盐胁迫条件下甜高粱品种KF0680-1和KF0680-2的萌发及其α-淀粉酶表达研究(英文)

[目的]研究2个甜高粱品种KF0680-1和KF0680-2在盐胁迫条件下的萌发特性及其α-淀粉酶表达。[方法]以甜高粱品种KF0680-1和KF0680-2为研究对象,对盐胁迫条件下甜高粱的萌发相关指标和α-淀粉酶的表达进行测定,探讨盐胁迫对2个甜高粱品种的影响。[结果]低浓度的盐胁迫对甜高粱的萌发有一定的促进作用,高浓度的盐胁迫则抑制了甜高粱萌发;在高浓度盐胁迫下根和幼苗的长度均小于水处理组,但适当的盐胁迫促进了2个品种α-淀粉酶的表达。[结论]该研究表明盐胁迫对KF0680-1和KF0680-22个甜高粱品种的生长均有抑制作用,但在低盐浓度条件下,KF0680-2比KF0680-1具有更好的抗盐性。同时适当的盐胁迫提高了种子中α-淀粉酶的表达量。该结果为选育出适宜西北地区种植的抗盐碱甜高粱品种提供了参考依据。     

青海独一味在低海拔移栽地传粉及结实率的研究

目的:研究独一味在低海拔移栽地的结实率。方法:将独一味根茎芽从海拔4 300 m的野生地移栽到海拔为2 366m和3 100 m的多巴及大通实验基地,研究其在移栽地的花粉活力,花粉在柱头上的萌发及自然结实率。结果:独一味在移栽地花粉活力较低,柱头上没有花粉及花粉管的萌发,在栽培地的自然结实率为0。结论:独一味在移栽地传粉效率和结实率都较低。     

Chloride Transport in Splitting Cracked Concrete at Marine Tidal Zone

The chloride ion transport in concretes with different size of splitting cracks at marine tidal zone is investigated. The splitting crack widths of concrete are about 003 mm, 005 mm, 010 mm, 015 mm and 030 mm. The cracked concrete and sound concrete are placed at marine tidal zone for 30 d, and the chloride ion content in crack zone and perimeter zone of concrete, chloride ion penetration depth and steel bar corrosion area are quantitatively determined. It is shown that splitting crack will be recovered when the concrete is unloaded in split test. And the splitting crack width of concrete should be characterized by the value of displacement sensor when the concrete is unloaded in split test. The chloride ion content of cracked concrete decreases with increased depth, and then gets to remain steady from 10 mm to the inner. The relationship between chloride ion content and crack width in the steady zone can be regressed as the exponential function and the linear function for the crack zone and the perimeter zone of concrete, respectively. Due to away from the crack zone, the influence of splitting crack width on accelerated chloride ion ingression in the perimeter zone is less than that in the crack zone. When the splitting crack width is more than 005 mm, the chloride ion penetration depth in crack plane and in vertical crack plane of concrete is 50 mm and 20 mm, respectively. And the steel corrosion area enlarges with the increasing crack width. And the chloride diffusion coefficient of cracked concrete is closely related to the resistance capacity to chloride penetration of concrete, crack density (matrix width, crack width), and chloride binding capacity of concrete. When the crack density of concrete is less than 70, the chloride diffusion coefficient of cracked concrete increases with decreased crack density linearly. The chloride penetration will accelerate near the crack zone. And the raised splitting crack width will lead to its influence area in concrete increased quickly.     

Influence of Backfill Air Gap on Soil Temperature Recovery in Ground coupled Heat Pumps

Air gap may easily emerge in the progress of backfill in ground heat exchange due to field operation problems. The single U tube three dimensional numerical heat transfer model is set up and there are 3 kinds of backfill air gap assumptions for computational analysis, which are the most common situations in practical projects. Different air gap situations will have considerable effects on soil heat transfer, especially the factor of soil temperature recovery performance, which is investigated in this research, and there is practical project operating data for the comparison confirmation with the theoretical calculation results in inlet and outlet water temperatures. It can be concluded that the backfill air gap will increase the soil average excess temperature in the period of recovery inside the place where the air gap is, and degrade the heat transfer performance of the ground heat exchange.     

