Improvement of softening treatment technology of bamboo

In order to improve the efficiency of softening bamboo block when manufacturing bamboo veneer, chemistry reagents such as NaHCO₃ are often adopted during bamboo softening treatment. But the results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the band intensity at 1,733 cm⁻¹, assigned to C=O stretching vibration in xylan, was reduced in the spectrum of softening-treated bamboo with NaHCO₃ compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo without NaHCO₃. That is to say, that the hemicellulose of bamboo was destroyed after softening treatment with NaHCO₃, which meant that softening treatment of bamboo with NaHCO₃, is not a perfect softening treatment method. Thus, in this paper a softening technology at 120°C for 30 min in a closed container was adopted. The results of FTIR show that there was almost no difference in FTIR spectra between no softening treatment of bamboo and softening treatment of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min, which meant that softening treatment at 120°C for 30 min had no effect on the composition of bamboo. The results of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) show that T _g of not softening-treated bamboo was 120°C, while T _g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was 88°C. T _g of softening-treated bamboo at 120°C for 30 min decreased by 26.7% compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The results of hardness show that the hardness of bamboo strip after a softening treatment for 30 min at 120°C decreased by 42.0–54.6% compared with that of not softening-treated bamboo. The results of hardness and DMA show that the effect of softening treatment of bamboo at 120°C for 30 min was resultful.     

Analysis of three types of triterpenoids in tetraploid white birches (Betula platyphylla Suk.) and selection of plus trees

Betulin, oleanolic acid, and betulinic acid are naturally occurring pentacyclic triterpenoids that have significant medicinal value. Considerable amounts of these triterpenoids are available in the out...     

盐胁迫对菌根化沙枣幼苗生长性状的影响

以实生沙枣苗木为供试植物、异形根孢囊霉(Rhizophagus irregularis)为供试菌株,采用盆栽培养方法,设置浓度为0、100、200、300 mmol·L-1的NaCl胁迫菌根化沙枣幼苗,测定不同浓度NaCl胁迫的菌根化沙枣幼苗的株高、基径、生物量、功能叶片生长参数、盐害症状,分析盐胁迫对菌根化植物生长的影响.结果表明:盐胁迫对沙枣苗木生长具有显著的抑制效应,但不同浓度盐处理与对照相比,接种丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)显著提高了沙枣苗木的株高、基径(P<0.05).在盐浓度为300 mmol·L-1时,沙枣苗木的株高、基径增加幅度,分别为11.30％、4.35％.经浓度为100、200、300 mmol·L-1的盐处理,接种沙枣苗木比不接种沙枣苗木的全株总生物量,分别增加36.30％、52.22％、104.54％.在盐浓度为300 mmol·L-1时,菌根化沙枣苗木的单叶面积、比叶面积、叶面积比率,比对照分别增加138.46％、30.90％、130.27％.相同盐浓度胁迫时,接种沙枣苗木叶片脱落率、枯黄率、盐害率,均显著低于不接种处理(P<0.05).接种异形根孢囊霉,缓解了盐胁迫对沙枣生长产生的不利影响,提高了植物耐盐胁迫能力.     

咪唑型离子液体溶液中纤维素酶荧光活性测定

为考查纤维素酶在离子液体溶液中的酶活,采用荧光光谱分析法对离子液体中纤维素酶的荧光活性测定,研究离子液体的浓度、类型对纤维素酶的活性影响。结果表明:纤维素酶在咪唑类离子液体溶液中荧光活性随离子液体浓度的升高而降低。离子液体为[C4 mim]Cl、[C4 mim]Br,且浓度为0.1 mol/L使纤维素酶的荧光强度减低最小,即对酶活性影响最小。     

Biochemical composition of pond-reared and lake-stocked Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis (H. Milne-Edwards) broodstock

The morphological characteristics, tissue indices, proximate and fatty acid compositions of hepatopancreas, gonad and muscle of pond‐reared (PR) and lake‐stocked (LS) Eriocheir sinensis broodstock were compared. Lake‐stocked crabs are characterized by a blue carapace, white abdomen, golden legs and yellow setae while PR crabs have a brown carapace, grey abdomen, black legs and similar yellow setae. The carapace length and width of PR crabs were significantly less than those of LS crabs of the same wet weight (WW). The results showed that the hepatosomatic index (HSI) of PR males was significantly higher, but the gonadosomatic index (GSI) was significantly lower for PR females when compared with LS individuals of the same sex. Regardless of their origin, the muscular index (MI) of males was higher than that of females. The hepatopancreas of LS crabs had higher protein levels and lower lipid levels compared with PR crabs. The results of proximate analysis of male gonads from two different sources were similar, while the protein level in the ovary of LS females was higher than that of PR females. The tissues of males had higher water content but lower lipid and protein levels compared with females regardless of their source. The LS crabs had higher highly unsaturated fatty acid (HUFA) levels than PR crabs in their gonad and hepatopancreas. In conclusion, our results suggest that the nutritional quality of LS crabs is better than that of PR crabs, the nutritional quality of males is poorer than that of females. The reproductive performance and larval quality of crabs from these two rearing systems should be further verified.     

刺参生殖周期的研究

本文根据大连沿海刺参生殖腺的活体观察、分期特征以及生殖腺指数、生殖腺主分枝的最大直径和消化管重量的季节变化，研究了刺参的产卵习性及产卵盛期。通过对生殖腺组织学的研究，论述了刺参的性腺发育阶段及其生殖周期。     

大连海区皱纹盘鲍生殖周期的研究

本文对大连海区皱纹盘鲍性腺指数的季节变化及生殖周期进行了初步研究。对精巢和卵巢的发育过程分别从组织学作了分期。对各发育时期的基本特征作了较详细描述。并且讨论了准确掌握鲍的繁殖期应注意的有关问题等。     

农业高校财务公开的探讨

通过对农业高校财务公开的重要性和经济学基础的分析,探讨农业高校财务公开的形式和具体内容,并以此为基础归纳出农业高校财务信息公开的系统图。     

海南省新农村文化建设分析与展望

经过多年的努力,海南省在新农村文化建设中取得了骄人的成就,但也存在着基础设施建设滞后、农村干群认识不到位、基层文化队伍建设薄弱等问题。通过深入分析,提出了改变开展新农村文化建设的观念、完善推进新农村文化建设的机制、大力培养新农村文化建设工作队伍等改革措施。     

棉花叶片厚度的高光谱测试方法

植物叶片厚度的变化能够指示植物生长状态的改变,为了实时、活体、无损地获取叶片厚度,该研究以棉花叶片为研究对象,利用DPS、Origin统计分析软件分析84组光谱数据与叶片厚度的相关性。研究表明,光谱反射率与叶片厚度在可见光350～369 nm及664～689 nm 2个较窄区域达到了极显著正相关关系,在红外917～1 884、2 048～2 380 nm 2个区域呈极显著负相关关系,总体相关程度红外波段高于可见光波段。红边参数与叶片厚度的相关性不高,24个形状参数与厚度达到了极显著相关水平,其中,中心为980 nm的吸收谷面积与叶片厚度相关度最高,相关系数为0.848。分别用反射率、植被指数、光谱形状参数建立并测试3个估算模型,相对误差最高为7.4%,均方根差最高为0.051 mm。结果表明利用高光谱分析技术,可以实现叶片厚度的快速、活体测量。