1975-1984年我国小麦条锈菌生理专化研究

 本文报道了我国小麦条锈菌生理小种鉴定协作组1975-1984年鉴定的9254个标样的结果,对发现的条中21-28号等小种进行了广泛研究,反映了我国小麦条锈菌的发展、变化及其与品种布局的关系,七十年代初的优势小种条中17号和18号急骤下降,出现频率分别由1975年的43.37%和20.78%下降到1977年的7.66和1.81%,而19号小种群则由1975年的15.06%上升到81.05%。进一步研究后将19号小种群中在鉴别寄主Trigo Eureka,丹麦1号,维尔和南大2419上有稳定的致病力差异的类型分别定名为条中23号、24号、25号和26号。其中25号于1981年在全国范围内上升为优势小种,1981-1984年出现频率达31.25-44.21%,其次是23号(12.48-27.58)和26号(5.84-24.64%)。新近发现的条中28号对当前作为抗原利用最广泛的洛夫林10等"洛类"品种有很强的致病力,是当前抗病育种的主要目标。本文还总结了我国小麦条锈菌传播,扩展的规律。这些对进一步提高我国小麦条锈病的研究和防治水平有重要意义。

ON THE PHYSIOLOGIC SPECIALIZATION OF STRIPE RUST OF WHEAT IN CHINA DURING THE YEARS 1975-1984

This is a report on the studies of the physiologic specialization of stripe rust of wheat in China during 1975-1984.During this period,9245 samples were collected and identified on 23 differential hosts,namely Trigo Eureka,Fulhard,Bima 1,Lutescens 128,Xibei 54.Beijing 8,Funo,Lovrin 13,Quality,Virgilio,Xibei Fenshou,Abbondanza,Fengchan 3,Kangyin 655,Jubilejina 2,Early Premium,Mentana,Danish 1,Taishan 1,Shuiyuah 11,Zhong 4,Lovrin 10 and Gansu 96.In the middle of 1970s,the percentage of occurrence of races CY17 and CY 18 reduced from 43.37% and 20.78% to 7.66% in 1975 and 1.81% in 1977,while the race CY 19 raised from 15.06% in 1975 to 81.05% in 1977.Starting from 1980,the race CY 19 has been further subdivided into 5 races,namely CY 19,CY 23,CY 24,CY 25 and CY 26 according to their pathogencity.Since then the race CY 25 has become the dominant race in China,of which the percentage of occurrence during 1981-1984 was 31.25-44.21%,while that of the less important race CY 23 was 12.68-27.58%.In recent years,a race indentified as CY 28 which is very virulent to the source of resistance of Lovrin 10 and its related cultivars has been discovered.Breeding wheat for resistance to this race is urgently needed.