不同生育期水分亏缺及氮营养对冬小麦生长和产量的影响

利用管栽条件研究了不同施氮量条件下不同生育阶段水分有限亏缺对冬小麦生长及其产量的影响。结果表明:在冬小麦拔节期、开花期、灌浆期水分亏缺处理,其株高、根、冠干物质及植株总重差异达到极显著水平,无论任何生育阶段水分亏缺还是全生育期正常供水,株高、根、冠及植株总重都随施氮量的增加而增加,并且氮肥对地上部的促进作用要大于对地下部的促进作用。在拔节期、开花期水分亏缺对小麦的每穗粒数、千粒重、单株产量影响显著,灌浆期水分亏缺对千粒重有显著影响。在适中的施氮水平下苗期、灌浆期适当的水分亏缺对冬小麦的生长和产量没有显著的影响,而在高氮、低氮条件下影响较为显著。     

Clinical assessment of epidural analgesia induced by xylazine-lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation in calves

: The aim of the present study was to investigate whether epidural administration of a xylazine-lidocaine combination accompanied by xylazine sedation would provide satisfactory analgesia for some surgical procedures on 10 calves admitted to the Department of Veterinary Surgery, University of Kafkas with perineal urolithiasis (n:2), rectovaginal fistula (n:1), atresia ani (n:2), omphalophlebitis (n:2), omphaloarteritis (n:1) and umbilical hernia (n:2).Following intramuscular injection of xylazine at a dose of 0.05 mg/kg for sedation, xylazine-lidocaine combination (0.2 mg/kg lidocaine + 0.02 mg/kg xylazine + 5 ml 0.9% NaCl) was administrated into the lumbosacral (L6-S1), sacrococcygeal (S5-Co1) or intercoccygeal (Co1-Co2) space. Heart rate, respiratory rate and rectal temperature were recorded prior to and during analgesia at 5, 10, 15, 30 and 60 minutes. Furthermore, depth and duration of analgesia were evaluated during surgical intervention.The study revealed that the combination of epidural xylazine-lidocaine with xylazine sedation was highly satisfactory for surgery of the lower urinary tract and the perineal region, but it was less so for surgery of the umbilical area.     

Fusarial toxins and their role in animal diseases

Fusarial toxins are toxic metabolites produced mostly by toxigenic micromycetes of genus Fusarium. Dominant mycotoxins of this group include trichothecenes, moniliformin, zearalenone, and fumonisins. Recently, special attention has been paid to these toxins because of their harmful effects on both animals and humans. On the basis of the available literature, we review here the characteristics of major fusarial mycotoxins with an emphasis on their toxic effects on animals. The most important fusarial mycotoxins, their sources, and their pathology including clinical signs, necropsy findings, as well as changes in haematological, biochemical, and immunological indices, are addressed.     

节水农业补偿实践——以新疆奎屯

研究节水农业补偿办法是基于现行的水资源管理及水价政策,仅从这些方面进行政策实施,不可避免地会造成农户的利益损失,从而导致社会福利下降,这与政府公共事业的建设是背而驰的.因此,节水农业补偿一直是节水农业管理的重要内容，它直接影响到节水农业的顺利进行。新疆奎屯河灌区在针对提高水价与采用节水设备如何进行补偿中进行了有益的实践。     

Chinese-version Bt Cotton： How to Get the Benefits from IPR

Chinese scientists started to fully synthesize the Bacillus thuringiensis （B0 CrylA gene in 1991. By the end of 1992, Biotechnology Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences （BRI-CAAS） successfully synthesized the full size of GFM CrylA gene, which was a fusion gene of CrylA（b） and CrylA（c）. In 1998, patent of the core technology titled in ＂Genes Encoding Insecticidal Proteins, Construction Of Expression Vectors And Their Application＂ （Patent No. ZL 95 1 19563.8; International Patent Classification No. C12N 15/32） was granted to BRI-CAAS in China. So far, a series of genetic engineering technology have been developed by BRICAAS and successfully received patent protection, including Bt＋CpTI genes （Application No. 98102885.3） for cotton bollworm, GNA gene （Application No. 98120233.0） for aphid, fungal disease-resistant genes （Application No. 99100393.4, 99100394.2） for cotton Fusarium and Verticillium wilt.     

