柏木(Cupressus funebris Endl)材质、材性要素的宏观生态变异

在随机抽取木材样件并进行材质材性测定的基础上,通过典型正交分析,研究了柏木材质的宏观生态变异规律。结果表明林型、立地类型、栽培区和经营类型的改变显著地影响到柏木的材质材性要素。与阔叶树种混交显著增大了气干密度、管胞长度和年轮宽度,提高了木材抗压,抗弯强度;随着立地的贫瘠化,木材抗压、抗弯强度增大;栽培区和经营类型的改变主要通过调节木材数量生长影响及材质、材性。研究结果为柏木材质定向培育提供了科学的措施依据。     

小麦抗旱性鉴定方法及评价指标研究Ⅱ抗旱性鉴定评价技术规程

针对目前小麦品种抗旱性的评价标准不够标准,认识不够统一的问题,介绍了应用于国家旱地小麦品种区试的小麦品种全生育期抗旱性鉴定、幼苗期反复干旱法抗旱性鉴定、种子萌发期PEG胁迫法抗旱性鉴定评价的技术规程,以期能在统一标准下鉴定品种的抗旱性,为小麦抗旱育种和抗旱品种的筛选鉴定及可比性提供依据。     

小麦抗旱性鉴定方法及评价指标研究Ⅲ综合评价指标的比较研究

为了筛选适宜小麦品种抗旱性鉴定的综合指标,在灌水和旱棚鉴定条件下,以137个品种为试材,研究了小麦品种抗旱性的基因型间差异,对抗旱系数、干旱敏感指数、抗旱指数和抗旱指数DI等抗旱鉴定产量指标进行了比较分析。结果表明,品种间抗旱性存在较大遗传差异。小麦品种抗旱机制和抗旱表现的复杂性要求选择全生育期综合抗旱性评价指标。小麦品种抗旱鉴定与小麦抗旱种质筛选不同。抗旱系数反映材料的稳产性,对于小麦种质抗旱性筛选更直观。抗旱指数DI以对照品种的表现为参照,兼顾品种的相对产量(抗旱系数)和绝对产量,便于与品种区试和品种产量比较试验结合,可操作性强,是目前最适用于小麦抗旱育种和区域试验的综合性抗旱鉴定指标。     

运用景观生态学基本原理规划城市绿地系统斑块和廊道

为了更有效地布局城市绿地,使城市绿地最大地发挥生态效益和社会效益,从生态学的基本理论出发,通过对生态学中"斑块—廊道—基质"的分析,并且总结前人的研究成果,得出以下结论:在进行绿地斑块规划时,绿地斑块的数量越多、斑块越大、斑块之间的连接度越大,则生态效益越高;此外,紧凑或圆形的斑块在保护内部资源方面具有最高效率;在进行廊道规划的时候,需特别强调它在维持和恢复景观生态过程及格局的连续性和完整性;生态廊道根据主要功能的不同,分为河流保护型、生物保护型、环境防护型和游憩使用型等4种,从而确定不同廊道的宽度和廊道中植被的分布。参8     

蓝果忍冬果实中主要糖酸组分的高效液相色谱法测定

为了更好的分析蓝果忍冬的食用价值,为高效利用优异种质资源提供理论依据,采用高效液相色谱法,对42个蓝果忍冬资源的果实中主要糖酸组分及其含量进行了测定。结果表明,供试的42个蓝果忍冬资源果实中主要可溶性糖为葡萄糖,含量在1222~5582.6 mg/100 g,平均值为3412.5 mg/100 g,果糖含量为792.5~3324.7 mg/100g,平均值为2121.1 mg/100 g,还有少量的山梨醇,2种主要的可溶性糖,果糖和葡萄糖比为1:1.61;柠檬酸含量最高,占总酸含量的62.2%,含量每100 g在1029.8~3215.6 mg之间,平均值为1959.6 mg/100 g,苹果酸次之,含量为434.3~1616.6 mg/100 g,平均值为828 mg/100 g,苹果酸占总酸26.2%,其他有机酸含量较低。蓝果忍冬品种间可溶性糖、有机酸含量的变异系数差异较大,为26.11%~106%,其中柠檬酸变异系数最小,草酸最大。     

