农业科研机构知识库建设需求与策略研究

机构知识库作为开放获取的途径之一,在国内外正迅速建设发展。文章基于某农业科研机构科研和管理人员对机构知识库的总体认知、建设需求与参与意愿调研,从资源建设、技术保障、服务拓展和共建共享等方面提出适合农业科研机构的机构知识库建设策略与建议,以期为农业科研机构知识库的规划建设和推广使用提供参考依据。     

民国时期山西农业科技述论

通过查阅、检索大量的原始文献资料,梳理了民国时期山西农业科技发展的历史脉络。阐述了山西主要农事机构及学校的创办情况,从选育优良品种、推广农业技术、开展科学试验3个方面介绍了农事机构及学校的科技活动。对民国时期山西农业科技活动的成效和局限性做了简单的归纳,认为北洋政府以及山西地方政府的农业改良措施,对于传播农业科技知识、恢复农业生产起到一定作用。从理念上看,引进品种的同时注重科学试验以提升自身的研究能力,将棉业作为当时的特色优势产业大力发展,与当下加强基础研究、提升创新实力,发展特色优势产业、加快脱贫致富步伐有相似之处。     

基于RS与GIS的山东某煤矿区历史遗留损毁土地调查

我国地域辽阔，但可利用土地资源少，同时由于生产建设和自然灾害等，造成许多优质土地资源损毁。调查清楚土地损毁情况，采取针对性的土地复垦措施，在目前经济发展中显得尤为迫切。以山东某矿区为例，确定了历史遗留损毁土地的划定依据，利用RS与GIS等技术手段对矿区进行地表沉陷预计，用遥感影像提取土地利用变化情况，得到了历史遗留损毁土地的位置、面积和损毁类型等信息，为后期土地复垦与规划提供参考。      

Characterizing long-term forest disturbance history and its drivers in the Ning-Zhen Mountains,Jiangsu Province of eastern China using yearly Landsat observations (1987–2011)

Forest losses or gains have long been recognized as critical processes modulating the carbon flux between the biosphere and the atmosphere. Timely, accurate and spatially explicit information on forest disturbance and recovery history is required for assessing the effectiveness of existing forest management. The major objectives of our research focused on testing the mapping efficacy of the vegetation change tracker (VCT) model over a forested area in China. We used a new version of VCT algorithm built upon the Landsat time series stacks (LTSS). The LTSS consisted of yearly image acquisitions to map forest disturbance history from 1987 to 2011 over the Ning-Zhen Mountains, Jiangsu Province of east China. The LTSS consisted of TM and ETM+ scenes with different projections due to distinct data sources (Beijing remote sensing ground station and the USGS EROS Center). The validation results of the disturbance year maps showed that most spatial agreement measures ranged from 70 to 86 %, comparable with the VCT accuracies reported for many places in USA. Very low accuracies were identified in 1995 (38.3 %) and 1992 (56.2 %) in the current analysis. These resulted from the insensitivity of the VCT algorithm to detect low intensity disturbances and also from the mis-registration errors of the image pairs. Major forest disturbance types existing in our study area were identified as agricultural expansion (39.8 %), urbanization (24.9 %), forest management practice (19.3 %), and mining (12.8 %). In general, there was a gradual decreasing trend in forest cover throughout this region, caused principally by China’s economic, demographic, environmental and political policies and decisions, as well as some weather events. While VCT has largely been used to assess long term changes and trends in the USA, it has great potential for assessing landscape level change elsewhere throughout the world.     

辉夜姬——日本竹文化的象征

《竹取物语》是日本物语文学之＂鼻祖＂,有着浓厚的日本竹文化背景。通过小说中竹文化背景、竹子发光、竹灵信仰、竹工艺文化、三月长大、辉夜姬的光辉、命名竹文化、管弦竹文化、八月十五升月日等方面,揭示日本竹文化内涵,论证了此竹之传奇的主人公辉夜姬业已成为日本竹文化的象征。     

Gene cloning of ZmMYB59 transcription factor in maize and its expression during seed germination in response to deep‐sowing and exogenous hormones

Discovering the key genes responsible for deep‐sowing germination is very meaningful to cultivate maize varieties with strong germination ability in soil. In this study, ZmMYB59 gene whose functions remain unknown was successfully cloned. Subcellular localization showed that ZmMYB59 was localized in the nucleus. By analysing cis‐acting elements of its promoter sequence, many elements of MYB binding domain responsive to hormones (particularly gibberellin, GA) were found. On this basis, ZmMYB59 expression in different sowing depths, germination stages, tissues and treatments was analysed by real‐time PCR. ZmMYB59 expression levels in embryos or seedlings were significantly decreased with the increase in sowing depth at 2 days or 4 days after sowing (DAS). Further analysis showed that its expression in mesocotyls was also significantly downregulated with the increase in sowing depth at both 6 DAS and 8 DAS. Similarly, seed soaking with 10^‐5 M GA₃ inhibited ZmMYB59 expression in mesocotyls at 3 DAS. These results suggest that ZmMYB59 may play a negative regulatory role in seed germination in deep soil and the regulation is involved in GA signalling pathway.     

含羟基的2-取代萘醌类衍生物对肝癌细胞Hep3B的抑制作用

萘醌类化合物普遍被报道具备较好的抗肿瘤能力。以1,5-二羟基萘为原料,经五步反应得到了4个末端含有羟基的萘醌类衍生物(6a-d)和1个未含羟基的萘醌类衍生物(6e),并通过质谱和1H NMR进行结构鉴定,采用MTT法评价了5种化合物对人肝癌细胞Hep3B细胞系的生长抑制作用。结果显示取代基末端含羟基的萘醌类衍生物的抗肿瘤活性与碳链长度有密切关系。研究中的6 d对肿癌细胞Hep3B抑制活性最强,IC50为9.1μmol·m L~(-1)。     

海南景观水体水生植物调查及试验

对海南多个景观水体的水生植物进行调查研究,并采用浮床栽培技术对多种植物进行水培试验,结果植株在污染水体培养的植物长势和景观效果优于自来水体,富贵竹、闭鞘姜、黄花蔺等植物在浮床栽培技术中具有较高的观赏价值,可运用于热带地区水体景观中。     

射频识别技术在畜禽养殖中的应用与展望

随着畜禽规模养殖的发展,高度集约化养殖模式将影响畜禽的健康状况、疫病防控和福利水平。一种无接触、无应激的射频识别（Radio Frequency Identifi cation,RFID）技术应运而生,该技术可以在无损状态下采集畜禽的行为、生理生化和养殖环境指标,从而为评估集约化养殖的效果和影响提供基础数据。文章讨论了三种常见类型的RFID系统在畜禽养殖中的应用,系统地比较了各类系统的优缺点及适宜应用场景,进一步提出RFID在畜禽养殖中的未来应用方向,以期为深化畜禽信息采集的研究提供参考。     

灰铸铁生产技术的一些新进展

对灰铸铁的研究现状和生产中的一些新技术做了评述。重点介绍了高强度薄壁灰铸铁的生产现状以及先进的制造工艺和先进的制造手段在灰铸铁生产中应用所取得的技术成果。