同点是都应选择结实率较高的水稻品种。     

补充寄主提高林间松毛虫卵寄生率的研究

研究表明:在松林内,14种松毛虫卵寄生蜂中有9种能寄生柞蚕卵。利用柞蚕卵作为马尾松毛虫卵寄生蜂的补充寄主是可行的。补充寄主的林地,卵蜂种群密度比对照提高0.68～1.43倍,而长年补充又比阶段补充增加1.37倍,比对照区增加2倍。林间补充寄主后提高了平腹小蜂和白角小蜂的种群密度。第一代松毛虫卵期总寄生率补充寄主区较对照区提高5.16～28.96％,第二代提高3.62～24.97％;第三代提高8～17.99％。根据卵蜂在不同生态条件下的消长规律,补充寄主的方法应有所不同,在地被物稀少的松林中补充寄主的次数应多一些,而在地被物丰富的松林中,补充寄主的次数可相应减少。     

甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒杀虫剂的研制及药效测定

用麦胚人工饲料饲养甘蓝夜蛾幼虫,饲料添毒接种生产甘蓝夜蛾核型多角体病毒(MbNPV,东北农学院分离的菌株)。以2×10~6PIB/ml接种8龄末期幼虫为最佳接种条件,增殖效果最好,产量最高达4.55×10~9PIB/虫。自制MbNPV可湿性粉剂,室内毒力测定的LC_(50)为4.89×10~4PIB/ml,杀虫效力明显优于液剂。     

1975-1984年我国小麦条锈菌生理专化研究

 本文报道了我国小麦条锈菌生理小种鉴定协作组1975-1984年鉴定的9254个标样的结果,对发现的条中21-28号等小种进行了广泛研究,反映了我国小麦条锈菌的发展、变化及其与品种布局的关系,七十年代初的优势小种条中17号和18号急骤下降,出现频率分别由1975年的43.37%和20.78%下降到1977年的7.66和1.81%,而19号小种群则由1975年的15.06%上升到81.05%。进一步研究后将19号小种群中在鉴别寄主Trigo Eureka,丹麦1号,维尔和南大2419上有稳定的致病力差异的类型分别定名为条中23号、24号、25号和26号。其中25号于1981年在全国范围内上升为优势小种,1981-1984年出现频率达31.25-44.21%,其次是23号(12.48-27.58)和26号(5.84-24.64%)。新近发现的条中28号对当前作为抗原利用最广泛的洛夫林10等"洛类"品种有很强的致病力,是当前抗病育种的主要目标。本文还总结了我国小麦条锈菌传播,扩展的规律。这些对进一步提高我国小麦条锈病的研究和防治水平有重要意义。     

环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生测报的气候指标研究

采用次序统计量方法,以1988～1999年环青海湖地区草地蝗虫发生程度资料和气候资料研究了蝗虫灾害等级与当地气候指标的定量关系,建立了春季和夏季预测模型,并以此对2000～2003年该地区蝗虫发生状况进行了预测试验。结果表明,敏感气候因子有:上年11～12月气温、3～6月温度及5～6月降水量等。春季预测模型中的指标为:(1)T11<-6℃;(2)T12<-10℃;(3)T3>-4℃;(4)T4>2℃。夏季预测模型中的指标为:(1)(T11+T12)/2<-8.5℃;(2)(T3+T4)/2>-1.5℃;(3)(T5+T6)>7.5℃;(4)(R5+R6)<48mm。当模型中有3个或4个指标满足,则当年可能发生严重蝗虫灾害,当没有或只有1～2个指标满足,则不会发生严重蝗虫灾害。     

Effects of panax notoginseng saponins on pneumocyte apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression in rabbits with lung ischemia/reperfusion injury

AIM: AIM: To explore the relationship between apoptosis in the lung tissues and lung ischemia/reperfusion injury, and observe effects of panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on apoptosis in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury. METHODS: Single lung in situ ischemia/reperfusion animal model was used. Eighty four Japanese white rabbits were randomly divided into control group (control), ischemia/reperfusion 1 h group (IR1h), IR3h, IR5h, Panax Notoginseng Saponins 1 h group (PNS1h), PNS3h and PNS5h. TUNEL, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques were used to observe apoptosis and Fas/FasL expression in various phases of lung ischemia/reperfusion. RESULTS: Cell apoptosis in lung tissues were significantly high, Fas/FasL mRNA and its protein were up-regulated in lung tissues of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury compared with control (all of P<0.01). The PNS suppressed apoptosis as well as expression of Fas/FasL mRNA and its protein (P<0.05 or P<0.01, respectively). There was a significant correlation between expression of Fas/FasL protein, Fas/FasL mRNA and cell apoptosis (r=0.540，0.658，0.668，0.686；all P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Activation of Fas/FasL system and its initiating cell apoptosis of lung tissues may contribute to the pathogenesis of lung ischemia/reperfusion injury. The protective effects of PNS include suppressing the activation of Fas/FasL system and blocking apoptosis in lung tissues in lung ischemia/reperfusion injury.     

国内外蝗虫研究发展动向初探

蝗虫是广泛分布于世界各地尤其是中低纬度地区的一种昆虫，其分布广泛性和危害严重性使之成为多门学科重要的研究对象之一。本文比较系统地总结了当前国内外蝗虫研究状况和近新进展，初步探讨了蝗虫研究中的若干新领域与新技术，对开展相关研究有一定的借鉴意义。     

柑桔脚腐病研究

 本研究证明Phytophthora parasitica是我国柑桔脚腐病病原菌之一;高温多雨有利本病盛发;据对51个柑桔种质资源抗病性测定结果表明:枳、枳橙、枳柚、大叶金豆、酸橙等19个种类或品种对本病具有高抗或抗病,福桔、尤力克柠檬等14种材料为感病或重感病型,其余18个为中抗或中感型;防治试验证明,瑞毒霉(metalaxyl)、乙磷铝(phosethyl-Al)、甲霜铝铜(①metalaxyl②aluminum tris)等杀菌剂对病树有明显的治疗作用。利用抗病砧木靠接对缓解该病危害具有事半功倍的效果。     

蜂王浆中10-HDA的研究进展

对蜂王浆中10-HDA的来源、结构、性质及功能等方面的研究进展进行了介绍，并对近年来不断改进和完善的几种测定方法，如分光光度法、色谱法、酶联免疫法、气相色谱-质谱法等进行了简要分析。     

Gelatinases expression and their activity in rat alveolar macrophages induced by cigarette smoke medium

AIM: To study the effect of cigarette smoke medium (CSM) on the gene expression and activity of gelatinases from alveolar macrophages (AMs) in the rat, and then to explore their role in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: AMs were obtained from BALF of the rats that had smoked for 12 weeks. CSM was produced following the method of Wirtz and colleagues, and the cultured AMs were respectively stimulated for 24 h by 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% CSM. The mRNA levels of MMP-9 and MMP-2 were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR, and the enzyme activity was measured by Zymography. RESULTS: When the concentration of CSM was below 5%, the expression and activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 signficantly increased with the concentration of CSM in a dose-depended manner (P<0.05). While the concentration of CSM exceeded 5%, the expression and activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 correspondingly decreased with the increase in CSM concentrations (P<0.05), which possibly were related with the cytotoxicity of CSM. CONCLUSION: The expression and activity of MMP-9 and MMP-2 are induced by CSM. The gelatinases induced by smoking from AM may play an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD.