植物根际放线菌分离方法初探及根皮苷降解活性分析

【目的】研究不同培养基及不同土样处理方法对植物根际放线菌分离效果的影响,并从中挖掘具有开发潜力的高活性根皮苷降解放线菌株,为苹果连作障碍机制研究及微生物修复提供理论和实践指导。【方法】从吉林、河北、山东、陕西、甘肃、河南、湖北、四川、重庆、上海、江西、安徽、浙江等13个省（市）采集植物根际土样40份,自然风干处理后分别经10 mmol/L的MOPS溶液及CaCO3预处理,用涂布平板法在7种不同的培养基中进行放线菌的分离培养。将分离获得的菌株点种于根皮苷筛选培养基进行活性检测。【结果】在7种培养基B、MSC、MG、MT、Chi、HSG、HV中分别分离获得100、78、108、64、79、113和88株放线菌。土样用MOPS溶液处理后所分离得到的放线菌总数明显高于用CaCO3预处理所得。分离所得630株菌株中有29株对根皮苷有降解活性。对其中41株高活性菌株及形态特殊菌株进行16S rRNA基因测序分析,发现分属于14个不同的放线菌属。【结论】7种分离培养基中HSG培养基的分离效果最好,MG培养基次之,MT培养基最差。土样处理中用MOPS溶液处理的方法优于用CaCO3预处理。根际放线菌株中有一定数量具有降解根皮苷能力的菌株。根际放线菌资源具有丰富的生物多样性。     

Prevalence and pathogenicity of Cryptosporidium andersoni in one herd of beef cattle

Over a 35-week period from January to July 2002, a breed of Hereford beef cattle (H) and their hybrids were monitored. Five hundred and ninety-nine individual fecal samples from calves and 96 samples from their mothers were examined. First excretion of Cryptosporidium andersoni oocysts in calves was found in the 9th week after the start of calving (a calf 63-day old). The prevalence of C. andersoni in calves ranged from 11.1 to 92.9% depending on age. The mean prevalence in their mothers was found to be 43.8%. The size of oocysts was 8.48 +/- 0.78 x 6.41 +/- 0.59 microm. Infection intensity in calves ranged from 32 000 to 4 375 000 oocysts per gram (OPG) and in mothers from 78 000 to 2 552 000 OPG. Three cases of abomasal cryptosporidiosis slaughtered at the age of 81, 157 and 236 days were examined histologically and ultrastructurally [transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)]. Cryptosporidium infection of the abomasum was located in the upper half of the mucosal glands in the plicae spirales of the fundus, corpus and near the ostium omasoabomasicum. Cryptosporidia were not located in the glandular epithelium of the pars pylorica in the abomasum minimally 10 cm from pylorus. Histopathological changes in the site of cryptosporidial infection in the abomasum had a non-inflammatory character and included distinctive dilatation of infected parts of the glands with atrophy and metaplasia of the glandular epithelial cells, goblet cell activation and mucus hyperproduction. The TEM revealed a relatively small number of Cryptosporidium life cycle stages attached to glandular epithelial cells. In SEM the inner mucosal abomasal surface appeared swollen but was never infected by cryptosporidia.     

使用阿美汀治疗加拿大牛的疥螨

1982年在艾伯塔和英国、哥伦比亚,使用每45.4公斤体重10毫克的阿美汀,一次治疗牛13,000头,结果治疗疥螨及其它外寄生虫100％有效。所有的牛一般状况都有很大改善,皮肤上有新毛生长。治疗后31天体重明显增加。一年后对治疗群监测,一次使用阿美汀非消化道给药治疗,避免了来自邻近群的螨病感染。     

冬小麦根区土壤水肥空间耦合对根系生长及活力的影响

以冬小麦小偃22号为管栽试验材料,通过采用3种湿润方式(整体湿润、上层湿润、下层湿润)及3种施肥方式(整体施肥、上层施肥、下层施肥),研究了冬小麦根区土壤不同水肥空间耦合方式对不同生育阶段根系鲜重、干重及活力的影响.结果表明:(1) 不同湿润方式下:与上层湿润和下层湿润方式相比,整体湿润方式扬花灌浆期的根鲜重分别增加了5.63%和18.09%.整体湿润方式与上层湿润方式下根系活力差异性不明显,但二者均高于下层湿润处理;(2) 不同施肥方式下:在分蘖期和拔节期,上层施肥和整体施肥的根鲜重、干重及根系活力高于下层施肥处理.在扬花灌浆期,下层施肥方式下根系活力降幅低于其它两种施肥方式.在成熟期,下层施肥方式下根系出现"早衰"现象;(3) 不同湿润和施肥耦合方式下,以整体湿润、上层施肥的耦合方式最优,在提高根系活力和根鲜/干重的同时,减少了氮、磷在土壤中的残留.     

三相四线制低压系统有源电力滤波

通过对三相四线制供电系统特点和非线性负载电流谐波污染分析,提出了可同时补偿电压跌落、谐波电流的负载端低压综合电能质量补偿方法,并设计了对应的混合型低压电能质量综合补偿器（UPQC）。通过实验和仿真,结果表明：此补偿方法和混合型低压电能质量综合补偿器能有效的解决非线性负载形成的谐波和无功电流对电网供电质量的影响,是集中式电能综合补偿的必要补充,有一定的发展前景和实用价值。     

Optimization of CNC cutting parameters using design of experiment(DOE) and desirability function

In this study,2~5 (five factors at two-level factorial design) design of experiment was applied to investigate a set of optimal machining parameters to achieve a minimum surface roughness value for Abies nordmanniana.Wood specimens were prepared using different values of spindle speed,feed rate,depth of cut,tool radius,and cutting directions.Average surface roughness (R_z) values were applied using a stylus.The objectives were to:(1)obtain the effective variables of wood surface roughness;(2) analyze which of these factors had an impact on variability in the CNC machining process;(3) evaluate the optimal cutting values within the range of different cutting levels of machining parameters.The results indicate that the design of experiment(DOE) based on the desirability function approach determined the optimal machining parameters successfully,leading to minimum R_a compared to the observed value.Minimum surface roughness values of tangential and radial cutting directions were 3.58 and 3.21 μm,respectively.     

汉江中下游宜城至沙洋段防洪调度

通过对汉江中下游宜城至沙洋段的防洪形势分析，在确定出沙洋超额洪量、推荐分洪的民垸及各民垸的分洪时间的基础上，初步拟定汉江中下游宜城至沙洋段的防洪调度方案，汉江中下游宜城至沙洋段的防洪调度提供技术支持。     

湖北省平原湖区排水涵闸工程老化

湖北省平原湖区的排水工程基本上是在20世纪50～60年代修建的，大部分排水涵闸工程处于不同程度地老化状态，致使工程效益下降。为了摸清涵闸老化病害程度，为湖北省平原湖区的涵闸改造规划提供建议，在对湖北省平原湖区现有涵闸工程老化损害情况进行全面调查的基础上，建立平原湖区主要涵闸的老化评价指标体系，运用层次分析法建立涵闸的老化评估模型，对湖北省平原湖区的涵闸进行老化病害评估分析。     

水闸与泵站合建的一种新的布置型

通过比选水闸与泵站合建的三种主要布置型式，即并列布置、正交布置、立面分层布置，下沙排涝闸站选用正交布置型式，实现了水闸与泵站两者功能上相互利用，闸站具有布置紧凑、挡水面小，防洪可靠性高、运行管理方便的特点。正交布置型式适用于大多数建在堤塘上的排涝闸站，有较广泛的应用前景。正交布置中泵型选用潜水轴流泵，其组合是一种新的布置型式。