鳜塘水体理化因子昼夜变化及相关性研究

通过对鳜塘水体部分理化因子昼夜检测及藻类的观察 ,分析了塘水重要理化因子昼夜变化情况。结果表明 ,不同鳜塘溶氧、pH值昼夜升降变化规律基本一致 ,总铵、亚硝酸盐氮、磷酸盐磷昼夜变化因塘而异。鳜塘生态因子的统计分析还显示 ,磷酸盐磷与异氧细菌数 (r2 8=0 30 )相关性最大 ,其次是与溶氧 (r2 8=0 2 4 ) ;亚硝酸盐氮与叶绿素a呈负相关 (r2 8=- 0 35) ;总铵与多数因子呈负相关 ,但相关不显著     

日光温室采光屋面曲线数学模型的建立与分析

通过数学方法,并结合计算机模拟,对日光温室不同弧度的采光屋面太阳光入射率进行了严密的计算。从中得到的结论是:温室采光随采光屋面弧度的加大,采光效果变差,但这种变化幅度是相当小的,太阳光入射率最多不会超过3%,在温室设计中可以不予考虑。     

高效液相色谱法测定食用菌中福美双残留量

建立食用菌中福美双残留量的高效液相色谱(HPLC)检测方法.新鲜食用菌子实体样品粉碎后经二氯甲烷超声(53 Hz)提取20 min,离心(3320 g、5 min),二氯甲烷经氮气吹干,甲醇定容后用HPLC测定.以等体积甲醇和0.1％甲酸水溶液为流动相,1 mL/min等度洗脱,在0.05～10 μg/mL范围内,福美双的峰面积与其浓度呈线性相关,R≥0.999,方法检出限为0.02 mg/kg,添加回收率为79.4％～90.2％,变异系数为1.15％～7.51％％.     

Rhizospheric and heterotrophic respiration of a warm-temperate oak chronosequence in China

Plot trenching and root decomposition experiments were conducted in a warm-temperate oak chronosequence (40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old, and 143-year-old) in China. We partitioned total soil surface CO₂ efflux (R_S) into heterotrophic (R_H) and rhizospheric (R_R) components across the growing season of 2009. We found that the temporal variation of R_R and R_H can be well explained by soil temperature (T₅) at 5 cm depth using exponential equations for all forests. However, R_R of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests peaked in September, while their T₅ peaks occurred in August. R_R of 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests showed a similar pattern to T₅. The contribution of R_R to R_S (RC) of 40-year-old and 48-year-old forests presented a second peak in September. Seasonal variation of R_R may be accounted for by the different successional stages. Cumulative R_H and R_R during the growing season varied with forest age. The estimated R_H values for 40-year-old, 48-year-old, 80-year-old and 143-year-old forests averaged 431.72, 452.02, 484.62 and 678.93 g C m⁻², respectively, while the corresponding values of R_R averaged 191.94, 206.51, 321.13 and 153.03 g C m⁻². The estimated RC increased from 30.78% in the 40-year-old forest to 39.85% in the 80-year-old forest and then declined to 18.39% in the 143-year-old forest. We found soil organic carbon (SOC), especially the light fraction organic carbon (LFOC), stock at 0-10 cm soil depth correlated well with R_H. There was no significant relationship between R_R and fine root biomass regardless of stand age. Measured apparent temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀) of R_H (3.93 ± 0.27) was significantly higher than that of R_R (2.78 ± 0.73). Capillary porosity decreased as stand age increased and it was negatively correlated to cumulative R_S. Our results emphasize the importance of partitioning soil respiration in evaluating the stand age effect on soil respiration and its significance to future model construction.     

梨新品种——早金香的选育

早金香是从矮香与三季梨的杂交后代中选育出的梨新品种.果实粗颈葫芦形,平均单果质量237.0 g,果皮黄绿色,肉质细、软,石细胞少,汁多味甜,有淡香,可溶性固形物含量13.2%,果心小,品质上等.早果,丰产,抗性强.在辽宁兴城地区8月上中旬成熟.适于露地和设施栽培.