模拟降雨格局变化对虎尾草分株和根系特征的影响

作为全球气候变化的重要组成部分,降雨格局变化能够对各类植物产生不同的影响。虎尾草为退化盐碱草地恢复的主要先锋种植物之一,降雨格局变化如何影响其分株和根系等特征对于全球变化背景下退化盐碱地的生态恢复至关重要。本研究通过人工模拟降雨格局变化试验,设置了3个降水量（减少30%、不变、增加30%）和2个降雨间隔（1、2 d）, 研究了虎尾草地上分株和地下根系形态特征对降雨格局变化的响应。结果表明：1） 降雨格局的变化对虎尾草有性生殖特征几乎无影响,随着降水量增加或降雨间隔延长营养繁殖特征具有增加的趋势。2） 降雨间隔和降水量对虎尾草根系影响程度不同,降雨间隔为主要影响因素,且二者相互依赖。降水量一定时,随着降雨间隔的增加,总根长、总表面积、总体积和根直径显著降低。3） 降水量和降雨间隔均影响虎尾草生物量的积累,降雨间隔为主要影响因素,随着降雨间隔的增加,根、茎、总生物量均显著降低,叶和花序生物量具有减小的趋势,但是影响不显著。     

旋耕机刀片的耐磨性研究

结合旋耕机刀片的工况条件,运用摩擦学的研究成果,揭示了旋耕刀的磨损机理,并建立了冲蚀磨损模型。经试验验证,提出了影响旋耕刀耐磨性的因素,指出低碳高合金钢作为旋耕刀材料具有比高碳钢65Mn更好的抗磨损机能。     

Skull size and shape variation in Psammomys spp. (Rodentia,Gerbillinae) from Tunisia,with emphasis on the impact of allometric variation on species recognition

In Tunisia both Psammomys obesus and P. vexillaris are found. These taxa have been the subject of taxonomic controversy for some time, due to variability in the classical morphological characters used for taxonomic recognition. In this study we investigated skull size and shape variation in the genus Psammomys by using geometric morphometrics to evaluate the extent of intra- and interspecific shape variation and explicitly tested for the impact of allometric shape variation on species discrimination. Eleven populations of the two species from 10 localities in Tunisia were studied. Statistical analyses of size and shape showed large size variation within P. obesus, but no shape differences were revealed among populations of this species. Interspecific analysis revealed that P. vexillaris had the smallest skull. Principal component analysis and Procrustes distances showed good discrimination between the two species after removal of the allometric component of shape variation. The results obtained show that allometric-related shape variation could mask discrimination between the two Psammomys species. This finding might explain the uncertainty in classification of these species in the past. The interspecific allometric-free phenotypic differences observed may be associated with adaptive processes linked to the different environmental and trophic preferences of the two species.     

Physiological but not morphological adjustments along latitudinal gradients in a human commensal species,the Eurasian tree sparrow

Human commensal species take advantage of anthropogenic conditions that are less likely to be challenged by the selective pressures of natural environments. Their morphological and physiological phenotypes can therefore dissociate from habitat characteristics. Understanding how these species adjust their morphological and physiological traits across latitudinal gradients is fundamental to uncovering the eco-physiological strategies underlying coping mechanisms. Here, we studied morphological traits in breeding Eurasian tree sparrows (ETSs; Passer montanus) among low-latitude (Yunnan and Hunan) and middle-latitude (Hebei) localities in China. We then compared body mass; lengths of bill, tarsometatarsus, wing, total body, and tail feather; and baseline and capture stress-induced levels of plasma corticosterone (CORT) and the metabolites including glucose (Glu), total triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), total protein, and uric acid (UA). None of the measured morphological parameters varied with latitude except in the Hunan population, which demonstrated longer bills than those in other populations. Stress-induced CORT levels significantly exceeded baseline levels and decreased with increasing latitude, but total integrated CORT levels did not vary with latitude. Capture stress-induced significantly increased Glu levels and decreased TG levels, independent of site. However, the Hunan population had significantly higher baseline CORT, baseline and stress-induced FFA levels, but lower UA levels, which differed from other populations. Our results suggest that rather than morphological adjustments, physiological adjustments are mainly involved in coping mechanisms for middle-latitude adaptation in ETSs. It is worth investigating whether other avian species also exhibit such dissociation from external morphological designs while depending on physiological adjustments.     

RECREATING SMALL SEAMLESS TUBE MILLS BY PIERCING INSFEAD OF ROLLING

This paper discuss the effects of automatic plug mills in small seamless tube mills. Far from traditional ideas,the auther comes rp with mew ideas, which adot the mew process of replacing rolling by piercing,a huge sum of economical interests and great social benefits will be gained.     

间接竞争性ELISA检测甲胺磷残留

采用制备的兔抗血清建立了甲胺磷（methamidophos,MTP)残留的间接竞争性ELISA方法，证明了抗血清的特异性较好，并确立了测定参数：抗血清与包被抗原的最佳工作浓度分别为1：3000和1：5000；最适检测范围为0．01－0．1μg/ml；批内变异系数7．56％，批间变异系数5．70％。     

稀有植物喜荫草种群结构及所在群落结构特征

文章对我国热带地区出现的稀有植物喜荫草S.tenella Bl.的种群结构及其所在群落结构特征进行描述。结果表明喜荫草在野外出现的频度较小,不易于被发现;但其种群结构较为稳定,更新良好。而且,喜荫草种群所在群落存在一定数量的本土特有种和保护植物,喜荫草能与它们良好的共生,它主要生长区域集中在尖峰岭自然保护区的范围内,得到良好的保护。     

Cell surfaces in plant micro-organism interactions. VIII. Increased proteinase inhibitor activity in melon plants in response to infection by Colletotrichum lagenarium or to treatment with an elicitor fraction from this fungus

Proteinase inhibitor activity had increased sharply in melon seedlings infected by Colletotrichum lagenarium 3 days after inoculation. The activity was associated with heat stable proteins and was effective against the protease produced by the fungus as well as against trypsin. Treatment of healthy melon leaves with an elicitor of ethylene isolated from the pathogen, resulted in a three-fold increase in proteinase inhibitor activity after 24 h. Ethylene production increased early in elicitor-treated leaves and may be involved in the elicitation of proteinase inhibitor activity. In the presence of aminoethoxyvinylglycine, an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, both elicitor-induced ethylene and, to a lesser extent, elicitor-induced proteinase inhibitor activity were inhibited. In contrast, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid, the direct precursor of ethylene, triggers proteinase inhibitor activity. It is concluded that ethylene is involved in the elicitation of proteinase inhibitor activity, but its exact role remains to be defined.     

广东鹤山、东莞莲花山小蛾类（Ⅰ）

对广东省鹤山和东莞莲花山自然保护区的小蛾类昆虫进行调查，计有8科35属43种。其中广东新记录种14种。