利用液质联用技术分析人参叶中化学成分

以人参叶为试材,以50%乙醇溶液作为提取液,以60、180℃为提取温度提取人参叶中皂苷。选用反相C18色谱柱,流速0.5mL·min-1;柱温30℃。以二极管阵列检测器和质谱检测化学成分。结果表明:人参叶提取物中主要化学成分为人参皂苷,不同温度提取人参叶的提取物中人参皂苷的种类和含量有较大的差别。60℃提取人参叶的提取物中人参皂苷Re、Rg1、Ra1、Rf、Rc、Rb1、Rb2、Rg2和Rd含量较高,并且可以提取到20R-Rg3和20S-Rg3。180℃提取人参叶的提取物中人参皂苷Rg6、F4、Rk3、Rh4、20R-Rg3、20S-Rg3、20R-Rs3、20S-Rs3、Rk1、Rg5、Rs5和Rs4含量明显升高。高温高压可以将人参叶中常见皂苷降解成人参皂苷20R-Rg3、20S-Rg3以及人参皂苷Rk1、Rg5、Rg6、F4、Rs5和Rs4不饱和皂苷,该试验为研究与分析人参叶中的化学成分提供了系统准确的方法。     

簇生朝天椒雄性不育系及保持系的花器官及生理特性研究

以簇生椒不育系‘001A’和同型保持系‘002B’为材料,观察花器官的形态差异,研究不同器官和不同花蕾发育时期不育系与保持系的能量物质含量和保护酶活性的差异,以探索CMS型簇生椒物质代谢与雄性不育之间的关系,从理化方面研究簇生朝天椒不育系‘001A’的败育机理。结果表明:不育系‘001A’花药干瘪、无花粉、花器比正常花器小、柱头露出花药,而保持系‘002B’花药饱满,柱头不外露。不同植株器官和不同开花时期均存在保持系‘002B’中的游离脯氨酸、可溶性糖、蛋白质含量高于不育系‘001A’;各个开花时期不育系‘001A’的丙二醛含量高于保持系‘002B’,植株茎和叶的丙二醛含量表现则相反。辣椒不同植株器官均存在保持系‘002B’中的CAT活性高于不育系‘001A’,SOD活性表现则相反;在各个开花时期不育系‘001A’的POD、SOD活性均显著高于保持系‘002B’,而不育系‘001A’的CAT活性显著低于保持系‘002B’。因此,不育系花药中营养物质的缺乏和保护酶间的异常,是导致簇生朝天椒CMS花粉败育的关键。     

观赏海棠新品种“琥珀”的选育

"琥珀"是由沈阳农业大学选育的海棠品种,母本为平邑甜茶(Malus hupehensis Rehd.),父本不详。树姿直立,生长势强。一年生枝黄绿色。成熟叶片浓绿色,叶柄基部有2片托叶。花蕾白色,具粉红色晕;花白色,花瓣近圆形、重叠,部分花为6片花瓣,平均花冠大小3.3cm,花期10~12d。连续结果能力强,果实近圆形,底色淡黄色,盖色橙红色,果面光滑,有蜡质,成熟后落果轻,观赏性高。适宜于辽宁省庭院、小区、街道、广场绿化。     

EDACO,a derivative of myricetin,inhibits the differentiation of Gaoyou duck embryonic osteoclasts in vitro

1. This study determined the effects of (E)-3-(2-(4-(3-(2,4-dimethoxyphenyl)acryloyl)phenoxy)ethoxy)-5,7-dimethoxy-2-(3,4,5-trimethoxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one (EDACO) on the differentiation of Gaoyou duck embryonic osteoclasts cultured in vitro.

2. Bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) were collected from 23-d-old Gaoyou duck embryos and induced by macrophage colony-stimulating factor and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand in the presence of EDACO at different concentrations (i.e. 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 µM). Tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining and resorption ability determination were conducted.

3. Results suggested that EDACO suppressed the shaping of positive multinucleated cells and the number of TRAP-positive cells in the 20, 40, 80 and 160 μM EDACO groups was significantly decreased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). Besides, the absorption activity of differentiated duck embryonic osteoclasts was significantly inhibited (P < 0.05) in both 80 and 160 μM EDACO groups.

4. Overall, EDACO can inhibit the differentiation of BM-MNC into mature osteoclasts in duck embryos.1     

补喂不同水平雌马酚对母绵羊生长性能、血浆中雌马酚含量与生殖激素水平以及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究补喂不同水平雌马酚对绵羊生长性能、血浆中雌马酚含量与生殖激素水平以及抗氧化能力的影响。试验选取年龄为2岁、平均体重为(36.73±2.42)kg的健康、体况相近的哈萨克母羊20只,随机分为4组,分别为对照组、试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组,每组5只羊。各组试验羊在相同的饲养条件下饲养,在此基础上,试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组、试验Ⅲ组每日每只分别补喂10、25、50 mg雌马酚,进行为期14 d的饲养试验。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,每日每只母绵羊补喂50 mg雌马酚可以显著或极显著提高平均日增重、平均日采食量(P<0.05或P<0.01),显著降低料重比(P<0.05)。2)补喂雌马酚后血浆中雌马酚含量呈先上升后下降趋势,在2.0~3.0 h时达到峰值。3)试验Ⅰ组血浆中睾酮(T)水平显著或极显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05或P<0.01),试验Ⅱ组也显著高于对照组(P<0.05),但与试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅲ组无显著差异(P>0.05);试验Ⅰ组和试验Ⅱ组血浆中双氢睾酮(DHT)水平显著高于对照组和试验Ⅲ组(P<0.05)。4)血浆总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)与过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性均以试验Ⅱ组最高,丙二醛(MDA)含量以试验Ⅱ组最低,与对照组的差异均达到显著或极显著水平(P<0.05或P<0.01)。由此得出,在本试验条件下,每日给每只母绵羊补喂50 mg雌马酚可以显著提高绵羊的生长性能;补喂雌马酚后2.0~3.0 h,母绵羊血浆中雌马酚含量达到峰值,并且随着补喂剂量的提高,血浆中高含量雌马酚的跨峰时间(即维持血浆高含量雌马酚的持续时间)也延长。每日给每只母绵羊补喂10和25 mg雌马酚可显著提高血浆中T和DHT水平。每日给每只母绵羊补喂25 mg雌马酚可显著提高机体抗氧化能力,效果优于补喂10、50 mg时。     

