丘陵地区水环境保护的生态农业规划方法--以山东省文登市为例

结合文登市水环境综合整治规划研究，作者应用生态学基本原理，对文登水环境生态系统结构和功能进行了系统的分析，阐明了文登水环境污染的现状以及存在的生态问题，提出文登市区域水环境保护与发展的生态农业建设方案与策略。     

交错叶片对三通道蜗壳离心泵水动力性能的影响

为改善筒袋泵水动力性能,基于SST k-ω湍流模型,对立式筒袋泵首级叶轮进行三维非定常数值模拟,采用时-频域数据处理法,对各个监测点的压力脉动进行分析,主要研究了同一叶轮模型下蜗壳不同截面的压力脉动情况及不同交错角对离心泵内压力脉动和径向力的影响。结果表明:在三隔舌三通道蜗壳内,每隔120°压力脉动情况相似;随着交错角度的增加,距离隔舌较近且顺着叶片旋转方向的监测点压力脉动下降最多,压力脉动标准差下降了85%以上;叶轮所受径向力最多下降了60%;叶片交错后液体在轴向方向上会更容易产生流动,导致流动损失但有助于平稳蜗壳内的压力。综上所述,采用交错叶片有助于提高筒袋泵水动力性能。该研究为交错叶片结构在筒袋泵中的应用提供了参考。     

中国木兰科单性木兰属的木材解剖

单性木兰木材解剖特征为:散孔材;管孔数目少;单管孔占优势。导管分子侧壁具螺纹加厚;底壁梯状穿孔,横隔条数多。木射线较少;射线组织异形Ⅱ型及Ⅲ型为主;无油细胞及结晶体。轴向薄壁组织轮界状,稀疏傍管型偶见。木材构造与近缘的木兰属有较大差别。     

小麦籽粒饱满度与环境条件的关系及其遗传分析

小麦籽粒表面皱缩的遗传力很低,仅为18.67％,易随栽培条件而发生变化,宜改善栽培条件增加其充实程度。腹沟比率的遗传力较高,品种(系)为56.15％,杂种为59.88％。说明腹沟比率的遗传性较稳定,不易受环境条件的影响。可选用腹沟丰满的亲本组配、选育成籽粒饱满的品种。     

红子果实发育和冷冻贮藏果的解剖研究

红子果实的肉质果壁是由托附杯借细胞体积增大发育而来。成熟果壁细胞不含有淀粉粒，但具有大量单宁细胞。速冻果果壁细胞间隙和细胞内有许多小冰晶体，细胞受损害小。缓冻果的胞间冰晶体大而数量少，细胞受损程度大。     

预热段蚕茧感温与干燥工艺关系的研究

研究表明 ,鲜蛹与半干蛹感温变化趋势相似 ;快速加温与中、慢速加温区间蛹体感温存在极显著差异 ;预热段加温速度以中速偏快 (1 0～ 1 2℃ /min)为宜。茧层潮湿可以使半干蛹感温滞后 2～ 6min ,并且快、中速加温区同工艺对应潮、燥茧层间 ,半干蛹感温差异水平显著。说明茧层水分一方面吸收了空气热量 ,另一方面又阻碍了热能向茧内传递     

高山草地的光谱反射特征及其估产模型

对祁连山东段高山草地中５种植物群落的光谱反射特征进行了测试研究。结果表明：１）草本植物和灌木种群的光谱反射率在可见光波段上无显著差异，但在近红外波段存在显著差异；２）土壤背景和测试仪器高度对群落的光谱反射产生显著影响；３）植物生长盛期，可用近红外波段的反射差异来区分草地植物群落的空间分布：４）草地植物群落的地上植物量与几种变换的植被指数呈显著或极显著的非线性相关。     

Food consumption patterns in an adult urban population in Beirut, Lebanon

OBJECTIVES: To investigate, measure and assess the food consumption pattern of the adult population living in Beirut, Lebanon, and to identify inadequate or excessive intake of food groups particularly linked to non-communicable diseases. DESIGN: A cross-sectional food consumption survey was conducted in 2001. Dietary habits were assessed by means of a quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. SETTING: Dietary survey of the urban population (Beirut). SUBJECTS: Random sample of 444 adult subjects (aged 25-54 years) in Beirut. RESULTS: The mean consumption of food by the study population was estimated to be 3,030 g day(-1), providing an energy intake of 2,523.57 kcal day(-1). Fat contributed 38.9% to the average daily energy intake, protein 13.4% and carbohydrates 47.2%. Mean consumption of fruits and vegetables was approximately 367 g day(-1) and 45.3% of subjects consumed less than the recommended 400 g daily. Cereals contributed 324.5 g day(-1), providing 35.0% of daily energy intake, with bread being the most highly consumed (146.2 g day(-1)) in this food group. The mean intake of meat and poultry products was 91.7 g day(-1) and provided 8.8% of daily energy intake, with consumption of butchery products especially beef being the highest (47.6 g day(-1)) followed by poultry (36.1 g day(-1)). A low consumption of fish was noted (19.7 g day(-1)), with 73.6% of subjects consuming less than the recommended 2 servings of fish per week. Dairy products contributed 243.1 g day(-1) or 10.9% of daily energy intake, and milk was the least consumed dairy product (56.8% of consumers). The intake of added fats and oils, excluding those in cooked recipes, was 20.4 g day(-1); olive oil was not used in cooking but was added solely at the table and its mean intake was 5 g day(-1). The consumption of butter was low (0.86 g day(-1)) and vegetable oil was the type of fat mostly used in cooking. The average intake of alcoholic beverages was low (33.6 g day(-1)), accounting for 0.7% of total energy intake. Women had significantly higher intakes of milk, dairy products, vegetables and coffee than men (P < 0.05). The percentage of women who reported the use of low-fat items was significantly higher than that of men. Younger people (25-34 years) ate significantly more meat, sugar, alcoholic beverages and soft drinks, and consumed significantly less cooked vegetables and legumes, than older ones (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The rather high contribution of fat to daily energy intake, the low intake of fish and the relatively high percentage of people consuming less than the recommended amount of fruits and vegetables observed in this study suggest that the adult Lebanese population is at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and other non-communicable diseases, which provides the basis for recommending increased intakes of fish, particularly fatty fish, and fruits and vegetables.     

塑膜保水集热对马铃薯种苗PSⅡ荧光特性和吸收光能分配的影响

为探讨寒旱区马铃薯高产高效栽培技术,以耐寒旱马铃薯品种陇薯3号和喜湿热品种LK99为材料,研究了塑膜小拱棚处理对马铃叶片叶绿素特性、PSⅡ荧光猝灭和吸收光能分配的影响。结果表明:塑膜处理后,两个马铃薯品种叶片叶绿素含量、叶绿素b/a、Fv/Fm、Fv/Fm、ΦPSⅡ、ETR、qP和Pc较对照有不同程度升高,qN和Hd降低,Ex变化不大;这种影响对喜湿热马铃薯LK99表现更突出。说明塑膜提供的高温高湿环境有利于两种生态型马铃薯试管苗移栽和光合效能的提高。     

城市公园中生态景观要素探讨

指出了生态景观的营造能够提高城市公园改善环境的能力,是公园建设的主流趋势。从地形、水、植物、野生动物、景观风格特点、管理、科普教育7个方面对城市公园中生态景观要素进行了探讨。