漂白胶贮存性质的研究(一报)——漂白胶脱氯反应的研究

本文通过测定脱氯程度不同的漂白胶样品的结合氯含量、热寿命、软化点和颜色,研究了漂白胶脱氯反应的性质,结合氯含量与热寿命的关系以及软化点和颜色的变化规律。发现漂白胶的脱氯反应是一级反应,分为两段,前一段的反应常数为后一段的四倍,说明一部分氯容易脱除,而另一部分则比较难,后者留在漂白胶中对贮存性影响不大。此研究结果为解决漂白胶贮存性差这一难题提供了理论依据和基本途径。通过测定一批样品在多年存放期间热寿命的变化,证实了本研究结论的正确性。     

Dietary dihydroartemisinin supplementation alleviates intestinal inflammatory injury through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation

The aim of present study was to evaluate whether diets supplemented with dihydroartemisinin (DHA) could alleviate intestinal inflammatory injury in weaned piglets with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). Twelve normal birth weight (NBW) piglets and 12 piglets with IUGR were fed a basal diet (NBW-CON and IUCR-CON groups), and another 12 piglets with IUGR were fed the basal diet supplemented with DHA at 80 mg/kg (IUGR-DHA group) from 21 to 49 d of age. At 49 d of age, 8 piglets with similar body weight in each group were sacrificed. The jejunal and ileal samples were collected for further analysis. The results showed that IUGR impaired intestinal morphology, increased intestinal inflammatory response, raised enterocyte apoptosis and reduced enterocyte proliferation and activated transmembrane toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain (NOD)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Dihydroartemisinin inclusion ameliorated intestinal morphology, indicated by increased villus height, villus height-to-crypt depth ratio, villus surface area and decreased villus width of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Compared with NBW piglets, IUGR piglets supplemented with DHA exhibited higher apoptosis index and caspase-3 expression, and lower proliferation index and proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in the intestine (P < 0.05). Dihydroartemisinin supplementation attenuated the intestinal inflammation of piglets with IUGR, indicated by increased concentrations of intestinal inflammatory cytokines and lipopolysaccharides (P < 0.05). In addition, DHA supplementation down-regulated the related mRNA expressions of TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway and upregulated mRNA expressions of negative regulators of TLR4 and NOD signaling pathway in the intestine of piglets with IUGR (P < 0.05). Piglets in the IUGR-DHA group showed lower protein expressions of TLR4, phosphorylated NF-κB (pNF-κB) inhibitor α, nuclear pNF-κB, and higher protein expression of cytoplasmic pNF-κB in the intestine than those in the IUGR-CON group (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DHA supplementation could improve intestinal morphology, regulate enterocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and alleviate intestinal inflammation through TLR4/NOD/NF-κB signaling pathway in weaned piglets with IUGR.     

硼酸共沉淀法合成含硼氧化铁的结构状况解析

在水合法制备针铁矿过程中添加HBO3,对合成的样品作红外光谱和比表面积分析.结果表明,共沉淀法合成的样品在1343 cm处有特征吸收峰,说明在针铁矿形成过程中,如果有H3BO3参与,则形成的氧化铁中存在Fe-O-B键结构,可能在氧化铁内部有一种新硼铁化合物生成.比表面积测定表明,含B氧化铁比表面积增加4倍以上,反映了氧化铁与H3BO3并非机械混合物,其表面性质因为Fe与B反应而发生改变,B阻止氧化铁向高聚合态转变.     

全产业链视角下柳州螺蛳粉农业产业化联合体发展探析

为进一步建强、壮大柳州螺蛳粉全产业链,针对原材料生产供应短板的问题,探索由重点龙头企业牵头组建柳州螺蛳粉农业产业化联合体,带动其它涉农企业、村集体经济合作社、农民专业合作社等经营的全产业链组织经营模式.根据柳州螺蛳粉全产业链最终产品流向,研究建立了柳州螺蛳粉商超驱动和实体店驱动的农业产业化联合体两种经典模式.实践表明,这两种柳州螺蛳粉农业产业化联合体模式有效促进了柳州螺蛳粉原材料生产的小农户与柳州螺蛳粉现代农业产业的有机衔接,促进了柳州螺蛳粉产业发展,实现了农民增收,是助力乡村振兴的有效途径.但是柳州螺蛳粉农业产业化联合体发展中也存在着服务体系有待完善、认定规范缺失、经营管理人才缺乏等问题,须采取推进农业社会化服务体系发展和农业产业化联合体认定规范出台,加大引进培育农业产业化经营管理人才力度等措施,以保障农业产业化联合体健康发展,助力乡村振兴.     