春花生秧与夏花生秧的营养价值评价及瘤胃降解率比较

本试验旨在研究春花生秧与夏花生秧的常规营养成分,并应用康奈尔净碳水化合物-蛋白质体系(CNCPS)评价其营养价值及其在奶牛瘤胃中降解特性的差异。采集河南地区春花生秧样品16个,夏花生秧样品28个,测定其干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、粗脂肪(EE)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)、粗灰分(Ash)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、淀粉、中性洗涤不溶氮(NDFIP)、酸性洗涤不溶氮(ADFIP)、非蛋白氮(NPN)、可溶性蛋白(SCP)含量及总能(GE)。选取3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的中国荷斯坦干奶牛,饲喂同一种全混合日粮(TMR),采取尼龙袋法测定花生秧的DM、CP、NDF和ADF在奶牛瘤胃中的72 h降解率,并计算其降解参数及有效降解率,应用CNCPS计算其碳水化合物和蛋白质组分,评定花生秧的营养价值。结果表明:1)春花生秧的CP、Ash、Ca、SCP含量极显著高于夏花生秧(P <0.01),NDF、ADF、ADL含量和GE极显著低于夏花生秧(P <0.01),P含量显著低于夏花生秧(P <0.05)。2)春花生秧的DM、CP、NDF、ADF有效有降解率显著高于夏花生秧(P <0.05)。3)春花生秧的快速降解真蛋白质(PB1)、中速降解真蛋白质(PB2)、快速降解碳水化合物(CA)、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)含量极显著高于夏花生秧(P<0.01),NPN(PA)、碳水化合物、中速降解碳水化合物(CB2)含量显著低于夏花生秧(P<0.05),不可降解真蛋白质(PC)、不可降解碳水化合物(CC)含量极显著低于夏花生秧(P<0.01)。由此可见,春花生秧的营养价值优于夏花生秧,且瘤胃降解率均高于夏花生秧,其在瘤胃中的利用率较好,饲用价值更高。     

应用中子测定玉米籽粒含水量试验初报

设计了一个测量静态和动态玉米籽粒含水量的试验台,它是烘干机械玉米水分自动监测的核心部分,含水量是由试验台上中子计数器的中子计数显示出来,这将使粮食烘干实现自动化控制．结果表明．随玉米含水量（１４％～３０％）增加．中子计数呈现‘增加－降低－增加”规律,约在含水量２６％后中子计数急剧增加,计数增加８％～１１％／含水量增加１％;相同含水量下,静态和动态玉米的中子计数差异较大,静态计数高于动态计数最多达１２．９％,但不同流量玉米的中子计数差异不大（包括流动后的静态）,计数相差最多不超过２．１％;不同品种玉米的中子计数在低水分段（２６％）差异较大,白单９比四单１６平均高１１％,而高水分段差异不大;粮桶直径４０ｃｍ可满足中子测水要求;一定含水量玉米的中子计数与玉米是否结冻关系不大．     

Protective effect of ecdysterone on H9c2 cells against oxidative stress

AIM: To investigate the effect of ecdysterone (EDS) on H9c2 cardiomyocytes after oxidative stress. METHODS: H9c2 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control group, high dose (2 μmol/L) of EDS group, middle dose (1.5 μmol/L) of EDS group, low dose (1 μmol/L) of EDS group, and H₂O₂ group. H9c2 cardiomyocytes in H₂O₂ group and high, middle and low doses of EDS groups were exposed to H₂O₂ for 6 h to establish the model of oxidative stress. The viability of the H9c2 cells was detected by CCK-8 assay. The apoptosis of H9c2 cells was analyzed by flow cytometry. The levels of lactate dehydogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase-MB (CK-MB) in the culture medium, and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the H9c2 cells were measured by colorimetry. The generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the mitochondrial membrane potential were evaluated by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy. The protein levels of Bax, Bcl-2 and cleaved caspase-3 in the H9c2 cells were determined by Western blot. RESULTS: Ecdysterone at the selected concentrations had no effect on the viability of H9c2 cells. Compared with control group, the levels of LDH, CK-MB, ROS and MDA, and the apoptotic rates of the H9c2 cells were significantly increased after treated with H₂O₂, but were decreased by EDS treatment in a dose-dependent manner. The levels of SOD and mitochondrial membrane potential of the H9c2 cells in H₂O₂ group were reduced significantly compared with control group, but high, middle and low doses of EDS treatments up-regulated the levels of SOD and mitochondrial membrane potential in H₂O₂-treated H9c2 cells. The protein levels of Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the H9c2 cells in H₂O₂ group showed significant elevation in comparison with control group, and the protein expression of Bcl-2 declined in H₂O₂ group compared with control group, but high, middle and low doses of ecdysterone treatments down-regulated the protein levels of Bax, cleaved caspase-3 and up-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 in H₂O₂-treated H9c2 cells. CONCLUSION: Ecdysterone attenuates the effect of H₂O₂-induced oxidative stress on H9c2 cardiomyocytes. The mechanism may be involved in scavenging oxidative stress products, increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and improving mitochondrial function.