Evaluation of the contribution of teosinte to the improvement of agronomic,grain quality and yield traits in maize (Zea mays)

Teosinte, an ancestor to modern maize, displays an excellent performance regarding resistance to stress, but its yield potential has rarely been reported. To evaluate the potential contribution of teosinte to maize improvement, two maize–teosinte backcrossed recombination inbred line (RIL) populations and their corresponding test-cross hybrids were planted for trait assessment. In RN and ZP RIL populations, the average coefficients of variation of 31 agronomic traits were 9.14% (Range, 0.38%‒25.21%) and 6.85% (Range, 0.55%‒27.73%), respectively. The correlation coefficients of 13 common shared traits between RIL populations and test-cross hybrid populations ranged from 0.10 to 0.60 and from 0.06 to 0.72, respectively. A total of 39 and 3 recombined inbred lines, and 29 and 47 test-cross hybrids exhibited higher yields than their checks (RP125, Zheng58, CD189 and ZD958) with the BLUP data, respectively. Furthermore, four test-cross hybrids including RN034/SCML1950, ZP068/Chang7-2, ZP079/Chang7-2 and ZP122/Chang7-2 showed a more stable yield performance, with yield gains of +7.07%, +3.64%, +5.83% and +3.82% over checks, respectively. In conclusion, teosinte could serve as an alien germplasm for maize breeding.     

辽宁省规模猪场生物安全状况调查

2018年8月,我国首例非洲猪瘟病例在辽宁省被发现。随后,全国各地区相继发生非洲猪瘟疫情。如何控制、净化非洲猪瘟,已成为国内整个产业亟需解决的问题。为掌握辽宁省规模猪场生物安全状况,分析生物安全在非洲猪瘟防控中的作用,开展了相关流行病学调查工作。对辽宁省部分发生过非洲猪瘟疫情的规模猪场进行流行病学调查发现,没有出猪台、饲料进场不消毒、人员与车辆进出管理不严、防疫管理混乱等,是疫情发生的主要风险因素。对辽宁省56个未发生过非洲猪瘟疫情的规模猪场进行流行病学调查发现,这些猪场的生物安全水平普遍低下,主要表现为:缺乏最基本有效的防护隔离硬件设施,以及相关的规章制度和操作规程;缺少验证消毒灭源等生物安全手段实施效果的经验和方法,没有专业技术人员对饲养场风险点进行评估和分析;饲养场从业人员的"知信行"水平普遍较低。综合分析认为,辽宁省生猪养殖业的生物安全水平与疫病防控需要有很大差距,而规模场生物安全水平低下、从业人员缺乏生物安全意识和知识,是当前疫病防控效果不理想的主要原因。今后需要通过政府扶持、业务部门指导和培训,对饲养场进行科学分析和评估,通过改进硬件、完善制度、加强宣传培训等措施,全面提高养猪场的生物安全水平。     

杨树长截干深栽分阶段作业法造林效果分析

杨树截干苗造林是北方干旱地区主要造林方法之一，采用“长截干分阶段作业”可真正做到“三埋两踩一提苗”该法将苗木截干部位从距地表１８ｃｍ提高到３５～３８ｃｍ挖径，深各６０～７０ｃｍ植苗坑，两次填土踩实分阶段作业，分别验收，该法一般造林成活率达到９８％，以上，２～３年树高和胸径分别增加４．２３％和１０．５７％。     

马尾松幼龄林干扰指数的研究

研究马尾松幼龄林干扰指数过程中，在继承前人邻体干扰指数数模型的基础上，提出了两个新的邻体干扰指数模型。马尾松幼龄林干扰指数研究结果表明，本指出的新邻体干扰指数模型更准确地反映了马松个体之间的干扰关系，并为马尾松的合理密植、合理间伐提供理论依据。     

利用漫反射光测量滑动链板的塌角

利用光学测量滑动链板塌角的方法，即通过测量滑动链板表面漫反射光的强度分布，获得链板塌角的信息。本装置用６３２８埃的Ｈｅ－Ｎｅ激光器和ＣＣＤ（电荷藕合摄像器件）作为光的发射接收系统来提取信号。从理论上推导出了它的漫反射光的强度分布，并对漫反射光的亮度、最大偏移作了详细的计算和讨论，并讨论了ＣＣＤ的位置约束关系，从而提出利用漫反射光束来测量链板塌角的变化规律。     

高原低温条件对燕麦产量形成的影响

在青藏高原低温条件下生长的燕麦具有以下特点:①有效分蘖多,干粒重大,籽实产量高。②植株高大,茎叶繁茂,产量高,叶片寿命长。其根本原因在于青藏高原低温延长了燕麦的生育期,为小穗分化和籽粒干物质积累创造了有利条件;低温又延缓了燕麦绿叶的的衰老过程和叶面积持续期,从而增强了植株光合生产能力,提高了燕麦籽粒和茎叶的产量。西宁地区燕麦产籽量为4300.05公斤/公顷,茎叶产量12174.35公斤/公项,分别比内蒙呼市高一倍和1.9倍。     

Conversion of SO2−4-S and Changes in Glucosinolate Content in Leaves of Rape Seedlings Transplanted

The conversion of SO^2-₄ -S and changes in content of S in various constituents in leaves of rape seedlings transplanted were investigated by using (NH₄)₂³⁵SO₄ as a tracer to exploit formation and accumulation of glucosinolates in oilseed rape. Seedlings grown under sandy culture absorbed ³⁵SO^2-₄ which was added to the cultural solution and incorporated into amino acids, glucosinolates and proteins rapidly. Distribution of extractable ³⁵S with 70 % methanol in glucosinolates in leaves declined with time from labelling, while those in amino acids rised correspondingly. Per cents of ³⁵S incorporated into bound form in total ³⁵S increased linearly and those of ³⁵S into glucosinolates and amino acids decreased with time within five days from labelling. After that the relative amounts of ^3SS in three constituents was basically constant. Content on dry weight basis of labelled glucosinolates and amino acids expressed as μmol S/g.d.w. increased linearly with time from labelling with absorption of ³⁵SO^2-₄from soil by the seedlings under soil culture. Compared with seedlings grown under sandy culture, more ³⁵S was incorporated into glucosinolates in leaves of seedlings grown under soil culture.     

黄瓜四个品种的核型研究

本文对广西三个黄瓜品种(梧州黄瓜、百色早黄瓜和张黄黄瓜)和一个北方黄瓜(津研4号)作了核型比较分析,它们的染色体数目均为2n=2x=14,但核型稍有差别,其中梧州黄瓜的核型分类为1B,百色早黄瓜的核型分类为1A,张黄黄瓜和津研4号的核型分类为2A。津研4号的第2号染色体上具次缢痕,这种次缢痕似乎可作为黄瓜品种分类的标志之一。对它们的进化和亲缘关系亦作了讨论。     

一种自适应的网络拓扑自动发现算法

针对现有网络拓扑发现算法的不足，提出并实现了一种自适应网络拓扑自动发现算法——RANTAD(Robust and Adaptive Network Topology Auto Discovery)。BANTAD算法以TCP／IP网络管理体系结构为依托，将现有的各协议和发现技术进行有机地整合，在发现过程的每个阶段，能根据网络的实际情况对所采用的协议和技术进行自适应调整。模拟实验表明RANTAD算法能快速有效地自动发现网络拓扑信息，并且具有很好的健壮性。