干旱胁迫下不同施氮水平对烤烟幼苗光合系统PSⅡ功能的影响

以烤烟品种‘龙江911’为材料,利用快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学曲线分析技术(OJIP),探讨干旱胁迫下不同施氮水平(土壤中施纯氮量为0、0.36和0.72 g.kg-1)对移栽后‘龙江911’幼苗叶片光合系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)功能的影响。结果表明:在不同程度干旱胁迫下,烤烟幼苗叶片PSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、潜在活性(Fv/F0)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)等均下降,用于光化学反应的能量比例也有所降低,导致烤烟幼苗受到光抑制,PSⅡ反应中心也受到伤害。而施用适量的氮肥(土壤中纯氮施用量为0.36 g.kg-1)可通过减少PSⅡ反应中心与光能吸收和电子传递相关蛋白的降解,增强剩余活性反应中心的开放程度,并保证电子传递链的相对稳定。此外,施用适量的氮肥,还增加了幼苗捕获的光能比例(φPo)、吸收到的光能用于QA-以后的电子传递的能量(φEo),以及用于电子传递的能量(ETo/RC)等,可通过及时提高热耗散减轻干旱胁迫带来的伤害,有效地提高‘龙江911’幼苗的抗旱能力。     

茶叶中农药溶解出情况研究

利用液相色谱质谱联用仪,建立茶叶浸渍在水中农药残留溶出含量的检测方法。在试验过程中,优化试验条件,建立前处理方法,并且评价方法的回收率、相对标准偏差,建立适合评价模型的检测方法。通过绘制溶出曲线,确定随着时间的延长,溶出量逐渐下降,也就是说在泡茶过程中洗茶是非常重要且必不可少的步骤,有助于减少人们受到农药残留的危害。     

浅谈我国营养师的现状与发展前景

我国未来的营养师需求量巨大,发达国家平均300人拥有一名营养师,按照这个比例,我国13亿人口,至少需要近400万名营养师。着重介绍营养师的概念、职业内涵、国内外营养师的概况以及我国营养师的发展趋势和前景。     

部分和完全糊化淀粉在贮藏过程中结晶性的比较

以籼米和糯米淀粉为原料,经部分和完全糊化后,在25℃下贮藏3 d,及在4℃和-18℃下贮藏14 d过程中,测定其结晶度的变化。结果表明,与0 d的样品相比,在4℃下,部分和完全糊化籼米淀粉结晶度分别增加了13.60%和12.53%,而部分和完全糊化糯米淀粉结晶度分别增加了8.45%和6.60%;在-18℃下,部分和完全糊化籼米淀粉结晶度分别增加了11.75%和9.77%,而部分和完全糊化糯米淀粉结晶度分别增加了4.61%和2.75%;在25℃下,部分和完全糊化籼米淀粉结晶度分别增加了7.97%和6.08%,而部分和完全糊化糯米淀粉结晶度仅分别增加了2.68%和1.05%。综合结果表明,部分糊化的淀粉表现出较快的结晶速率;在4℃下贮藏,部分和完全糊化淀粉的结晶速率较快,-18℃次之,25℃最慢。     

镉胁迫对油菜根系生理特性的影响

采用水培体系,对幼苗期油菜根系进行不同浓度(1,5,10,25,50 mg/L)的Cd2+胁迫,胁迫1,3,6,9 d后测定其若干相关生理特性指标,研究镉对油菜根系生理特性的影响。研究结果表明:Cd2+胁迫下油菜根系的电解质相对外渗率、MDA和游离脯氨酸的含量都随着Cd2+处理浓度的增加而增大,并且各处理浓度与对照差异性显著(P<0.05);可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖含量随着Cd2+处理浓度的增加先升高后降低,低浓度(小于5 mg/L)有明显的促进作用;且各指标随着处理时间的延长逐渐上升。SOD酶活性在胁迫3 d后,随处浓度和处理时间的延长先升高后降低,APX、CAT和POD酶活性随着Cd2+胁迫浓度的升高,先升高后降低,但各种抗氧化酶对浓度的敏感性不同,SOD>APX>CAT>POD。综上述,镉胁迫对油菜根系生长有一定的伤害,使得根系细胞膜透性增加,膜脂过氧化加重,根系利用自身渗透调节物质和抗氧化酶活性升高来调节并适应环境,但是高浓度的镉环境使得根系细胞中积累较多的活性氧等自由基而严重伤害细胞,可溶性蛋白含量以及抗氧化酶活性下降,影响根系生长。     

江西铜钹山自然保护区种子植物区系初步研究

对江西铜钹山自然保护区种子植物的组成、分布区类型和区系特征进行统计分析,结果表明:分布区的种子植物共计156科610属1 328种,其中裸子植物5科10属13种,被子植物151科600属1 315种。含20种以上的科共16科,单、寡种属共554属,其区系地理成分复杂,在植物区系组成中具有重要作用。在科的分布区类型中,泛热带分布科居多,共68科;其次是世界分布科,共29科。在属和种的分布区类型中,都是泛热带分布最多,北温带分布次之,说明该区的植物区系有明显的过渡性质。