Adiponectin‐impaired adipocyte differentiation negatively regulates fat deposition in chicken

Adiponectin is a protein hormone secreted exclusively by adipocytes that plays an important role in the modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. To investigate the effect of adiponectin on lipid metabolism in chicken, rosiglitazone (agonist of adiponectin) and dexamethasone (inhibitor of adiponectin) were used to treat 23‐day‐old broilers in vivo. To verify the functionality of adiponectin on fat deposition, chicken pre‐adipocytes were cultured in the medium containing 10 μg/ml adiponectin. Serum adiponectin and lipids and fat distribution were analysed. Oil Red O staining was used to determine lipid deposition in adipocytes. The expression levels of adiponectin, adiponectin receptors (AdipoR) and lipid metabolism–related genes in different tissues and pre‐adipocytes were measured using real‐time PCR, and the abundance of lipid metabolism–related proteins was measured by Western blot. Rosiglitazone increased serum adiponectin concentration and the expression levels of adiponectin and adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) in tissues and significantly decreased levels of serum lipids and fat deposition. Rosiglitazone significantly increased the expression levels of adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and AdipoR1 and decreased the expression levels of fatty acid synthase (FAS). Dexamethasone had the converse effects compared with rosiglitazone. Oil red O staining results showed a marked decrease in fat deposition in cells treated with adiponectin. In adipocytes, adiponectin could decrease the expression levels of CCAAT/enhancer‐binding protein α (C/EBPα) and FAS and increased the expression levels of ATGL and AdipoR1. These results indicate that adiponectin has a remarkable effect on impairment of adipocyte differentiation, which contributes to the negative regulation of fat deposition in chicken.     

华亭县肉牛养殖业发展现状及对策建议

华亭县自古以来就是黄牛的主产区之一,又是秦川牛、早胜牛的边缘产区,养牛已成了当地农户发展致富的主导产业。本文在调查研究的基础上,对华亭县肉牛养殖业发展中存在的问题进行了综合分析,基础母牛保护力度不大、资金短缺、技术匮乏、基础设施落后,产业加工链短是制约华亭县肉牛养殖业发展壮大的主要瓶颈,针对以上问题,提出了一些可行的对策建议,以促进该县进一步加快肉牛改良、扩繁和规模化发展,降低养殖户养殖成本,提高经济效益。     

海洋贝类体液防御机制的研究进展

近几年，随着人们将海洋贝类作为食物的兴趣日益浓厚，科学家们对贝类及其防御机制的研究也越来越深入，对它们在生态、社会、经济、营养等方面的作用以及它们的致病微生物的特性进行了大量研究。双壳贝类由于其滤食习性，使它们体内蓄积了大量细菌，成为人类致病菌的积极携带者。因此，研究贝类与微生物之间的相互作用对维护人类健康有重要意义。     

Protective efficacy of a live attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine with an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant in pigs

An attenuated Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae vaccine that requires intrathoracic administration is commercially available for use against mycoplasmal pneumonia in China. Given the limitations of such a route of administration, this study was undertaken to assess the capacity of an ISCOM-matrix adjuvant to enhance immunogenicity following intramuscular use. Immune responses in pigs following vaccination and subsequent intra-tracheal bacterial inoculation were examined using lymphocyte proliferation, serology and mucosal IgA in both nasal and saliva swabs.Vaccination induced clear lymphocyte proliferation, but only slight serum antibody responses although these were significantly increased following experimental infection. Mucosal IgA was not detected in either nasal or salivary secretions. Following bacterial challenge, animals vaccinated with the adjuvant-containing live vaccine exhibited less severe pulmonary lesions (median score 3.67) than unvaccinated pigs (median score 13.58). The degree of ciliary loss on the respiratory tract surface was reduced in vaccinated pigs compared with experimentally infected controls. The findings indicated that the adjuvant vaccine administered IM provided protection against experimentally induced mycoplasmal pneumonia and could have commercial potential.     

5种细胞质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢保护酶的响应

为了解异质雄性不育小麦败育过程中活性氧代谢中几种保护酶的变化特点,以5种小麦雄性不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A、K116A及其相应保持系116B为材料,分析了小麦雄性不育系在花药不同发育时期的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性与保持系的差异。结果表明,不育花药的POD活性自单核早期后均比同一发育时期的可育花药高;自单核晚期开始,不育系CAT活性总体上呈下降趋势,而可育系则呈升高趋势;受试材料花药中SOD活性总体呈上升趋势,且不育系高于保持系。经差异分析,不育系U116A、Ju116A、Va116A、C6116A的败育关键期是单核晚期,而K116A的败育关键期则是单核晚期至二核期。以上结果说明,5种异质小麦雄性败育时期有所不同,并且雄性育性与POD、CAT和SOD活性密切相关。