Diversity of microsporidia (Fungi: Microsporidia) among captive great apes in European zoos and African sanctuaries: evidence for zoonotic transmission?

Abstract: Two hundred and seventeen captive great apes (150 chimpanzees, Pan troglodytes; 14 bonobos, Pan paniscus; 53 western gorillas, Gorilla gorilla) and 20 personnel from thirteen European zoos and two African sanctuaries were sampled and examined in order to determine the occurrence ofEnterocytozoon bieneusi and species of Encephalitozoon in faecal specimens and to compare the epidemiological situation between zoos and sanctuaries. Microsporidia were detected at all sampling sites. Sequence analyses of ITS amplicons generated by using microsporidia-specific primers determined the presence ofmicrosporidia in 87 samples including 13 humans; since two cases of simultaneous occurrence of Encephalitozoon cuniculi and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were identified, 89 full-length ITS sequences were obtained, namely 78 Encephalitozoon cuniculi genotype I, five E. cuniculi genotype II, two E. hellem 1A and four Enterocytozoon bieneusi. No Encephalitozoon intestinalis-positive samples were identified. This is the first report of Encephalitozoon species and Enterocytozoon bieneusi genotypes in captive great apes kept under various conditions and the first record of natural infection with E. hellem in great apes. A comparison of zoos and sanctuaries showed a significantly higher prevalence of microsporidia in sanctuaries (P<0.001), raising a question about the factors affecting the occurrence of microsporidia in epidemiologically and sanitarily comparable types of facilities.     

农网改造中变压器选型方案的新模

依据当前我国农村电网的某些特点，介绍了一种可靠性较高，节能效果显著,技术经济性较好的D/Y变换调容变压器的技术特点及其在农网改造中的应用。并对变压器损耗进行了相关分析及其在相同情况下使用常用的电力变压器的技术指标进行了对照分析，得出在农网改造中，使用这一新型变压器选型方案，不仅可克服当前农村电网的某些不足，还可对以后的增容留有一定的灵活性。     

Nickel seminal concentrations in various animals and correlation to spermatozoa quality

In this study, the concentration of nickel in stallion, bull, ram, boar and fox semen, and its relation with spermatozoa quality was analyzed. The concentration of nickel in semen was 0.20 mg kg(-1) in stallion, 0.12 mg kg(-1) in bull, 0.31 mg kg(-1) in ram, 0.06 mg kg(-1) in boar and 0.36 mg kg(-1) in fox. Seminal nickel concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in foxes than that in bulls and significantly higher (P < 0.01) in rams and foxes in comparison with boars. Evaluation of total pathological spermatozoa revealed the highest number in stallions followed by rams, bulls, boars and foxes. In bull, ram and boar semen, separated flagellum, flagellum torso and knob-twisted flagellum were predominant. Knob-twisted flagellum, separated flagellum and flagellum torso were found in increased number in stallion semen and broken flagellum in fox semen. Correlation analysis in bulls indicated a high positive correlation between seminal nickel and separated flagellum (r = 0.76) and medium positive correlation between nickel and flagellum torso (r = 0.62), and in rams a high positive correlation between nickel and separated flagellum (r = 0.77). Medium positive correlation was found between nickel and separated flagellum (r = 0.43) and between nickel and other pathological spermatozoa (r = 0.45) in boars.     

新疆生产建设兵团节水灌溉工程分

从地形、气候、作物种类、水源条件四个方面进行分析，对兵团的节水灌溉进行节水灌溉工程分区，将兵团的节水灌溉工程划分为六大区域，为各地、师（局）、团场探求一个相对科学合理的节水灌溉工程形式，并指出节水灌溉发展方向。     

小型水电站机组综合自动化装置研

针对目前国内小型水电站设备陈旧、技术落后、运行安全性差等实际情况，提出了一种集控制、保护、操作、通信于一体的综合自动控制装置方案。这种控制装置结构简洁、高可靠、易维护，有效地提高电站运行效率，确保安全，减少运行维护成本，实现了小水电站“无人值班”和“信息化管理”。该控制装置的问世将改变我国小水电现有运行现状,对提高电厂的经济运行具有特别重要的意义，有利于推动我国农村小水电的自动化水平。