有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱的免疫化学分析方法研究

 将免疫抗原AR-BSA免疫兔子,制得了高效价的抗毒死蜱多克隆抗体,采用改良高碘酸钠法将纯化的抗体制备了酶标抗体。利用所得的抗体与酶标抗体,分别建立了有机磷杀虫剂毒死蜱的免疫化学分析方法,间接竞争ELISA法与直接竞争ELISA法的检测限分别为0.0033和0.0042μg·ml-1,它们的检测范围在0.005～2.0μg·ml-1之间,线性关系较好。     

中国苹果农药残留研究初报

为评估中国苹果农药残留状况,2003—2004年从主产区采集样品153个(渤海湾地区65个,西北黄土高原地区88个),检测29种农药的残留量。96.08%的样品检出农药残留,13.07%的样品农药残留超标。14种农药检测到了残留,但只有多菌灵、敌敌畏、对硫磷和倍硫磷等4种农药出现残留超标,超标率分别为6.54%、4.58%、2.61%和0.65%。分析了残留超标原因,提出了降低农药残留对策。     

Crystallographic structure of the octameric histone core of the nucleosome at a resolution of 3.3 A

The structure of the (H2A-H2B-H3-H4)2 histone octamer has been determined by means of x-ray crystallographic techniques at a resolution of 3.3 angstroms. The octamer is a prolate ellipsoid 110 angstroms long and 65 to 70 angstroms in diameter, and its general shape is that of a rugby ball. The size and shape are radically different from those determined in earlier studies. The most striking feature of the histone octamer is its tripartite organization, that is, a central (H3-H4)2 tetramer flanked by two H2A-H2B dimers. The DNA helix, placed around the octamer in a path suggested by the features on the surface of the protein, appears like a spring holding the H2A-H2B dimers at either end of the (H3-H4)2 tetramer.     

控制花器官发育的ABCDE模型

经典的ABC模型有效地解释了花器官发育的分子机制,可以广泛地解释因同源异型基因的突变而引起的植物花器官变异。随后,大量花器官特征基因及蛋白特性的研究完善了ABC模型,形成了目前广为接受的ABCDE模型。最近提出的四聚体模型解释了花器官发育基因的蛋白互作原理。这些模型构成了花发育生物学研究的重要理论基础。     

Bacterial rhodopsin: evidence for a new type of phototrophy in the sea

Extremely halophilic archaea contain retinal-binding integral membrane proteins called bacteriorhodopsins that function as light-driven proton pumps. So far, bacteriorhodopsins capable of generating a chemiosmotic membrane potential in response to light have been demonstrated only in halophilic archaea. We describe here a type of rhodopsin derived from bacteria that was discovered through genomic analyses of naturally occuring marine bacterioplankton. The bacterial rhodopsin was encoded in the genome of an uncultivated gamma-proteobacterium and shared highest amino acid sequence similarity with archaeal rhodopsins. The protein was functionally expressed in Escherichia coli and bound retinal to form an active, light-driven proton pump. The new rhodopsin exhibited a photochemical reaction cycle with intermediates and kinetics characteristic of archaeal proton-pumping rhodopsins. Our results demonstrate that archaeal-like rhodopsins are broadly distributed among different taxa, including members of the domain Bacteria. Our data also indicate that a previously unsuspected mode of bacterially mediated light-driven energy generation may commonly occur in oceanic surface waters worldwide.     

Spin-dependent WIMP limits from a bubble chamber

Bubble chambers were the dominant technology used for particle detection in accelerator experiments for several decades, eventually falling into disuse with the advent of other techniques. We report here on a new application for these devices. We operated an ultraclean, room-temperature bubble chamber containing 1.5 kilograms of superheated CF3I, a target maximally sensitive to spin-dependent and -independent weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) couplings. An extreme intrinsic insensitivity to the backgrounds that commonly limit direct searches for dark matter was measured in this device under operating conditions leading to the detection of low-energy nuclear recoils like those expected from WIMPs. Improved limits on the spin-dependent WIMP-proton scattering cross section were extracted during our experiments, excluding this type of coupling as a possible explanation for a recent claim of particle dark-matter detection.     

太白山不同生境蚂蚁的物种多样性研究

应用 Margalef物种丰富度模型指数 Ds、Shamnon- weaver信息多样性指数 H′和 Pielou均匀度指数 Jsw,分析了太白山不同林带 (亚带 )蚁科昆虫的丰富度、多样性及均匀度 ,并根据相似系数 C,对 9个不同林带 (亚带 )进行了系统聚类分析。结果表明 ,随着太白山海拔高度及森林植被组成的变化 ,不同林带分布的蚁种组成有较大的差异 ,在海拔低、植被组成丰富的林带 (亚带 ) ,分布的蚁种多、数量大 ,丰富度和多样性指数高 ;在海拔高、植被组成相对简单的林带 (亚带 ) ,分布的蚁种少、数量小 ,多样性差 ;南坡各林带 (亚带 )蚁种的丰富度和多样性指数均大于相同海拔高度的北坡林带 (亚带 ) ;9个不同林带 (亚带 )可被分为 3类 ,并最终在相似系数 0 .1 80的水平全部聚合在一起     

红尾副鳅消化系统结构研究

对红尾副鳅的消化系统结构进行研究,结果表明:口咽腔顶壁有味蕾分布,粘液细胞较底壁多;胃呈"U"形,贲门部和盲囊部含有大量胃腺,而幽门与肠交接处胃腺消失;肠各段在组织结构上差异不显著;肛门粘膜下层发达。消化腺主要为肝脏和胰腺。肝细胞索明显,但无明显的肝小叶,亦无明显的中央静脉存在,但肝血窦发达;胰腺主要弥散分布于肝脏中以及胃与肠交接之处,其他还伴随着肠呈纵行分布。